南瓜多糖的提取纯化及其复方口服液的降血糖作用研究

目的：提取和纯化南瓜、葛根及黄芪中的降糖有效成份，并考察由南瓜多糖、葛根黄酮及黄芪皂苷组成的复方口服液的降糖作用。方法：采用水提、醇提及柱层析法，分别提取和纯化南瓜、葛根及黄芪中的降糖有效成份，并将其配制成3种不同配比的复方口服液；建立四氧嘧啶高血糖小鼠模型，比较3种复方口服液的降糖作用。结果：提取获得南瓜多糖、葛根黄酮和黄芪皂苷，由其配制的3种复方口服液均能降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠的血糖值，并初筛出最佳的复方口服液。结论：本文中南瓜多糖、葛根黄酮及黄芪皂苷的提取和纯化方法简便，得到的南瓜多糖和葛根总黄酮纯度高，其复方口服液具有明显的降血糖作用。     

龙牙木叶总皂甙对荷瘤鼠IL-2含量及其细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨龙牙(木忽)木叶总皂甙抗肿瘤作用机理。方法：采用ELISA法对荷瘤小鼠血清IL-2含量检测；用流式细胞术对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡进行测定。结果：龙牙(木忽)木叶总皂甙诱导荷瘤小鼠血清IL-2含量明显增高(P＜0.05)；流式细胞仪检测龙牙(木忽)木叶总皂甙对肿瘤细胞周期无明显改变(P＞0.05)，细胞凋亡率明显增高(P＜0.05)。结论；提示龙牙(木忽)木叶总皂甙能诱导荷瘤小鼠血清IL-2含量增高，诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡而达到抗肿瘤作用。     

杜茎山属植物三萜皂苷的研究进展

杜茎山属植物皂苷系该属植物富含的特性成分,其结构特点是以齐墩果烷型五环三萜为苷元基本骨架,苷元上连有各种酰基等多种取代基,且均为3β位单糖链分支四糖苷或五糖苷,具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗突变诱导、灭螺等多种生物活性和较好的潜在开发利用前景.现按化学结构、结构解析与NMR特征、生物活性等内容对杜茎山属植物三萜皂苷的研究进展进行总结.     

真菌诱导子对人参毛状根皂苷生物合成和生长的影响

目的 :考察真菌诱导子对人参毛状根的生长和人参皂苷生物合成影响。方法 :提取黄瓜炭疽病菌Colletorichumlagnarinm、青菜炭疽病菌Phomafiltrate、棉花枯萎病菌Fusariumoxysponum、黑曲霉Asperillusniger中的真菌诱导子与人参毛状根共培养 ,应用HPLC及比色法对培养物中总苷及几种单体皂苷进行分析测定。结果 :真菌诱导子不但能影响人参毛状根总苷的合成量 ,也能使某些单体皂苷消失或增加 ,如培养液中黑曲霉多糖诱导子增加到 20mg·L^-1浓度时 ,使总苷含量增加到 3.649% ,而单体皂苷中Rg₁和Re未检出 ,Rg₂ 和Rb₁的含量则有明显增加 ,并可促进人参毛状根的生长。结论 :真菌诱导子对人参毛状根某些皂苷的合成具有特异性 ,同时也影响人参毛状根的生物量。培养过程中通过外源性诱导子的添加 ,有利于人参毛状根次生代谢产物的定向积累。     

荔枝核皂苷改善地塞米松致大鼠胰岛素抵抗作用机制研究

目的 :研究荔枝核皂苷改善地塞米松 (DX)致大鼠胰岛素抵抗 (IR)的作用机制。方法 :采用DX诱导制作IR大鼠模型 ,观察荔枝核皂苷对模型鼠给药2h后空腹血清血糖 (FSG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、三酰甘油 (TG )、皮质醇 (Cortisol)、胰岛素含量及胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)等指标的影响。结果 :荔枝核皂苷能显著降低模型鼠FSG、TC、TG含量 ,显著提高ISI值 (P<0 05或P<0 01)。结论 :荔枝核皂苷可改善DX所致糖、脂代谢障碍 ,降低模型鼠中血皮质醇及胰岛素水平 ,改善其胰岛素敏感性。     

人参二醇、三醇皂苷对小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞体外增殖的影响

人参总皂苷按单体皂苷皂苷元所含羟基量不同分为人参二醇皂苷(Panaxadiol Saponin;PDS)和人参三醇皂苷(Panaxtrol Saponin;PTS)两大类.有关人参总皂甙对造血方面的研究也已有不少报道[1～3],而PDS和PTS对造血祖细胞作用研究还未见报道.本文采用体外造血祖细胞集落形成技术,通过观察PDS和PTS对小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞增殖的作用影响,目的在于探讨人参总皂苷中不同的皂苷成分对造血祖细胞的作用,筛选人参中促造血有效成分,为开发利用天然植物资源提供实验依据.     

