胸腔镜下心包厚壁囊肿切除术1例报告

面对来势汹汹的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),如何能够正确、快速诊断和筛检出确诊病例显得尤为重要,国内诸多科技工作者都在积极开展相关的诊断试验研究。本文回顾了目前正在开展的十余项诊断试验的注册信息,针对其中存在的共性问题进行了讨论,重点阐述了如何使用PICOS原则构造COVID-19诊断试验的研究问题,还对金标准的设置、受试者的代表性、样本量计算和同步、独立、盲法的测定等诊断试验的设计要点进行了详细说明。旨在为广大研究者提供开展COVID-19诊断试验的设计建议,帮助研究者在顶层设计阶段减少、避免偏倚,完成高质量的临床研究,为临床诊疗提供循证医学证据。     

Étude exploratoire de la santé musculo-squelettique du rachis d’étudiants en ostéopathie

BackgroundDuring their training, students in osteopathy regularly undergo spinal manipulation exercises. This exposes the students’ spine to unskilled gestures performed by their colleagues learning spinal manipulation. Discomfort, muscle soreness or moderate pain following spinal manipulations lasting two or three days are commonly reported. In addition, some students may have ongoing spinal musculoskeletal disease (SMSD) during their studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SMSDs and their maximum intensity in a population of osteopathy students and to determine whether individual differences exist.MethodAn exploratory cross-sectional study took place over three years. Data were collected by means of a self-administrated standardised questionnaire screening for MSD: the Nordic questionnaire.ResultsThere were 733 exploitable questionnaires, giving an average response rate of 91.5%. Average prevalence of SMSD was 98.4% during the last 12 months. Average maximum intensity perceived was 6/10 and 45% of students experienced an intense SMSD (scored between 7 and 10/10). Variation of the maximum intensity of SMSD between “before osteopathy studies” and “the last 12 months” was 1.2/10. This variation was influenced by the number of days students were manipulated during a week (p < 0.0001). On average, students underwent manipulation three days a week.ConclusionThis study confirms the important prevalence of SMSD among osteopathy students. This result led us to carry out a qualitative study for exploring students’ conceptions in health and spinal manipulative practices.     

New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network: A collaboration for acute care research in New Zealand

The specialty of emergency medicine in Australasia is coming of age. As part of this maturation there is a need for high‐quality evidence to inform practice. This article describes the development of the New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network, a collaboration of committed emergency care researchers who share the vision that New Zealand/Aotearoa will have a world‐leading, patient‐centred emergency care research network, which will improve emergency care for all, so that people coming to any ED in the country will have access to the same world‐class emergency care.     

Relationships that Heal: Beyond the Patient-Healer Dyad in Mayan Therapy

Biomedicine fosters particular styles of interaction and behaviors, with the therapeutic relationship seen as occurring between a doctor and patient. In contrast, where alternative modalities of healing are practiced, relationships go beyond a dyadic interaction and include wider social networks. In this article, we propose the existence of a ‘therapeutic unit’ in Maya healing practices in Guatemala that binds healer, wellness seeker, family, and community members, along with the spiritual and natural realms, into a coherent system requiring all of these elements to achieve success. Drawing on interviews with 67 Maya healers, we describe healers’ understanding of raxnaq’il nuk’aslemal (well-being), and show how these interactions activate wider networks that play crucial roles during treatments. We highlight how holism is expressed in relationships typical of indigenous healing systems, and how an appreciation of this is important for developing culturally appropriate health care provision systems.     

耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺治疗中风后便秘疗效观察

目的观察耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺治疗中风后便秘(虚秘)的临床疗效。方法将80例中风后便秘(虚秘)患者随机分为治疗组40例、对照组40例。在中风常规治疗、护理及康复训练下,治疗组采用耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺,对照组采用普通针刺法。对两组患者临床疗效、便秘症状积分、胃肠激素水平及生存质量进行比较。结果两组治疗后胃肠激素P物质(SP)水平及便秘患者生存质量量表(PAC-QOL)评分均有显著提高(P<0.01),且治疗组治疗后明显高于对照组(P<0.01),两组治疗后便秘症状积分、胃肠激素血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平均显著降低(P<0.01),且治疗组治疗后低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组总有效率为87.5%,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论耳穴贴压联合俞募配穴针刺治疗中风后便秘(虚秘)具有良好疗效。     

Bupropion Overdose Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock Requiring Vasopressor Support and Lipid Emulsion Therapy

