基于晶闸管导通角控制的脉宽调制旋转阳极控制技术的设计与实验

针对X线检查大型医疗设备整机价格昂贵、维保费用高、生命周期短、场地要求严苛等问题,研究一种能够应用于教学示教及技能培训、故障演练测试的教学器具,结合旋转阳极电路的基本功能要素,涵盖高压启动、低压维持、延时保护、运转检测等基本流程,结果表明,该装置能够准确地演练实际工作环境,起到培育医疗设备维修人员检修旋转阳极时所需要的实际技能的作用,降低了实际教学成本,满足了工位数需求,增加了实践动手训练机会,提升了技能培训效果。     

The association of nurses' assessment and certainty to pain management and outcomes for nursing home residents in Jordan

Despite advances in dementia care, pain in people with dementia is still undertreated due to poor assessment, poor treatment, and factors relating to nurses' critical thinking and decision-making skills. The purpose of the study is to examine temporally based relationships between change in behavior, the nurses' level of certainty regarding pain, assessment scope, and outcomes of pain. The findings of the study were consistent with the Response to Certainty of Pain model. This study found high percentage of variances accounted for by nurses' level of certainty due to potential unexpected confounding variables. This study may provide a new understanding of the relationship between nurses' certainty, assessment scope, and patient outcomes for people with dementia. Improved understanding of this relationship and how it relates to the problem of unrelieved pain in people with dementia is crucial.     

美国马里兰州医院支付体系及其启示

自1977年以来,美国马里兰州医院体系一直执行统一的收费标准,称之为All-payer system。该支付体系最大特点是:对于在同一医院就诊的患者,无论其是否参与任何形式的保险,都按照统一的支付标准向医院支付费用。其优点在于通过政府主导方式对医院体系面临的市场失灵的风险以及医院承担的重要社会责任需消耗的成本进行补偿,有效控制医院成本并促进效率提高。