Screening and appraisal for immunological adjuvant-active fractions from Platycodon grandiflorum total saponins

In this study, the total saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PGS_t) was subjected to D101 macroreticular resin column chromatography to afford four fractions (PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅ and PGS₉₅). PGS_t and its four fractions were evaluated and compared for the haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). PGS_t, PGS₃₀, PGS₅₀, PGS₇₅, and PGS₇₅ showed a slight haemolytic effect, with their concentration inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (HD₅₀) being 16.13?±?0.81, >200, 17.53?±?0.24, 20.16?±?0.76, 76.31?±?2.20?μg/mL against 0.5% rabbit red blood cell, respectively. PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ significantly not only enhanced the Con A-, lipopolysaccharide-, and HBsAg-induced splenocyte proliferation, but promoted the killing activities of natural killer (NK) cells from splenocytes in HBsAg-immunized mice (P?<?0.01 or P?<?0.001). HBsAg-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were also significantly enhanced by PGS_t, PGS₅₀, and PGS₇₅ compared with HBsAg control group (P?<?0.05, P?<?0.01, or P?<?0.001). Moreover, the adjuvant effects of PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ on the cellular immune responses and HBsAg-specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody responses were more significant than those of Alum, PGS₃₀, and PGS₉₅. The results indicated that PGS₅₀ and PGS₇₅ could improve both cellular and humoral immune responses, and elicit a balanced Th1/Th2 response to HBsAg in mice, and that PGS₇₅ may be developed as an ideal candidate adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine.     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of five saponins after intravenous administration of TSFS injection and TSFS injection plus TFFG in rats under different physiological states

Sanqi is a popular traditional Chinese medicine and commonly used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rd are the major active constituents of Sanqi. The purpose of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of the five active constituents from total saponin from Sanqi when it was used in the blood stasis animals or in combination with Gegen. The concentrations of the five active constituents in rat plasma were determined by an ultra-HPLC–ESI–MS/MS method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and statistically analyzed using the unpaired student's t-test. It was found that the pharmacokinetic parameters of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 represented a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the normal rats and the blood stasis rats after administration of total saponin from Sanqi (TSFS). And there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the pharmacokinetic parameters of all the five constituents between administration of TSFS alone and combined with total flavonoid from Gegen (TFFG) in blood stasis rats. It suggested that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the active constituents from TSFS could be changed when it was used in blood stasis animals or in combination with TFFG.     

Effects of garlic powder supplementation on insulin resistance,oxidative stress,and body composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and obesity are major contributors to NAFLD pathogenesis. The effects of garlic powder supplementation on these risk factors in patients with NAFLD was investigated.MethodsIn this 12-wk, randomized controlled clinical trial, ninety patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to two groups. The treatment group received four tablets of garlic (each coated tablet contained 400 mg garlic powder) daily and the control group received four tablets of placebo (each coated tablet contained 400 mg starch).ResultsA significant decrease was seen in the treatment group compared to the control group in waist circumference (P = 0.001), body fat percent (P < 0.001), serum concentration of fasting blood sugar (P = 0.01), insulin (P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (P < 0.001), as well as significant increase in skeletal muscle mass (P = 0.002), serum concentration of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.001).ConclusionGarlic powder supplementation improved risk factors of NAFLD. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of garlic on hepatic features in patients with NAFLD. The study protocol was registered at Iranian clinical trials website under code IRCT20170206032417N4.     

葛兰心宁软胶囊治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病不稳定型心绞痛临床观察

目的：观察葛兰心宁软胶囊治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病不稳定型心绞痛患者的临床疗效。方法：将87例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病不稳定型心绞痛患者,在常规治疗的基础上加用葛兰心宁软胶囊,每次2粒（1.16 g）,每日3次,4周后观察临床疗效。结果：87例患者中治愈47例,好转21例,未愈19例,有效率78.2%。结论：葛兰心宁软胶囊可明显缓解冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病不稳定心绞痛患者的临床症状,且不良反应小。