A platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor deficiency exacerbates diet-induced obesity but PAF/PAF receptor signaling does not contribute to the development of obesity-induced chronic inflammation

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a well-known phospholipid that mediates acute inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether PAF/PAF receptor signaling contributed to chronic inflammation in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of PAF receptor-knockout (PAFR-KO) mice. Body and epididymal WAT weights were higher in PAFR-KO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) than in wild-type (WT) mice. TNF-α mRNA expression levels in epididymal WAT and the infiltration of CD11c-positive macrophages into epididymal WAT, which led to chronic inflammation, were also elevated in HFD-fed PAFR-KO mice. HFD-fed PAFR-KO mice had higher levels of fasting serum glucose than HFD-fed WT mice as well as impaired glucose tolerance. Although PAF receptor signaling up-regulated the expression of TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide induced the expression of acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) mRNA in bone marrow-derived macrophages, no significant differences were observed in the expression of LPCAT2 mRNA and PAF levels in epididymal WAT between HFD-fed mice and normal diet-fed mice. In addition to our previous finding in which energy expenditure in PAF receptor (PAFR)-deficient mice was low due to impaired brown adipose tissue function, the present study demonstrated that PAF/PAF receptor signaling up-regulated the expression of Ucp1 mRNA, which is essential for cellular thermogenesis, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We concluded that the marked accumulation of abdominal fat due to HFD feeding led to more severe chronic inflammation in WAT, which is associated with glucose metabolism disorders, in PAFR-KO mice than in WT mice, and PAF/PAF receptor signaling may regulate energy expenditure and adiposity.     

儿童慢性牙龈炎采用牙周护理干预效果分析

目的探讨儿童慢性牙龈炎采用牙周护理干预效果。方法以我院2013年3月~2014年1月接收的100例学龄前儿童为例,随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组接受牙周护理干预,同时辅助以局部药物消炎的治疗方案;对照组不接受牙周护理干预的治疗方案。结果 比较实验组和对照组治疗效果和出血百分率。结论 实验组可以有效预防探诊出血,效果突出。     

Chronic total occlusion:To treat or not to treat

Over the last two decades,there has been increasing interest in new techniques for the percutaneous treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions(CTO),which have a success rate that is much higher than that of a few years ago.The rise in percutaneous treatment for these lesions is due to its ability to improve the symptoms and prognosis of patients in the chronic and stable phase of coronary disease.Current data suggest that successful percutaneous coronary intervention for CTO is associated with improvement in patient symptoms,quality of life,left ventricular function,and survival,compared with those with unsuccessful CTO PCI.However,all the scientific evidence supporting this treatment comes from observational studies,and no randomized study comparing percutaneous treatment with medical treatment has yet been published.A major limitation of these studies is their observational design,with limited information with regard to potential baseline differences between the successful vs unsuccessful cohorts.Pending randomized studies,patients should be selected very carefully,especially if they are asymptomatic or very few symptoms,and the benefits obtained in terms of complications during the procedure,the quality of life obtained and further ischemic events avoided should be evaluated systematically.In this review,we will consider the available information supporting percutaneous treatment for chronic occlusions,as well as the areas of uncertainty where more research projects are required.     

Ulcerative colitis with hepatitis B virus infection treated successfully by granulocyte monocyte apheresis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunosuppressive therapies are used to treat IBD patients. Clinicians have strong concerns about using immunosuppressive therapies for IBD patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection because aggressive immunosuppressive therapy can promote reactivation of HBV. For that reason, physicians hesitate to use steroids or other immunosuppressive drugs for IBD patients with HBV infection. Granulocyte monocyte apheresis (GMA) is a safe and effective therapy for UC patients. In Japan, a maximum of 11 sessions of GMA are allowed for moderate‐to‐severe, steroid‐resistant UC patients. However, the effects of GMA on HBV remain unclear. This case report describes a 39‐year‐old man with active UC complicated by HBV infection. Although his symptoms improved with steroid treatment while under entecavir therapy, clinical remission could not be maintained after the steroid dosage was decreased, so GMA was started. After GMA initiation, the frequency of diarrhea decreased and his symptoms improved, and the steroid dosage could be decreased. During the course of GMA, the patient did not experience deterioration in his hepatitis and the HBV DNA level gradually decreased, although GMA itself did not affect the HBV DNA level during each session of GMA. Results show that GMA is a safe and efficacious strategy against UC complicated by HBV without affecting hepatitis because GMA had no remarkable effect on HBV activity. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:584–586, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Budesonide Enema in Distal Ulcerative Colitis: a Randomized Dose-Response Trial with Prednisolone Enema as Positive Control

