An Automatic Bone Disorder Classification Using Hybrid Texture Feature Extraction with Bone Mineral Density

A novel approach has been proposed to classify bone disorders for classifying the radiographic bone image asnormal, Osteopenia and Osteoporosis. The proposed system consists of three major stages to predict the accurate bonedisorder classification. In the first stage, image preprocessing is performed where bilateral filtering is applied to removenoise and to enhance the image quality. Then, the image is fed to Otsu based segmentation approach for segmentingthe abnormal area of the bone image. In the second stage, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to the segmentedimage. Once the image gets segmented then, the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method is applied to extractthe features in terms of statistical texture-based. Further the image which is applied to Principle Component Analysis(PCA) to reduce size of the feature vector. Besides, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) feature namely calcium volume isestimated from abnormal region in the segmented bone image and it is concatenated with the extracted texture featuresto obtain the final feature vectors. In the final stage, the Multi-class Support Vector Machine (MSVM) takes featurevectors as a inputto classify bone disorders. The simulation result demonstrates that the proposed system achieved theaccuracy of 95.1% and sensitivity of 96.15%.     

Cavernous malformation within a schwannoma: review of the literature and hypothesis of a common genetic etiology

Summary The finding of cavernous malformations within tumors of the central or peripheral nervous system is a rare occurrence. We report a case of a histologically proven cavernous malformation found within an eighth cranial nerve schwannoma in a 76-year-old man. The patient presented with progressive loss of hearing on the left, facial pain and dysesthesia. Symptoms improved significantly after the tumor was subtotally resected through a left retrosigmoid craniotomy. Including the present report, 34 cases of cavernous malformations associated with tumors of nervous system origin, 24 cases (71%) involving tumors of Schwann cell origin, and 9 cases (26%) involving gliomas have been published. The cases were classified into two forms based on the type of association. Conjoined association, in which the cavernous malformation is located within the tissue of the nervous system tumor, and discrete association, in which the cavernous malformation and nervous system tumor are in separate locations. We explore the etiology of this association and hypothesize that a common genetic pathway may be involved in a majority of these cases.     

The co-occurrence of smoking and drinking among young adults in college: national survey results from the United States

BACKGROUND: In US colleges, alcohol and tobacco pose substantial health risks but little is known about their co-occurrence, limiting development and use of appropriately targeted prevention efforts. METHODS: Data from the 2001 HSPH College Alcohol Study (student n = 10,924; college n = 120) were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Co-occurring smoking/drinking risks were examined in aggregate, by gender, and by age of onset of regular drinking and smoking across 10 measures of drinking style, three categories of transitional drinking behavior, and by treatment behavior. RESULTS: Over 98% of current smokers drink; a fraction (<1%) of lifetime and 7% of past year alcohol abstainers smoke. Across drinking pattern measures, 44-59% of drinkers smoke. Co-occurrence risks are greatest among youth reporting high total alcohol consumption (adjusted OR 4.21, p < 0.0001), drinking problems (adjusted OR 3.31, p < 0.0001) or symptoms of diagnosable alcohol abuse (adjusted OR 3.02, p < 0.0001). Risks are sharply elevated among students who self-medicate for drinking problems and do not seek/receive help (adjusted OR 1.87, p < 0.0001), and those reporting symptoms of diagnosable alcohol abuse who may or may not seek/receive help (adjusted OR 2.67, p < 0.01 and 2.96, p < 0.01, respectively). Females and students reporting early adolescent onset of regular smoking are at greatest risk. CONCLUSIONS: Virtually all college smokers drink, and smoking and drinking are powerfully interrelated across drinking measures. Efficiency argues for jointly targeting both behaviors and developing interventions tailored to the special vulnerabilities of young women, students experiencing difficulties adjusting to college, and students reporting early onset of regular smoking.     

中国大陆地区针灸国际发文概况分析

目的:研究近10年中国大陆针灸学者在国际上的发文现状,国外刊发针灸文章的期刊发展情况,并了解针灸研究热点以及在国际上的发展概况,为相关研究及政策制定提供数据参考。方法:通过Pubmed和Embase数据库检索2007—2017年以"acupuncture""acupuncture therapy""electro-acupuncture""auricular acupuncture"等为主题词的文章,从中选取作者为中国大陆针灸学者的文章,并对其进行归纳分析。结果:本次研究共检索出文献1967篇,国外刊登针灸文献的期刊440种。其文献分为8种类型,187个病种。结论:中国大陆针灸学者在国外期刊上发文逐渐增多,国外刊登针灸文献的期刊逐年增多,说明针灸在国际上的交流热潮逐渐高涨,针灸真正走向了国际,这是针灸被国际认可形势发展的需要,反映了世界对针灸学术交流的重视。     

Occurrence of Crohn's disease with Parkinson’s disease

We retrospectively investigated the co-occurrence of Crohn's disease in a cohort of 876 patients with Parkinson’s disease, based on the observation that LRRK2 is a shared genetic risk factor. We identified 2 patients with Crohn's disease; this number was consistent with the number of cases expected in the general population.     

