质子泵抑制剂用于肝硬化患者的疗效评估

目的观察质子泵抑制剂(PPI)对肝硬化患者临床症状、肝功能的影响。方法比较32例肝硬化患者PPI治疗前后肝功能、凝血功能、肝脏影像学、临床症状、并发症及不良反应等,分析PPI用于肝硬化的疗效。结果 PPI治疗后患者临床症状明显缓解,治疗前后症状对比为腹水为20例vs 4例(P=0.000),乏力为27例vs 10例(P=0.000),纳差为21例vs 6例(P=0.001)。门静脉内径较治疗前显著减小(后前对比):13.00 mm±1.08 mm vs 13.70 mm±1.38 mm(P=0.000)。PPI治疗后Child-Pugh评分较治疗前明显改善:Child A级为20例vs 10例,Child B级为10例vs 18例,Child C级为2例vs 4例(P=0.002)。PPI治疗1周前后ALT:44.30 u/L±22.72 u/L vs 36.02 u/L±22.63 u/L(P=0.001)。ALB较治疗前升高,TBIL下降,但差异均无统计学意义。观察期内,发生自发性腹膜炎者2例,并发肝肾综合征2例,其中1例死亡;发生肝性脑病者4例经治疗后均好转。结论 PPI用于肝硬化治疗,可减少肝功能损害、减轻门脉高压症及缓解临床症状;肝硬化患者应用PPI并不增加本病并发症的发生率,亦未见其他明显不良反应可能有益。     

经食管黏膜下隧道内镜治疗胃底贲门固有肌层肿物的价值

目的 探讨经食管黏膜下隧道治疗胃底贲门部固有肌层起源肿物的的应用价值.方法 2011年1月至2011年12月间经超声内镜诊断胃底贲门固有肌层起源肿物18例,行经食管黏膜下隧道法内镜切除术,随访观察治疗效果.结果 18例患者治疗均取得成功,剥离病变大小0.7～7.2cm,平均大小约(2.43 ± 1.91)cm,病变均完整切除.术中出现腹膜后、纵隔、皮下气肿2例,3d后自行吸收.术后24h内出现发热1例,伴有WBC升高,抗炎对症处理后第2天完全缓解.无严重出血、穿孔及死亡病例.所有病例术后3d可正常进流质食,1周后复查食管隧道愈合创面形成.结论 内镜经食管黏膜下隧道技术是胃底贲门部固有肌层起源肿物剥离切除安全有效的方法,能有效降低内镜切除胃底贲门部固有肌层病变的难度.     

RENAL EFFECTS OF CARDIAC ANGIOGRAPHY WITH DIFFERENT LOW-OSMOLAR CONTRAST MEDIA

The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal effects of cardiac angiography performed with three low-osmolar contrast media (CM): iopromide (IPR), ioversol (IVR) and ioxaglate (IOX). IPR and IVR are non-ionic CM, IOX is an ionic CM. Different parameters of renal function were determined before and 6, 24, 48, 72 hrs after angiography in 45 patients: 15 patients were examined with IPR, 15 with IVR and 15 with IOX. Glomerular effects – Plasma creatinine increased slightly at the 24th hour after IVR and IOX and at 48 hours after IOP. A significant increase in plasma β2-microglobulin was observed, at the same time, only after IOX. A significant decrease in creatinine clearance was found at 6 hours after IOX. No significant variations in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and in effective renal plasma flow were found at 48 hours after cardiac angiography; while filtration fraction was significantly reduced after IOP and IOX. Tubular effects – A marked decrease in sodium clearance and a relevant increase of urinary activities of different tubular enzymes were found after cardiac angiography with all CM, but were more evident after the ionic CM IOX, than after the two non-ionic agents. These tubular effects reached the maximum between 6 and 24 hours and returned to baseline within 72 hrs after cardiac angiography. In conclusion, slight glomerular effects were observed mainly after IOX. A reversible tubular malfunction was found with the three low-osmolar CM and was more evident after ionic CM IOX, thus suggesting that other mechanisms, besides osmolarity, play a role in tubular toxicity due to CM. In no patient did the glomerular and tubular effects of CM have a clinical relevance.     

心血管病介入诊疗程序中第一术者有效剂量估算方法的比较研究

目的 通过模拟实验测量,比较国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）139号报告推荐的4种单双剂量计算法对估算心血管介入诊疗程序中第一术者有效剂量之间的差异,以探讨这4种算法对介入诊疗场景的适用性。方法 模拟第一术者的男性躯干模体穿戴铅衣和铅围脖,在其体内布放热释光探测器,在其铅衣内外布放热释光个人剂量计,模拟心血管病介入诊疗场景,通过模拟测量得到的器官剂量计算第一术者的有效剂量,与通过个人剂量计及4种单双剂量计算法得到的结果进行比较。结果 在本实验条件下,由模拟测量计算得到的有效剂量为0.581 mSv;而用Swiss ordinance法、McEwan法、Von Boetticher法与Martin-Magee法估算得到的有效剂量分别为0.667、0.484、0.485和0.726 mSv,与模拟测量得到的有效剂量的相对偏差分别为14.8%、-16.7%、-16.5%和24.9%。结论 4种计算方法得到第一术者有效剂量与模拟测量结果均有较大的差异;从辐射防护观点出发,推荐使用Swiss ordinance法开展心血管病介入诊疗程序中第一术者的个人剂量监测。     

The missing link between action and cognition

The study of the neural correlates of motor behaviour at the systems level has received increasing consideration in recent years. One emerging observation from this research is that neural regions typically associated with cognitive operations may also be recruited during the performance of motor tasks. This apparent convergence between action and cognition - domains that have most often been studied in isolation - becomes especially apparent when examining new complex motor skills such as those involving sequencing or coordination, and when taking into account external (environment-related) factors such as feedback availability and internal (performer-related) factors such as pathology. Neurally, overlap between action and cognition is prominent in frontal lobe areas linked to response selection and monitoring. Complex motor tasks are particularly suited to reveal the crucial link between action and cognition and the generic brain areas at the interface between these domains.     