BackgroundBupropion overdose is a commonly encountered presentation in the emergency department (ED). While the majority of cases resolve with supportive care, serious adverse effects, including seizures, cardiogenic shock, and death, can occur. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy has been utilized for a multitude of poisonings with varying levels of success. Although a number of cases suggest the value of ILE therapy in cases of bupropion overdose, more recent data propose that its role may be overstated.Case ReportA young woman presented to the ED with altered mental status complicated by seizure after bupropion overdose. She subsequently developed cardiogenic shock requiring vasopressor support. Bedside echocardiogram revealed a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). She received ILE therapy with significant improvement in both hemodynamic status and LVEF by bedside ultrasound.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Although the majority of patients presenting with bupropion overdose improve with supportive care, life-threatening sequelae are possible. ILE therapy has shown promise in a variety of different overdose situations, although the evidence in cases of bupropion poisoning has been varied, and it has traditionally been utilized as a last-line rescue modality. Based on hemodynamic parameters and bedside ultrasound, this case suggests that early initiation of ILE therapy should be considered in these cases, as the potential benefits likely outweigh the theoretical risks.     

Molecular profiling of ctDNA in pancreatic cancer: Opportunities and challenges for clinical application

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade, with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis for patients. Genomic profiling has not yet manifested clinical benefits for diagnosis, treatment or prognosis in PDAC, due to the lack of available tissues for sequencing and the confounding effects of low tumour cellularity in many biopsy specimens. Increasing focus is now turning to the use of minimally invasive liquid biopsies to enhance the characterisation of actionable PDAC tumour genomes. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is the most comprehensively studied liquid biopsy analyte in blood and can provide insight into the molecular profile and biological characteristics of individual PDAC tumours, in real-time and in advance of traditional imaging modalities. This can pave the way for identification of new therapeutic targets, novel risk variants and markers of tumour response, to supplement diagnostic screening and provide enhanced scrutiny in treatment stratification. In the roadmap towards the application of precision medicine for clinical management in PDAC, ctDNA analyses may serve a leading role in streamlining candidate biomarkers for clinical integration. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the use of ctDNA-based liquid biopsies for PDAC and provide new insights into the technical, analytical and biological challenges that must be overcome for this potential to be realised.     

Sonodynamic Therapy: Advances and Challenges in Clinical Translation

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) consists of the synergetic interaction between ultrasound and a chemical agent. In SDT, the cytotoxicity is triggered by ultrasonic stimuli, notably through cavitation. The unique features of SDT are relevant in the clinical context more than ever: the need for efficacy, accuracy, and safety while being noninvasive and preserving the patient's quality of life. However, despite the promising results of this technique, only a few clinical reports describe the use of SDT. The objective of this article is to provide an extensive overview of the clinical and preclinical research conducted in vivo on SDT, to identify the limitations, and to detail the developed strategies to overcome them.     

不同强度经皮穴位电刺激对胸腔镜手术患者术后免疫功能的影响

目的观察不同强度经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对胸腔镜手术患者术后免疫功能的影响。方法将68例行胸腔镜手术治疗的患者按住院先后顺序采取随机数字表法分为低强度TEAS组、中强度TEAS组、高强度TEAS组和电针组,每组17例。4组术后在镇痛泵治疗的基础上,给予不同强度的TEAS或电针治疗。观察4组患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)和血清免疫球蛋白水平。结果4组术后CD3﹢和CD4﹢T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、血清IgM、血清IgG的水平均较术前降低(P<0.05);术后48 h低强度TEAS组和高强度TEAS组的CD3﹢和CD4﹢T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、血清IgM的水平均低于电针组(P<0.05);中强度TEAS组和电针组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4组术后CD8﹢T淋巴细胞、CD4﹢/CD8﹢以及血清IgG水平组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论中强度TEAS能够有效改善胸腔镜手术后患者的免疫功能。     

头穴围刺结合运动疗法对脑梗死大鼠血管新生机制的影响

目的:观察头穴围刺结合运动疗法对脑梗死大鼠血管新生的影响。方法:采用健康雄性wistar大鼠75只随机分为假手术组、模型组、头穴围刺组、运动组、围刺+运动组,每组15只。参照Zea-Longa报道的线栓法,制备大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)脑缺血再灌注模型,采用对应的方法进行干预,干预14天后进行行为学评估;每组随机选取5只大鼠用TTC染色法测定脑梗死面积比;RT-PCR法检测β-catenin mRNA、GSK-3βmRNA表达水平,western-blot检测血管内皮细胞VEGF水平。结果:14天后围刺+运动组mNSS评分、脑梗死面积比优于模型组、头穴围刺组和运动组(P<0.01)。围刺+运动组与其它各组相比可明显上调β-catenin蛋白表达、下调GSK-3β水平、增加VEGF表达(P<0.01)。结论:头穴围刺结合运动疗法可促进脑梗死大鼠的血管新生。