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41.
Alan. B. Franklin Sarah N. Bevins Jeremy W. Ellis Ryan S. Miller Susan A. Shriner J. Jeffrey Root Daniel P. Walsh Thomas J. Deliberto 《Transboundary and Emerging Diseases》2019,66(2):705-714
Using data on waterfowl band recoveries, we identified spatially explicit hotspots of concentrated waterfowl movement to predict occurrence and spatial spread of a novel influenza A virus (clade 2.3.4.4) introduced from Asia by waterfowl from an initial outbreak in North America in November 2014. In response to the outbreak, the hotspots of waterfowl movement were used to help guide sampling for clade 2.3.4.4 viruses in waterfowl as an early warning for the US poultry industry during the outbreak . After surveillance sampling of waterfowl, we tested whether there was greater detection of clade 2.3.4.4 viruses inside hotspots. We found that hotspots defined using kernel density estimates of waterfowl band recoveries worked well in predicting areas with higher prevalence of the viruses in waterfowl. This approach exemplifies the value of ecological knowledge in predicting risk to agricultural security. 相似文献
42.
Non‐melanoma skin cancer frequently results from chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. UV‐induced DNA damage activates cell cycle arrest checkpoints through degradation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase activators, the cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases. We previously reported increased CDC25A in nonmelanoma skin cancer, but CDC25B and CDC25C had not been previously examined. Consequently, we hypothesized that increased expression of CDC25B and CDC25C increases tumor cell proliferation and skin tumor growth. We found that CDC25B and CDC25C were increased in mouse and human skin cancers. CDC25B was primarily cytoplasmic in skin and skin tumors and was significantly increased in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while CDC25C was mostly nuclear in the skin, with an increased cytoplasmic signal in the premalignant and malignant tumors. Surprisingly, forced expression of CDC25B or CDC25C in cultured SCC cells did not affect proliferation, but instead suppressed apoptosis, while CDC25C silencing increased apoptosis without impacting proliferation. Targeting CDC25C to the nucleus via mutation of its nuclear export sequence, however, increased proliferation in SCC cells. Overexpression of CDC25C in the nuclear compartment did not hinder the ability of CDC25C to suppress apoptosis, neither did mutation of sites necessary for its interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins. Analysis of apoptotic signaling pathways revealed that CDC25C increased activating phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473, increased inhibitory phosphorylation of proapoptotic BAD on Ser136, and increased the survival protein Survivin. Silencing of CDC25C significantly reduced Survivin levels. Taken together, these data suggest that increased expression of CDC25B or CDC25C are mechanisms by which skin cancers evade apoptotic cell death. 相似文献
43.
Could non-HDL-cholesterol be a better marker of atherogenic dyslipidemia in obstructive sleep apnea?
《Sleep medicine》2021
Background/objectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is independently associated with dyslipidemia, a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is accepted as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol is a better marker of atherogenic dyslipidemia and recommended as a target of lipid lowering therapy. We aimed to assess the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia, and relationship between OSA severity and serum LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels in OSA patients.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated treatment naïve 2361 subjects admitted to the sleep laboratory of a university hospital for polysomnography. All subjects’ lipid profile including total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL-cholesterol were measured.ResultsOut of 2361 patients (mean age 49.6 ± 11.9 years; 68.9% male, apnea-hypopnea index 36.6 ± 28.4/h), 185 (7.8%) had no OSA and 2176 (92.2%) had OSA. Atherogenic dyslipidemia prevalence was high (57–66%) in OSA patients, and especially increased in severe OSA compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Though total and LDL-cholesterol did not differ between those with and without OSA, non-HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.020), and triglycerides (p = 0.001) were higher and HDL-cholesterol levels (p = 0.018) were lower in OSA patients than non-OSA. Non-HDL-cholesterol was significantly correlated with OSA severity (p < 0.001) and hypoxia parameters (p < 0.01), whereas LDL-cholesterol showed no correlation.ConclusionsAtherogenic dyslipidemia is highly prevalent and non-HDL-cholesterol levels are significantly increased, predominantly in severe OSA patients. Non-HDL-cholesterol but not LDL-cholesterol, is significantly correlated with OSA severity and hypoxia parameters. Therefore, it could be better to use non-HDL-cholesterol, which is a guideline recommended target of lipid therapy, as a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in OSA patients. 相似文献
44.
Stefan Scholz Florian Koerber Kinga Meszaros Rosa Maya Fassbender Bernhard Ultsch Robert R. Welte Wolfgang Greiner 《Vaccine》2019,37(12):1692-1701
Introduction
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe disease mainly affecting infants and young children. The most common serogroup causing IMD in Germany is the serogroup type B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB). The aim of the present study is to estimate the economic burden of MenB-related IMD in Germany.Method
A bottom-up, model-based costing approach has been used to calculate the diagnose- and age-specific yearly lifetime costs of a hypothetical cohort of MenB-related IMD cases. Direct costs contain the treatment cost for the acute phase of the disease, long-term sequelae, costs for rehabilitation, and public health response. Indirect costs are calculated for the human-capital approach and the friction-cost approach considering productivity losses of patients or parents for the acute phase and long-term sequelae. Publicly available databases from the Federal Statistical Office, the SOEP panel data set, literature, and expert opinion were used as data sources. All future costs beyond the reference year of 2015 were discounted at 3%.Results
The total costs for the hypothetical cohort (343 patients) from a societal perspective are €19.6 million (€57,100/IMD case) using the friction-cost approach and €58.8 million (€171,000/IMD case) using the human-capital approach. Direct costs amount to €18.6 million or €54,300 €/case. Sequelae are responsible for 81% of the direct costs/case.Discussion
The elevated costs/MenB-related IMD case reflect the severity of the disease. The total costs are sensitive to the productivity-loss estimation approach applied. MenB is an uncommon but severe disease; The costs/case reflect the severity of the disease and is within the same magnitude as for human papilloma virus infections. The available literature on sequelae is due to the uncommonness limited and heterogeneous. 相似文献45.
