睡眠呼吸暂停患者肋间外肌氧化应激的研究

目的 探索睡眠呼吸暂停(OSAS)患者的肋间外肌是否存在氧化应激及其可能的进一步损害.方法 按照特定的标准经过测试确定16例OSAS患者,采用免疫印迹等方法测定其肋间外肌还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、蛋白质羰基化以及丙二醛一蛋白质加合物,并与16例非OSAS受试者进行比较.结果 OSAS患者的用力呼气容积(FEV)、用力肺活量(FVC)、睡眠最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)和最大通气量(MVV)明显低于非OSAS对照组(P＜0.001或0.05);睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)和功能残气量(FRC)则明显高于对照组(P＜0.001或P＜0.05).OSAS患者肋间外肌的还原型谷胱甘肽明显降低(P＜0.001),蛋白质羰基化水平和丙二醛(MDA)-蛋白加合物明显上升(P＜0.001或P＜0.05).结论 OSAS患者肋间外肌氧化应激水平升高,并伴有蛋白质氧化应激损伤.     

Kaempferol induces apoptosis in human lung non-small carcinoma cells accompanied by an induction of antioxidant enzymes.

Kaempferol (3, 4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is one of the most commonly found dietary flavonols. The biological and pharmacological effects of kaempferol may depend upon its behavior as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant. However, the clear biological effects of prooxidant or antioxidant character of kaempferol has not been clarified yet. The overall objective of the present study is to explore the role of prooxidant or antioxidant in kaempferol-induced cell toxicity. In this paper, we have proved that antioxidant pathway may be involved in kaempferol induces H460 cell apoptosis. Kaempferol-induced H460 cell apoptosis is a typical apoptosis that was accompanied by a significant DNA condensation and increasing intracellular ATP levels. Kaempferol-induced apoptosis is related to its ability to change the expression of apoptotic markers, such as caspase-3 (caspase-dependent) and AIF (caspase-independent). The overexpression of antioxidant enzyme Mn SOD protein levels, which was promoted to a new type tumor suppressor gene in several human cancer cells recently, may be an important role in kaempferol-induced H460 cell apoptosis.     

Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on lead-induced oxidative damage

Recent studies have shown that lead (Pb) could disrupt the prooxidant/antioxidant balance of tissue which leads to biochemical and physiological dysfunction. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin polyphenols component, is found to be an effective antioxidant. The present study investigated whether EGCG administration could reverse the changes on redox states in rat hippocampus caused by lead exposure. The association between redox status changes and long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1 area of hippocampus were also examined. Wistar rats exposed to lead from postnatal day 1 were followed by 10 days of EGCG (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) administration through intraperitoneally (ip), and the rats were sacrificed for experiments at the age of 21–23 days. The experimental results showed that glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased accompanied with LTP amplitude decrease in CA1 area of hippocampus in the lead-exposed group. EGCG supplementation following lead intoxication resulted in increases in the GSH and SOD levels and increases in the LTP amplitude. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a major lipid peroxidation byproduct, increased following lead exposure and decreased following EGCG treatment. In hippocampal neuron culture model, lead exposure (20 μM) significantly inhibited the viability of neurons which was followed by an accumulation of ROS and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ_m). Treatment by EGCG (10–50 μM) effectively increased cell viability, decreased ROS formation and improved ΔΨ_m in hippocampal neurons exposed to lead. These observations suggest that EGCG is a potential complementary agent in the treatment of chronic lead intoxication through its antioxidative character.     

The changes of antioxidant defense system caused by quercetin administration do not lead to DNA damage and apoptosis in the spleen and bone marrow cells of rats.

