早期鼻饲生大黄粉防治重型颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的临床研究

目的研究重型颅脑损伤后早期鼻饲生大黄粉对防治上消化道出血的作用.方法选择GCS3～8分重型颅脑损伤患者90例,随机选45例(实验组)伤后早期(24～48h)鼻饲生大黄粉,另45例(对照组)未予生大黄粉治疗.所有患者其他治疗措施均基本相同.结果39例患者出现上消化道出血.其中实验组14例,有13例上消化道出血治愈,治愈时间(7.6±2.5)d;对照组25例,有16例上消化道出血治愈,治愈时间(13.4±3.3)d.实验组上消化道出血率和上消化道出血治愈平均时间均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),而上消化道出血治愈率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论早期鼻饲生大黄粉能有效防治重型颅脑损伤后并发上消化道出血,值得临床推广应用.     

Current treatment options for abnormal uterine bleeding: an evidence-based approach

Heavy menstrual bleeding is the predominant complaint in women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Treatment options are drug therapy, and first- and second-generation endometrial resection. Many women will subsequently have a hysterectomy. Uterine fibroids are the most common solid pelvic tumours in women, and although many fibroids seem to cause no symptoms, they can have serious adverse effects and impact on quality of life. As women postpone having children, gynaecologists will have to manage fibroids and polyps in a conservative manner. The past decade has witnessed the development of highly sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic technology for women suffering from menorrhagia, fibroids and polyps, including minimally invasive uterine therapy. The tools currently at our disposal permit greater management flexibility, which must be tailored to the individual clinical situation. This chapter reviews the evidence-based approach and minimally invasive therapy.     

新式非脱垂子宫阴式全子宫切除术45例报告

目的探讨非脱垂子宫经阴道改良切除的可行性及方法。方法将103例子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌瘤、功能性子宫出血等需行全子宫切除术的患者随机分为两组，常规经腹式全子宫切除术(腹式组)58例，经阴道全子宫切除术(阴式组)45例，比较两种手术方法的优劣。结果阴式组较腹式组手术时间短，术中出血少，术后痛苦少；48h内肛门排气阴式组40例(88．9％)，腹式组31例(53．4％)；平均住院天数阴式组5．1d，腹式组7．1d。结论新式非脱垂子宫的阴式全子宫切除术相对于经腹式全子宫切除术有一定的优势，但要严格选择其手术适应证。     

Primary aortoduodenal fistula caused by duodenal tuberculosis without an abdominal aortic aneurysm: Report of a case

A 66-year-old man died of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by a fistula between the third portion of the duodenum and the abdominal aorta. An autopsy revealed that duodenal tuberculosis had resulted in the development of a fistula into the aorta with no pathological changes, and no active pulmonary tuberculosis was found. Duodenal tuberculosis and primary aortoduodenal fistula (ADF) without an aneurysm are both extremely rare. Thus, we report herein a unique case of primary aortoduodenal fistula without an abdominal aortic aneurysm, but associated with duodenal tuberculosis, and review the current literature.     

Atypical Allergic Colitis in Preterm Infants

ABSTRACT. Two atypical cases of colitis due to cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) are reported, affecting preterm infants. One developed a toxic dilatation of the colon and responded well to a casein hydrolysate based feed. The second presented insidiously and failed to tolerate a casein hydrolysate, but responded well to a chicken-based modular feed.     

晚期产后出血问题的探讨(附52例临床分析)

本文对52例晚期产后出血病例进行了分析,结果认为晚期产后出血与感染密切有关;在处理上诊断性刮宫仍是重要措施之一,并提出对存在感染因素的产妇,术前、产前应用抗菌素预防感染.在剖宫产过程中,可用含抗生素的溶液冲洗宫腔,以达到预防感染的目的。     

Caesarean scar pregnancy

Caesarean scar pregnancy is one of the rarest forms of ectopic pregnancy. Little is known about its incidence and natural history. With increasing incidence of caesarean section worldwide, more and more cases are diagnosed and reported. Transvaginal ultrasound and colour flow Doppler provides a high diagnostic accuracy with very few false positives. A delay in diagnosis and/or treatment can lead to uterine rupture, major haemorrhage, hysterectomy and serious maternal morbidity. Early diagnosis can offer treatment options of avoiding uterine rupture and haemorrhage, thus preserving the uterus and future fertility. Management plan should be individually tailored. Available data suggest that termination of pregnancy is the treatment of choice in the first trimester soon after the diagnosis. Expectant treatment has a poor prognosis because of risk of rupture. There are no reliable scientific data on the risk of recurrence of the condition in future pregnancy, role of the interval between the previous caesarean delivery and occurrence of caesarean scar pregnancy, and effect of caesarean wound closure technique on caesarean scar pregnancy. In this article, we aim to find the demography, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, most appropriate methods of diagnosis and management, with their implications in clinical practice for this condition.     

Measurement of degraded fecal hemoglobin-heme to estimate gastrointestinal site of occult bleeding appraisal of its clinical utility

Hemoglobin-heme is variably converted to porphyrin during enterocolic transit. This intestinal converted fraction, as measured by HemoQuant, was elevated as a predictor of the occult bleeding site in 152 patients with discrete lesions. The intestinal converted fraction, expressed as the percentage of total fecal hemoglobin, was similar with upper gastrointestinal and proximal colon lesions. Within the colon, values trended downward with more distal location: means ± standard deviations were 18±14 proximal colon, 16 ±15 sigmoid, and 10±10 rectum. The amount of fecal blood also affected the intestinal converted fraction; correcting for hemoglobin concentration improved separation by site. Corrected intestinal converted fraction values were significantly lower with rectal (P< 0.0005) and sigmoid (P<0.02) lesions than with proximal colon lesions. Unfortunately, large within-site variation caused considerable overlap between sites. We conclude that the intestinal converted fraction is influenced by the site and amount of bleeding. However, its clinical utility is compromised by substantial individual differences in luminal hemoglobin metabolism.Presented in part at the Annual meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association in San Francisco in May of 1986 (Gastroenterology 90:1431, 1986).Supported by the Mayo Foundation.     

上消化道出血798例分析

目的　探讨上消化道出血的病因和相关因素。方法　回顾性分析我院 8年来 798例上消化道出血病人的临床资料。结果　男性并发上消化道出血占 80 .2 0 %、女性占 19.80 % ,男性明显高于女性 (χ2 =6 .5 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;青年人、中年人及老年人各占 2 7.82 %、5 7.6 1%和 14 .5 7% (P <0 .0 1) ,老年人合并重度上消化道出血多见 ;不同性别、年龄者出血的原因不尽相同。结论　上消化道出血的病人以消化性溃疡、胃癌、急性胃粘膜损害、食道胃底静脉曲张为最常见的病因 ,性别、年龄等均为上消化道出血的相关因素     

分娩时子宫下段MMP-9及其组织抑制剂TIMP-1的变化

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)及其组织抑制剂(TIMP)在分娩发动、宫颈成熟和扩张中的作用和机制.方法:采用ELISA方法测定子宫下段组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度.有宫缩剖宫产组56例,其中第一产程组44例,第二产程组12例.以无宫缩剖宫产组16例为对照组.结果:有宫缩剖宫产组子宫下段组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度分别明显高于无宫缩剖宫产组(P<0.05,P<0.05).第一产程组中随宫口开大,MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度各组间无显著性差异.第二产程组MMP-9和TIMP-1的浓度分别明显高于第一产程组(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论:MMPs和TIMPs的动态变化是分娩发动、宫颈成熟和扩张过程中的重要中间环节.