正交试验法优选虫草鸡精制备工艺

目的 优选虫草鸡精制备工艺。方法 以甘露醇含量、多糖含量及澄清度为指标，采用L9（3^4)正交试验法进行优选。结果 优选的工艺为：加水量为生药量的10倍，提取3次，每次1h，合并提取液，浓缩至1：5（生药：药液)，温度为60℃的条件下加入0.15％的壳聚糖（W/W）。结论 优选的制备工艺稳定可行。     

3种虫草抗氧化活性的研究

目的研究蒙山虫草、蛹虫草、冬虫夏草等 3种虫草水提液的抗氧化活性 ,并考察实验条件对结果的影响。方法采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定 3种虫草的抗氧化活性。结果 3种虫草的抗氧化活性都较强 ,且比较接近。结论 3种虫草具有较强的抗氧化活性 ,具有延缓衰老的功效。     

当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响

目的:观察当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响.方法:制作离体子宫平滑肌肌条,考察催产素、高钾去极化溶液存在条件下当归精油对子宫肌条反应的影响.结果:当归精油对催产素及高K 去极化液中Ca2 所致的离体子宫平滑肌收缩均呈剂量依赖性抑制;使CaCl2累积量-效曲线非平行性右移,最大效应下降,呈非竞争性抑制;且对子宫平滑肌依细胞内、外Ca2 两种收缩成分均呈抑制作用.结论:当归精油对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌条的抑制作用,可能与其拮抗Ca2 有关.     

冬虫夏草提取物延缓衰老实验研究

目的 :观察冬虫夏草提取物 (CSE)对实验性衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用及机制。方法 :以D-半乳糖致亚急性衰老小鼠为模型 ,同时给予CSE 1,2 ,4g·kg^-1治疗 ,6周后 ,以学习记忆成绩、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、脑中单胺氧化酶 (MAO)、Na⁺ K⁺ ATP酶、过氧化脂质为指标 ,观察CSE延缓衰老作用。结果 :表明CSE能有效提高衰老小鼠的学习记忆成绩 ,不同程度提高衰老小鼠肝、脑、红细胞SOD及全血GSH-Px ,CAT活性 ,提高脑中Na⁺ K⁺ ATP酶活性 ,降低脑中MAO活性 ,降低肝、脑MDA含量。结论 :CSE能有效防止D 半乳糖致衰老小鼠的多项衰老体征的出现 ,具有明显的延缓衰老作用 ,其作用机理可能与其提高抗氧化酶活性、清除自由基、减少过氧化脂质的生成有关。     

中华硬蜱叮刺宿主后免疫相互作用的研究

在实验室条件控制下,中华硬蜱重复叮咬家兔后吸血量明显减少,初次叮咬后吸血增重233.78±44.71mg,第二和第三次叮咬分别下降至67.03±25.18mg和80.23±29.96mg(P<0.001)。被咬后的家兔血清经ELISA测定其体内蜱抗体(OD值0.48)较对照组家兔(OD值0.08)显著高(P<0.01)。免疫后家兔其~3H-TdR淋巴细胞转化试验和皮肤试验与对照组家兔有显著差异,表明家兔对中华硬蜱叮咬所产生的获得住免疫力,包括宿主的体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

大孔树脂联用硅胶柱色谱法富集制备人工蛹虫草中虫草素的工艺研究

目的优选一种简单快捷分离制备人工蛹虫草中虫草素的工艺。方法首先考察7种不同极性的大孔树脂,优选出最佳吸附树脂,然后对树脂富集虫草素的吸附量、洗脱剂浓度、洗脱体积等工艺进行考察,最后对硅胶柱洗脱剂比例等条件进行考察,优选出最佳的硅胶柱分离洗脱剂。结果根据实验考察数据得出最佳工艺条件:大孔树脂型号为HPD-D,树脂对虫草提取液(0.1 mg/m L)的吸附量为2树脂床体积(2BV),用20%乙醇,洗脱体积为3BV可将虫草素洗脱完全,硅胶柱洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯∶丙酮(2∶1),分离制得虫草素晶体纯度约为93.60%。结论优选出的人工蛹虫草中虫草素的富集分离工艺简单快捷,适用于大规模生产制备虫草素。     

Anti-cancer effect of Cordyceps militaris in human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells via cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis

Background

Cordyceps militaris has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for a long time. Different types of Cordyceps extract were reported to have various pharmacological activities including an anti-cancer effect. We investigated the inhibitory effect of Cordyceps militaris ethanol extract on a human colorectal cancer-derived cell line, RKO.