Quercetin may have the opposite effect, namely anti- as well as pro-oxidant. The aim of this study was to assess the results of quercetin anti- and/or pro-oxidant activity in the bone marrow and spleen cells of rats. The experimental rats were treated daily, with quercetin in a dose of 8 or 80mg/kg b.w. by gavage for 40 days. The intracellular redox state in cells were assessed by measuring the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) level and malonodialdehyde concentration. HO-1 mRNA expression was examined with real-time PCR. The extent of DNA damage was determined by the alkaline-labile comet assay. A potential pro-apoptotic quercetin action was determined using the FITC-Annexin V kit. The quercetin and isorhamnetin concentrations in serum were analyzed by HPLC-ECD. MDA concentration and FRAP values, were significantly decreased in the spleen and bone marrow cells of rats treated with quercetin, in a dose of 80mg/kg b.w. in comparison with the control rats; no significant changes were observed after quercetin was administered in a dose ten times as low. Treatment with quercetin dose-dependently upregulated the expression of HO-1 mRNA in the bone marrow cells. Quercetin administration to the rats did not induce either DNA damage or apoptosis in the examined cells. The results of our study prove that changes in the antioxidant state, caused by quercetin, do not lead to DNA damage or exert any pro-apoptotic activity in vivo.     

依达拉奉对H2O2致星形胶质细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:观察依达拉奉(EDA)对H2O2损伤后的星形胶质细胞活力的影响及其细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达的影响.方法:应用MTT法检测星形胶质细胞活力;Tietze法检测细胞内GSH含量;Western-blot法检测细胞内iNOS的表达.结果:H2O2作用24 h后可呈浓度依赖性地抑制星形胶质活力;EDA可逆转H2O2导致的星形胶质细胞活力的下降,胞内GSH含量的降低以及iNOS表达的增加.结论:EDA可改善H2O2所致的星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤.     

Silymarin prevents adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats

Adriamycin is a potent anticancer agent, its clinical use is limited for its marked cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of the natural antioxidant silymarin on ADR-induced heart and kidney toxicity. Studies were performed on four groups of rats. 1--control group, 2--silymarin group (50 mg/kg), 3--adriamycin group (10 mg/kg), 4--adriamycin+silymarin group. On the third day after ADR injection, plasma was separated for determination of LDH, CPK, cholesterol and total lipids. 30 days after ADR injection, plasma was separated for determination of creatinine and urea levels. Frozen heart specimens (72 h) and frozen kidney specimens (30days) were used for estimation of lipid peroxides and GSH contents. Histopathological examinations of heart and kidney sections were also done. Pretreatment of ADR-treated rats with silymarin resulted in a significant decrease in the plasma CPK, LDH, creatinine and urea. On the other hand silymarin pretreatment did not change ADR-induced hyperlipidemia. Silymarin pretreatment significantly decreased the myocardial MDA contents. In addition, silymarin pretreatment normalized renal tissue contents of MDA and GSH. Histopathological examination of heart and kidney sections revealed that ADR caused only mild myocardial injury in silymarin pretreated rats. Also, silymarin pretreatment inhibited ADR-induced renal tubular damage in rats. These results have suggested that, silymarin ameliorated ADR-induced cardiotoxicity and protected against ADR-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. The mechanisms of silymarin induced protection against ADR-induced toxicities were proved to be due to inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protection against GSH depletion.     

GSH对砷氧化损伤保护作用的研究

[目的]研究细胞内谷胱甘肽（GSH）对砷致人角质形成细胞系（HacaT）氧化损伤的保护作用。[方法]用流式细胞仪检测细胞内二氯荧光素（DCF）的荧光强度；用改良硫代巴比妥酸荧光法测定细胞内丙二醛（MDA）含量。[结果]单独用NaAsO2作用后，DCF荧光强度和MDA含量与对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），用N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）预处理后，细胞内DCF荧光强度和MDA含量与砷作用组相比差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），其中MDA达到对照组水平。用丁硫氨酸亚矾胺（BSO）预处理细胞后，DCF荧光强度和MDA含量与NaAsO2单独作用组相比明显增高（P〈0．05）。[结论]NAC可减轻砷对细胞的氧化损伤，而BSO则可加重其氧化损伤，说明细胞内的GSH可对砷引起的氧化损伤起一定的保护作用。     