Behavioral comparisons in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Coordination Disorder: A systematic literature review

BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are developmental disorders that, since the DSM-5, can be diagnosed as co-occurring conditions. While some recent studies suggest that ASD and DCD have similar traits, others show clear behavioral distinctions between the two conditions. By gathering all studies that included (1) an ASD group and a DCD group, (2) an ASD + DCD group and a DCD group, or (3) ASD, ASD + DCD, and DCD groups, we aimed to identify similarities and differences in behaviors between the two disorders.MethodWe used a systematic search of PubMed (1946 –), Scopus (1970 –), PsycINFO (via EBSCO, 1600 –), CINAHL (via EBSCO, 1937 –), SportDiscus (via EBSCO, 1985 –), and WorldCat (via FirstSearch) in addition to reference list and author name searching PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SportDiscus, and WorldCat to identify original studies that met the following criteria: (1) an ASD group and a DCD group, (2) an ASD + DCD group and a DCD group, or (3) ASD, ASD + DCD, and DCD groups.ResultsFrom the 1598 articles screened, 11 were included in the qualitative analysis. The articles included reported more differences than similarities in individuals with ASD and DCD, with clear distinctions for working memory ability, gestural performance, grip selection, and cortical thickness. Only two studies reported similarities in face processing abilities and perceived competence, and the interventional studies showed group similarities in behavior improvement, such as intelligence and attention.ConclusionsBased on the articles reviewed, we conclude that while DCD and ASD share some behavioral symptoms, the symptom profiles of each disorder are unique and separable. We recommend that the evaluation of potential DCD in individuals with ASD be performed systematically and thoroughly, so as to distinguish this co-occurring condition from sensorimotor symptoms associated with ASD.     

决明子研究进展的CiteSpace可视化知识图谱分析＊

通过检索中国知网（CNKI）数据平台上以决明子为主题的相关文献，使用CiteSpace 5.7.R2软件和文献计量学研究方法对决明子的研究作者、机构、关键词等进行可视化图谱共现和突现分析，疏理决明子的研究现状和发展趋势。通过检索结果共纳入中文文献2754篇（去重后），发文量最多的作者为华东师范大学的李续娥；发文机构最多的为辽宁中医药大学，机构之间南北区域间合作较少，区域相邻合作较多，大学与企业之间合作较多，其中辽宁中医药大学与辽宁大熊制药研究有限公司合作较为频繁；关键词分析显示决明子研究方向为化学成分、药理作用及临床研究，其中降血脂、橙黄决明素及数据挖掘、用药规律等为目前研究的热点。     

Physical and social environmental factors related to co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors

Previous work identifying determinants of co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors have focused on their association with individuals' characteristics with scant attention paid to their relationship to contextual factors. Data came from 21,007 individuals ≥15 years of age who participated in the cross-sectional 2011–2012 Spanish National Health Survey. Two indicators were defined by tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity, and body mass index. The first indicator, based on dichotomized measures, ranges from 0 to 5. The second one (unhealthy lifestyle index), ranges from 0 to 15, with 0 denoting the healthiest score. Among the determinants, we examined social support, five perceived characteristics of the neighborhood, and the socioeconomic deprivation index of the census tract of residence. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models adjusted for the main sociodemographic characteristics. Using the dichotomized indicator, the probability of having 3–5 risk factors versus <3 factors was associated with low social support (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.25–1.80). Issues surrounding neighborhood cleanliness (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.04–1.33), air pollution (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.16–1.64), and street crime (OR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.03–1.42) were associated with determinants of co-occurrence. Risk factors co-occurrence increased as deprivation level increased: the OR for the highest deprivation quintile versus the lowest was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.14–1.48). Similar results were observed when using the unhealthy lifestyle index. Poorer physical and social environments are related to greater co-occurrence of risk factors for chronic diseases. Health promotion interventions targeting the prevention of risk factors should consider the contextual characteristics of the neighborhood environment.     

Transdiagnostic emotion regulation processes explain how emotion-related factors affect co-occurring PTSD and MDD in relation to trauma

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) co-occur at high rates and greater disorder severity. Studies examining the contributions of specific emotion regulation (ER) processes and negative affect (NA) to PTSD and MDD co-occurrence are scarce. This study investigated a transdiagnostic understanding of the nature of PTSD and MDD co-occurrence by examining the roles of NA, ER processes, and negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies in PTSD and MDD in relation to trauma.MethodsStructural equation modeling was used to examine the roles of emotionality, PTSD, and MDD constructs in 200 individuals with primary PTSD.ResultsER processes fully mediated the relationships between NA and PTSD (β = .40, p < .001) and MDD (β = .48, p < .001), and NMR expectancies and PTSD (β = −.31, p < .001) and MDD (β = −.37, p < .001).ConclusionsNA and NMR expectancies exert their effects on PTSD and MDD almost entirely through ER processes. ER appears to be a transdiagnostic process, partly accounting for the co-occurrence between PTSD and MDD. Co-occurrence models could benefit by incorporating ER processes to inform diagnostic classification and criteria and clinical intervention improved by specifically targeting ER processes.     

基于论文著录信息的基金类别共现分析

目的：基于论文标注的基金资助信息,分析国家重点研发计划与其他类别基金的关系。方法：以Web of Science核心合集“纳米科技”重点专项资助的1 044篇论文为对象,从论文基金项目资助数量、基金共现和基金共现变化等方面分析基金类别之间的关联性。结果：重点研发计划与其他类别基金存在共同资助现象。在全部资助产出的论文中,基金资助以重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、地方基金三者相互结合为主;在重点研发计划作为“第一标注基金”的论文中,基金资助以重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、教育部基金三者相互结合为主。结论：重点研发计划与国家自然科学基金共同资助比例最高,重点研发计划与国外基金的合作有待加强。 