46.
《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2022,30(6):669-678
BackgroundIschemia reperfusion (I/R) play an imperative role in the expansion of cardiovascular disease. Sinomenine (SM) has been exhibited to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. The aim of the study was scrutinized the cardioprotective effect of SM against I/R injury in rat.MethodsRat were randomly divided into normal control (NC), I/R control and I/R + SM (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), respectively. Ventricular arrhythmias, body weight and heart weight were estimated. Antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and plasmin system indicator were accessed.ResultsPre-treated SM group rats exhibited the reduction in the duration and incidence of ventricular fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beat (VEB) and ventricular tachycardia along with suppression of arrhythmia score during the ischemia (30 and 120 min). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) altered the level of antioxidant parameters. SM treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (Tnl). SM treated rats significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the tissue factor (TF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and plasma fibrinogen (Fbg) and inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ConclusionOur result clearly indicated that SM plays anti-arrhythmia effect in I/R injury in the rats via alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. 相似文献
47.
Marta López-Fauqued Laura Campora Frédérique Delannois Mohamed El Idrissi Lidia Oostvogels Ferdinandus J. De Looze Javier Diez-Domingo Thomas C. Heineman Himal Lal Janet E. McElhaney Shelly A. McNeil Wilfred Yeo Fernanda Tavares-Da-Silva 《Vaccine》2019,37(18):2482-2493
Background
The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies.Methods
Adults aged ≥50 (ZOE-50) and ≥70 (ZOE-70) years were randomly vaccinated with RZV or placebo. Safety analyses were performed on the pooled total vaccinated cohort, consisting of participants receiving at least one dose of RZV or placebo. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 and 30?days after each vaccination, respectively. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected from the first vaccination until 12?months post-last dose. Fatal AEs, vaccination-related SAEs, and potential immune-mediated diseases (pIMDs) were collected during the entire study period.Results
Safety was evaluated in 14,645 RZV and 14,660 placebo recipients. More RZV than placebo recipients reported unsolicited AEs (50.5% versus 32.0%); the difference was driven by transient injection site and solicited systemic reactions that were generally seen in the first week post-vaccination. The occurrence of overall SAEs (RZV: 10.1%; Placebo: 10.4%), fatal AEs (RZV: 4.3%; Placebo: 4.6%), and pIMDs (RZV: 1.2%; Placebo: 1.4%) was balanced between groups. The occurrence of possible exacerbations of pIMDs was rare and similar between groups. Overall, except for the expected local and systemic symptoms, the safety results were comparable between the RZV and Placebo groups irrespective of participant age, gender, or race.Conclusions
No safety concerns arose, supporting the favorable benefit-risk profile of RZV. 相似文献48.
Micro‐evolution of the hepatitis B virus genome in hepatitis B e‐antigen‐positive carriers: Comparison of genotypes B and C at various immune stages 下载免费PDF全文
49.
This study aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of magnesium lithospermate B on acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sodiumsulfate (DSS) and the role of inflammasome complex (NOD-like receptor protein, NLRP; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing, ASC; caspase-1). Establishment of acute and chronic colitis models were by using 5% DSS oral administration in BALB/C male mice. Magnesium lithospermate B (240 mg/kg body weight) was given by subcutaneous injection. Samples were collected for biomarker assay, histological examination, immunohistochemical evaluation and western blot. There was obvious increase in TNF-α level and NLPR3, ASC, and caspase-1 expressions in acute and chronic colitis groups compared with the normal control. Significant decrease of the tumor necrosis factor-α level and the expressions of NLPR3, ASC, and caspase-1 were observed after treatment with magnesium lithospermate B. This study showed that magnesium lithospermate B could be used to treat acute and chronic colitis by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. 相似文献
50.
Theodore M. Brasky Roberta M. Ray Sandi L. Navarro Jeannette M. Schenk Alison M. Newton Marian L. Neuhouser 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,147(5):1374-1384
We and others have reported associations between B vitamins principally involved in one-carbon metabolism and increased lung cancer risk; however, results for women have been inconsistent. Here we report on the association of supplemental vitamins B6, folic acid and B12 intake and lung cancer risk using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study of postmenopausal women. Between 1993 and 1998, 161,808 women were recruited to participate in the WHI at 40 clinical centers in the US. After exclusions, 159,232 women were available for analysis and followed prospectively for an average of 18.3 years. Among them, 3,836 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. At baseline, supplemental B vitamins from multivitamins, vitamin mixtures and individual supplements were assessed. Adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between supplemental B vitamin intake and lung cancer risk. Relative to no intake, women who took ≥50 mg/day of vitamin B6 had 16% (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.99) reduced lung cancer risk. Associations did not differ significantly by smoking status or lung cancer histology. Intakes of folic acid and vitamin B12 were not associated with risk. There is a need for replication of our findings from other large, prospective studies with similar high-quality measurement of supplement intakes before any recommendations can be made at present on B6 supplementation for lung cancer prevention in women. 相似文献