颌面部爆炸伤软组织缺损早期修复的实验研究

将犬随机分为Ａ（即时）组、Ｂ（７２ｈ）组，采用ＫＴＹ－０４型雷管置于犬面颊部引爆致伤，造成软组织洞穿性缺损。Ａ组伤后即刻清创、隐动脉皮瓣立即移植修复皮肤缺损；Ｂ组伤后即刻清创，７２ｈ后二次清创，同时切取隐动脉皮瓣，吻合血管修复皮肤缺损，颊粘膜缺损两组均行局部拉拢缝合。术后观察１～６个月，Ａ组５例均失败；Ｂ组１５例，成功１２例，游离皮瓣成活率为８０％。实验结果表明口腔颌面部爆炸伤软组织缺损经早期清创，７２ｈ后扩创，用吻合血管游离皮瓣修复是可行的。     

The role of cytogenetics in the classification of soft tissue tumours

 Soft tissue tumours represent a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal lesions, and their classification is the subject of continuous debate. Chromosome analysis, molecular cytogenetics and molecular assays may become increasingly useful in diagnosis, and this review summarises advances in the cytogenetic characterisation and classification of soft tissue tumours. Among the group of fibrous lesions, superficial fibromatosis exhibits trisomy 8. This genomic change is also observed in desmoid fibromatosis in association with trisomy 20. Trisomy 11 is the most frequently observed chromosomal aberration in congenital fibrosarcoma. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and giant cell fibroblastoma share a translocation t(17;22), which supports the concept of the existence of a common differentiation pathway. Adipose tissue tumours is the group in which integration of genetics and pathology has been most fruitful. Ordinary lipomas cytogenetically show an abnormal karyotype in about half the cases. Genomic changes of the 11q13 region are observed in hibernoma. Lipoblastoma exhibits a specific 8q rearrangement in 8q11-q13. Loss of material from the region 16q13-qter and 13q deletions are observed in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomas. The well-differentiated liposarcoma/atypical lipoma group is characterised karyotypically by the presence of one extra ring and/or extra giant chromosome marker. Myxoid and round cell liposarcoma share the same characteristic chromosome change: t(12;16)(q13;p11) in most cases. In the group of smooth muscle lesions most data are derived from uterine leiomyomas, which can be subclassified cytogenetically into seven different types. Half of all leiomyomas are chromosomally normal; the other half have one of six possible consistent chromosome changes. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is characterised cytogenetically by two variant translocations t(2;13)(q35;q14) and t(1;13)(p36;q14). Among tenosynovial tumours, the localised type of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath exhibits two different karyotypic changes. One involves 1p11 in a translocation with chromosome 2 or with another chromosome. A second type involves 16q24. Synovial sarcoma is characterised cytogenetically by a translocation occurring between chromosome 18 and presumably two adjacent loci on the X chromosome. In neural tumours, abnormalities of chromosome 22 have been reported in benign schwannomas and perineuriomas. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours exist in two main forms: sporadic and associated with the NF-1 syndrome. Karyotypes are very complex, but chromosomes 17q and 22q are very often involved. Clear cell sarcoma is characterised cytogenetically and molecularly by a translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12). The Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumour category shows a central karyotypic anomaly represented by the translocation t(11;22). The two variants t(21;22) and t(7;22) are found in some cases. Among cartilaginous lesion, the most frequently described anomaly is the t(9;22)(q22;q12) in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumour is characterised by a t(11;22)(p13;q12). Received: 5 February 1997 / Accepted: 24 February 1997     

松龄血脉康抑制肺动脉高压的实验研究

为观察松龄血脉康胶囊对肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉压的影响，取１００只健康Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，其中６０只背部注射野百合碱ｍｏｎｏｃｒｏｔａｌｉｎｅ，ＭＣＴ８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ复制出肺动脉高压模型。再将其分为两组，各３０只，其中一组以标准饲料喂养，另一组加用松龄血脉康胶囊１．５ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１。其余４０只健康大鼠做为正常对照组，在实验当天、７天、１４天、２１天、２８天、３５天从各组中随机抽取５只行右心导管测肺动脉压。结果：注射ＭＣＴ后肺高压组２８天时达高峰，但加用松龄血脉康组上升幅度明显小于未用药组。结论：松龄血脉康有显著抑制大鼠肺动脉高压发展的作用     

脑络康缓释胶囊的制备工艺和体外释放度的研究

以羟丙甲基纤维素作为主要的缓释辅料,采用正交设计方法优化处方研制成脑络康缓释胶囊.以人参皂苷的累积释放量作为考察指标,按照<药典>规定的缓释制剂的释放度进行优选.结果:最佳的处方工艺即羟丙甲基纤维素216 mg,乙基纤维素24 mg,混合稀释剂132 mg,释放曲线符合Higuchi动力学模型.     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后骨质疏松症的防治