Methods

RKO cells were treated with various concentrations of nucleosides-enriched ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris for 48 h and cytotoxicity was measured using a CCK-8 assay. Then, xenograft Balb/c nude mice were injected with RKO cells and subsequently orally administered with ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris every day for 3 weeks to examine the inhibitory effect on tumor growth. Lastly, the effect of Cordyceps militaris on cell cycle as well as apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Also, the expression of p53, caspase 9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bim, Bax, Bak, and Bad were detected using western blot assay.

Results

RKO cells were highly susceptible to the ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris (CME) and the growth of RKO cells-derived tumor was significantly delayed by the treatment of Cordyceps militaris. Cordyceps militaris induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase (untreated; 20.5 %, CME 100 μg/ml; 61.67 %, CME 300 μg/ml; 66.33 %) and increased early apoptosis (untreated; 1.01 %, CME 100 μg/ml; 8.48 %, CME 300 μg/ml; 18.07 %). The expression of p53, cleaved caspase 9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bim, Bak, and Bad were upregulated by the treatment of Cordyceps militaris.

Conclusion

Ethanol extract of Cordyceps militaris was highly cytotoxic to human colorectal carcinoma RKO cells and inhibited the growth of tumor in xenograft model. The anti-tumor effect of Cordyceps militaris was associated with an induction of cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.     

Immune Activation by a Sterile Aqueous Extract of Cordyceps Sinensis: Mechanism of Action

Cordyceps sinensis is a fungus that has been used for over 2,000 years in China as a treatment for a variety of conditions including infectious diseases. The available evidence suggests a hypothesis that any efficacy of C. sinensis as an anti-infective therapeutic would be related to a role as an activator of innate immune responses. The objectives of this study were first to investigate the ability of C. sinensis to activate pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages in vitro and induce protective responses against intracellular pathogens in vivo, and second to characterize a method of action. We found that C. sinensis activates murine macrophages to produce a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IFN-γ synergizes with C. sinensis to amplify this response. Bacterial endotoxin contamination was ruled out as a potential artefact. The evidence presented in this study supports a hypothesis that C. sinensis activates macrophages by engaging Toll-like receptors and inducing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways characteristic of inflammatory stimuli.     

Immunomodulatory Activities of HERBSnSENSES™ Cordyceps — in Vitro and in Vivo Studies

The commercially available HERBSnSENSES? Cordyceps (HSCS) belongs to a cultivated strain of Cordyceps sinensis whose immunomodulatory activities has been renowned in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries. The present report is the first that describes its immunomodulatory features through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. We measured, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells the in vitro effects of HSCS on the gene expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors, cytokine release, and surface expression of cytokine receptors using cDNA expression array, cytometric bead array (CBA), and immunoflorescence staining, respectively, as well as macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H₂O₂ using flow cytometry. Sixty female BALB/c mice were fed with either HSCS (40 mg/kg/day) or water consecutively for 14 days. Proliferation, cytokine liberation, and CD3/4/8 expression of splenic cells were measured using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine proliferation ELISA, CBA, and cytometry immunoflorescence staining, respectively. In vitro results demonstrated that HSCS induced the production of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alphaα from PBMC, augmented surface expression of CD25 on lymphocytes, and elevated macrophage phagocytosis and monocyte production of H₂O₂. In vivo results showed that HSCS did not induce splenomegaly and cytokine overliberation. Our results possibly provide the biochemical basis for future clinical trials.     

冬虫夏草繁育品质量控制和药理活性研究进展

冬虫夏草为传统的名贵中药材,在中国有悠久的药用历史,具有补肾、益肺、止血、化痰的功效。近年来,冬虫夏草繁育品的研究获得突破,实现了冬虫夏草的大规模产业化繁育。冬虫夏草繁育品基原符合中国药典规定,与野生冬虫夏草相比,冬虫夏草繁育品不仅具有相似的化学成分和药理活性,还具有较低的重金属含量,安全性更容易控制。