广州某地下人防工事空气氡浓度监测分析

目的 了解广州某地下人防工事空气氡浓度水平及其变化规律。方法 采用RAD7型测氡仪对指挥中心、通道等场所进行瞬时氡浓度测量与分析,并粗略估算氡及其子体所致工作人员年有效剂量。结果 指挥中心、无线通讯室、中央主通道和仓库区通道这4个有人员停留的主要工作场所的日间氡浓度均值分别为106.7、98.4、129.0、111.1 Bq/m³,总体平均为111.0 Bq/m³。²²²Rn子体所致工作人员的年有效剂量当量为0.400 mSv/a。结论 不同场所的氡浓度不尽相同,且其受通风、排水等人为活动的影响呈不同的变化规律。     

黄芪-丹参药对治疗缺血性脑卒中研究进展

脑卒中,中医俗称“中风”,是致人死亡的主要原因之一,其分为缺血性和出血性两类。中医认为“气虚血瘀” 是缺血性脑卒中的主要病机,“气虚”是发病之本,“血瘀”乃病发展之核心。急性缺血性脑卒中会导致血-脑屏障破坏、神经元坏死、细胞毒性以及血管源性水肿、炎性反应等。临床实践表明,黄芪-丹参是中药治疗缺血性脑卒中的重要药对,且使用频率位于前列,临床疗效较好。研究发现黄芪-丹参药对中,黄芪具有抗凋亡、抗炎、扩张血管、改善血行的作用,丹参能增加微循环血流量,明显减轻脑水肿,从而保护脑细胞。黄芪、丹参不管是进行有效组分配伍还是药对直接进行配伍,不仅对于急性缺血性脑卒中疗效显著,还可以缓解脑缺血再灌注损伤,且对于预后作用明显,两药相辅相成,有望成为治疗缺血性脑卒中的理想药物。     

Short-term results of long biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass—is it superior?

ObjectivesTo compare the short-term safety and effectiveness of long biliopancreatic limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to that of regular RYGB.SettingAcademic hospital, United States.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on 89 consecutive patients who underwent RYGB between February 4, 2014 and March 12, 2015. Of these, 43 underwent long biliopancreatic limb RYGB (150 versus 60 cm, with 100-cm Roux limb).ResultsBaseline characteristics including sex, preoperative body mass index, and co-morbidities were similar between the long- and regular-limb RYGB patients. Long-limb patients were older than regular-limb patients. The median length of hospital stay was similar (2 d for both groups). In the long-limb RYGB group, the mean percentage of excess body mass index loss was 50.3%, 71.4%, 75.8%, and 80.5% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the procedure, respectively. In the regular-limb RYGB group, the mean excess body mass index loss was 51.8%, 71.7%, 69.3%, and 68.5% during the same follow-up period. No significant difference in weight loss was observed between the 2 groups at any time point. Two patients in each group required 30-day readmission (4.7% and 4.3%). Two patients in each group required 30-day reoperation. One death occurred in the regular limb group due to a cerebrovascular accident after discharge.ConclusionsShort-term results show that long biliopancreatic limb RYGB was not associated with a more significant weight loss after RYGB. The 2 procedures were similar in 30-day complications.     

BPBSAM: Body part-specific burn severity assessment model

Background and objectiveBurns are a serious health problem leading to several thousand deaths annually, and despite the growth of science and technology, automated burns diagnosis still remains a major challenge. Researchers have been exploring visual images-based automated approaches for burn diagnosis. Noting that the impact of a burn on a particular body part can be related to the skin thickness factor, we propose a deep convolutional neural network based body part-specific burns severity assessment model (BPBSAM).MethodConsidering skin anatomy, BPBSAM estimates burn severity using body part-specific support vector machines trained with CNN features extracted from burnt body part images. Thus BPBSAM first identifies the body part of the burn images using a convolutional neural network in training of which the challenge of limited availability of burnt body part images is successfully addressed by using available larger-size datasets of non-burn images of different body parts considered (face, hand, back, and inner forearm). We prepared a rich labelled burn images datasets: BI & UBI and trained several deep learning models with existing models as pipeline for body part classification and feature extraction for severity estimation.ResultsThe proposed novel BPBSAM method classified the severity of burn from color images of burn injury with an overall average F1 score of 77.8% and accuracy of 84.85% for the test BI dataset and 87.2% and 91.53% for the UBI dataset, respectively. For burn images body part classification, the average accuracy of around 93% is achieved, and for burn severity assessment, the proposed BPBSAM outperformed the generic method in terms of overall average accuracy by 10.61%, 4.55%, and 3.03% with pipelines ResNet50, VGG16, and VGG19, respectively.ConclusionsThe main contributions of this work along with burn images labelled datasets creation is that the proposed customized body part-specific burn severity assessment model can significantly improve the performance in spite of having small burn images dataset. This highly innovative customized body part-specific approach could also be used to deal with the burn region segmentation problem. Moreover, fine tuning on pre-trained non-burn body part images network has proven to be robust and reliable.