为探讨妇科恶性肿瘤术后骨质疏松症的预防措施,采用补充紫竹爱维和乐力胶囊来预防骨质疏松的发生,分别与未服药的妇科恶性肿瘤及良性肿瘤术后作对照,并对其对骨代谢指标血清骨性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)的影响进行了临床观察.结果发现恶性肿瘤术后较良性肿瘤术后患者的BALP降低,TRAP增高,服用紫竹爱维与乐力胶囊的患者TRAP均低于未服药的恶性肿瘤术后患者,P＜0.05,均有显著性差异.表明妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者较良性肿瘤更易患骨质疏松症,服用紫竹爱维与乐力胶囊均能有效防治骨质疏松症,前者效果更佳,但应掌握性激素补充治疗(HRT)的应用指征.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方万年青胶囊中大黄素

目的建立复方万年青胶囊中大黄素的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,以Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm×5μm)为分析柱,甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(80∶20)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长254 nm。结果大黄素在0.039~0.355μg范围内呈良好线性关系,r=1.0000。平均回收率为99.3%,RSD=0.4%(n=5)。结论HPLC法是一种简便、准确、可靠的分析方法。     

Myoepitheliomas of the soft palate: helical CT findings in two patients.

We describe the enhancement patterns of myoepithelioma in two patients with a soft palate mass. In the first case, helical CT revealed a faintly enhancing mass. Histologically, the tumor was composed of plasmacytoid cells in a background of rich myxoid stroma. Immunostaining for CD34 showed scanty blood vessels. In the second case, helical CT revealed an intensely enhancing mass. Histologically, the mass was a cellular tumor with fibrous stroma. Immunostaining for CD34 also showed frequent blood vessels.     

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of foot with expansive growth between metatarsals

 The case of a 14-year-old girl with rhabdomyosarcoma of the right foot is reported. Plain radiography showed a large nonspecific soft tissue tumor between the metatarsals with bowing of the metatarsals away from the mass. MR imaging showed a large soft tissue mass involving the metatarsals. The findings were conflicting, because the tumor had an infiltrative soft tissue mass and bowing of the metatarsals more suggestive of slow expansive growth. Bowing of short tubular bones may be a process similar to cortical saucerization, which is typically seen in Ewing’s sarcoma, and it can be one of the findings of high grade neoplasms, such as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.     

Lokalrezidive von Weichteilsarkomen an Extremitäten und Rumpf

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) tend to recur locally. In a series of 140 patients operated on during the past two decades with STS of the extremities and trunk, prognostic factors influencing local recurrence were determined. Statistical significance was evaluated for the quality of surgical resection (P<0.001), regional positive lymph nodes (P=0.03), and adjuvant radiotherapy (P=0.01) [for resection without wide margins (R1) and low-grade (G3) tumors]. In 1988, the surgical procedure was standardized. After 1987, local recurrence decreased significantly (P < 0.001). In subfascial tumors, local recurrence occurred far less in cases of compartmental resection than with wide excision. These data indicate that the course of patients with STS can be beneficially influenced by optimal therapy. Resection with wide margins in all three dimensions is the aim of sarcoma surgery. Postoperative radiation therapy is indicated in the case of R1 resection.

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Lokalrezidive von Weichteilsarkomen an Extremitäten und Rumpf

Zusammenfassung Weichteilsarkome neigen zur Ausbildung von Lokalrezidiven. In einer Studie von 140 Patienten der letzten 20 Jahre mit Sarkomen an Extremitäten und Rumpf wurde untersucht, welche Faktoren das Auftreten von Lokalrezidiven beeinflussen. Statistische Signifikanz ergab sick fur die Qualität der chirurgischen Re sektion (R) (p<0,001), den regionalen Lymphknotenstatus (p=0,03) sowie eine adjuvante Strahlentherapie (p=0,01) [bei marginal resezierten (RI), niedrig differenzierten (G3) Tumoren]. 1988 wurde das chirurgische Vorgehen standardisiert. In der Zeit danach traten signifikant weniger Rezidive auf als davor (p < 0,001). Bei subfaszialer Lage traten Rezidive nach Kompartmentresektion wesentlich seltener auf als nach weiter Resektion. Der Krankheitsverlauf von Weichteilsarkomen ist also durchaus therapeutisch beeinflußbar. Ein dreidimensional weiter Sicherheitsabstand ist das entscheidende Therapieziel, eine Bestrahlung in R1-Situationen indiziert.

     

保肝解毒胶囊对雷公藤多甙片所致小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：运用新建雷公藤多甙致小鼠急性肝损伤模型，探讨保肝解毒胶囊对该模型肝损伤保护作用的效果和机理。方法：连续5d给小鼠灌服保肝解毒胶囊制剂，而后以雷公藤多甙片造小鼠急性肝损伤模型，检测小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)，肝匀浆中过氧化物(LPO)含量，并取肝组织作病理检查。结果：保肝解毒胶囊可以对抗肝损伤，其疗效和剂量有关；保肝解毒胶囊保护肝细胞的机理与对抗脂质过氧化反应有关。结论：保肝解毒胶囊具有保护肝脏的作用，