The effect of budesonide, 1, 2, and 4mg/l00ml in daily enemas, on active distal ulcerative colitis was compared with that of prednisolone disodium phosphate enemas, 25 mg/100 ml, in a multicentre, randomized, group-comparative trial. A total of 146 patients with active disease were treated for 2 weeks. Data from 139 were valid for statistical analyses. Bowel habits, proctoscopy findings, and histologic pictures were evaluated, and plasma Cortisol was determined for measurement of influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Clinical symptoms and proctoscopy findings improved within all treatment groups. The improvement of these effect variables tended to be less after treatment with the lowest dose of budesonide, 1 mg/100 ml, than after the other treatments. Plasma Cortisol did not change in any of the budesonide groups, whereas a mean reduction of 30% (P = 0.07) was observed after prednisolone. It can be concluded that budesonide enemas of 2 mg/100 ml constitute an attractive alternative to prednisolone enemas for topical treatment of distal ulcerative colitis.     

药物联合治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的比较研究

目的探讨药物联合治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者的临床疗效。方法2010年8月-2011年3月笔者所在医院收治68例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者，所有患者随机分为两组，治疗组采用克拉霉素联合内舒拿喷剂进行治疗，对照组采用长期低剂量克拉霉素进行治疗，并对两组患者治疗效果进行比较。结果治疗组患者治疗效果明显优于对照组，差异明显有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论克拉霉素联合内舒拿喷剂治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疾病效果理想，两种药物联合应用即可起到局部治疗和抗炎的效果，又可发挥两种药物的各自优势。     

注射A型肉毒素治疗慢性每日头痛的观察与护理

目的 观察A型肉毒素治疗慢性每日头痛(CDH)的疗效.方法60 例患者随机分为观察组和对照组.观察组采用A型肉毒素,对照组采用利多卡因加醋酸泼尼松龙注射液,两组同时进行头部固定位点和痛点一次性注射.随后在12周的不同时间段内,通过电话回访或嘱患者就诊了解情况.结果 观察组患者头痛的程度、频率、持续的时间缓解率为96.7％(P＜0.01),明显高于对照组86.6％ (P＞0.05).两组患者中除有1例出现眉毛下垂,无其他不良反应.结论 A型肉毒素注射治疗慢性每日头痛的同时,配合严密的护理观察,能使治疗安全有效进行.取得明显疗效.     

Factors associated to repeated influenza vaccination in the Portuguese adults with chronic conditions

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to people with chronic conditions. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of chronically ill adults vaccinated against influenza in consecutive seasons and to identify associated factors.We used data from the first National Health Examination Survey (INSEF), a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 on a probabilistic sample of individuals aged 25–74 years. The population was restricted to individuals who self-reported diabetes, a respiratory, cardiovascular, liver or kidney disease. Self-reported vaccination in 4 consecutive seasons was categorized in 3 levels: unvaccinated, occasionally (vaccinated 1–3 seasons) and repeatedly vaccinated (in all 4 seasons). A multinomial logistic regression was applied to estimate odds-ratio (OR) of influenza vaccination according to sociodemographic factors, chronic condition, health care use and status.In the target population, the 2014/15 influenza vaccine coverage was 33.8% (95% CI: 29.8–38.1). The higher coverage was found in individuals reporting renal disease (66.7%) and diabetes (43.8%). The coverage decreased to 32.6%, 26.0% and 20.8% for individuals with respiratory, cardiovascular and liver diseases, respectively. The probability of being repeatedly vaccinated, compared to unvaccinated, was higher in males (OR = 2.14: 95% CI: 1.31–3.52); aged 65 and 74 (OR = 4.39; 95% CI: 1.99–9.69); whom had an appointment with a general practitioner (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.00–7.66) or other physician (OR = 3.95: 95% CI: 2.53–6.16); with no smoking habits (OR = 1.58; 95% I: 1.02–2.46) and reporting diabetes (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.02–4.45). Finally, having a self-reported cardiovascular condition decreased the likelihood of being occasionally (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.22–0.65) vaccinated against influenza.Younger individuals, females and the ones with a self-reported cardiovascular condition were identified as more likely of non-compliance to the vaccine uptake recommendation. Future vaccination strategies should focus on the previous identified population subgroups. Also, the medical recommendation of the influenza vaccine uptake should continue and be reinforced particularly in individuals with a cardiovascular condition.