两种主要还原性药物对血糖测定的影响

目的:探讨维生素C(Vc)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对葡萄糖氧化酶过氧化物酶(GOD)法,电极法测定血糖的影响。方法:用GOD法、电极法分别测定加入不同浓度的Vc、GSH混合血清,对其结果进行分析、比较。结果:Vc、GSH对GOD法有显著负干扰作用,测定值与干扰物浓度成负相关关系,相关系数r分别为:-0.8389、-0.9694、-0.9965、-0.9944。其中Vc的干扰作用大于GSH,当Vc浓度达到4000mg/L时,影响度超过95%,血糖值甚至测不出来,而电极法则不受Vc、GSH影响,t检验P>0.05,前后无差别。结论:在用GOD法测定血糖时,应考虑药物的干扰,电极法则能有效排除这些干扰,当血糖值过低时,采用两种不同方法进行测定,可有效区分真性低血糖与假性低血糖。     

Effects of Mangifera indica L. aqueous extract (Vimang) on primary culture of rat hepatocytes

Vimang is an aqueous extract from stem bark of Mangifera indica L. (Mango) with pharmacological properties. It is a mixture of polyphenols (as main components), terpenoids, steroids, fatty acids and microelements. In the present work we studied the cytotoxic effects of Vimang on rat hepatocytes, possible interactions of the extract with drug-metabolizing enzymes and its effects on GSH levels and lipid peroxidation. No cytotoxic effects were observed after 24 h exposure to Vimang of up to 1000 μg/mL, while a moderate cytotoxicity was observed after 48 and 72 h of exposure at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 μg/mL). The effect of the extract (50–400 μg/mL) on several P450 isozymes was evaluated. Exposure of hepatocytes to Vimang at concentrations of up to 100 μg/mL produced a significant reduction (60%) in 7-methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase (MROD; CYP1A2) activity, an increase (50%) in 7-penthoxyresorufin-O-depentylase (PROD; CYP2B1) activity, while no significant effect was observed with other isozymes. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the modulation of the activity of the P450 system by an extract of Mangifera indica L. The antioxidant properties of Vimang were also evaluated in t-butyl-hydroperoxide-treated hepatocytes. A 36-h pre-treatment of cells with Vimang (25–200 μg/mL) strongly inhibited the decrease of GSH levels and lipid peroxidation induced by t-butyl-hydroperoxide dose- and time-dependently.     

UVA light in vivo reaches the nucleus of the guinea pig lens and produces deleterious,oxidative effects

The possible role of ultraviolet light in the formation of cataract is not well understood. In this study, guinea pigs were exposed to a chronic, low level of UVA light (0.5 mWcm(-2), 340-410 nm wavelength, peak at 365 nm) for 4-5 months. It is known that the lens of the guinea pig possesses unusually high levels of the UVA chromophore NADPH. In a preliminary analysis, it was found that isolated guinea pig corneas transmitted 70-90% of 340-400 nm light, and that UVA radiation was able to penetrate deep into the nucleus of the guinea pig lens, where it was absorbed. Exposure of guinea pigs to UVA in vivo produced a 60% inactivation of lens epithelial catalase; however, analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed no apparent morphological effects on either the lens epithelium or the cortex. A number of UVA-induced effects were found in the nucleus of the guinea pig lens, but were observed either not at all or to a lesser extent in the cortex. The effects included an increase in light scattering (two-fold; slit-lamp examination), distention of intercellular spaces (TEM), an increase in lipid peroxidation (30-35%; infrared spectroscopy), a decrease in GSH level (30%), an increase in protein-thiol mixed disulfide levels (80%), loss of water-soluble protein (20%), an increase in the amount of protein disulfide (two-fold; two-dimensional diagonal electrophoresis), degradation of MIP26 (15%) and loss of cytoskeletal proteins including actin, alpha- and beta- tubulin, vimentin and alpha-actinin (60-100%). The results indicate that a 4-5 month exposure of guinea pigs to a biologically relevant level of UVA light produces deleterious effects on the central region of the lenses of the animals. UVA radiation, coupled presumably with the photoreactive UVA chromophore NADPH and trace amounts of O(2) present in the lens nucleus, produced significant levels of oxidized products in the nuclear region over a five month period. The data demonstrate the potentially harmful nature of UVA light with respect to the lens, and highlight the importance of investigating a possible role for this type of radiation in the formation of human cataract.