沙苑子本草考证

沙苑子为我国常用中药,药用历史悠久。通过查阅本草文献,对沙苑子名称、基原、功效、产地及伪品5个方面进行考证,得知其名称演变大致经过"白蒺藜""沙苑蒺藜""沙苑子"3个阶段;历代本草记载沙苑子基原为扁茎黄芪的干燥成熟种子,古今应用品种基本一致;沙苑子补肾固精功效的记载自宋《本草衍义》起逐渐清晰明确;沙苑子道地产区自宋时起为陕西沙苑,明清时期产地逐渐转到陕西潼关、山西等地,建国后以陕西省为主向北扩散,以陕西潼关为佳;沙苑子建国前有马薸子、色微绿伪品及紫云英子等混伪品,建国后有紫云英、猪屎豆、华黄芪和直立黄芪的种子等混伪品。为沙苑子正本清源,并为其进一步深入开发提供参考。     

胸腔镜下心包厚壁囊肿切除术1例报告

面对来势汹汹的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19),如何能够正确、快速诊断和筛检出确诊病例显得尤为重要,国内诸多科技工作者都在积极开展相关的诊断试验研究。本文回顾了目前正在开展的十余项诊断试验的注册信息,针对其中存在的共性问题进行了讨论,重点阐述了如何使用PICOS原则构造COVID-19诊断试验的研究问题,还对金标准的设置、受试者的代表性、样本量计算和同步、独立、盲法的测定等诊断试验的设计要点进行了详细说明。旨在为广大研究者提供开展COVID-19诊断试验的设计建议,帮助研究者在顶层设计阶段减少、避免偏倚,完成高质量的临床研究,为临床诊疗提供循证医学证据。     

Étude exploratoire de la santé musculo-squelettique du rachis d’étudiants en ostéopathie

BackgroundDuring their training, students in osteopathy regularly undergo spinal manipulation exercises. This exposes the students’ spine to unskilled gestures performed by their colleagues learning spinal manipulation. Discomfort, muscle soreness or moderate pain following spinal manipulations lasting two or three days are commonly reported. In addition, some students may have ongoing spinal musculoskeletal disease (SMSD) during their studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SMSDs and their maximum intensity in a population of osteopathy students and to determine whether individual differences exist.MethodAn exploratory cross-sectional study took place over three years. Data were collected by means of a self-administrated standardised questionnaire screening for MSD: the Nordic questionnaire.ResultsThere were 733 exploitable questionnaires, giving an average response rate of 91.5%. Average prevalence of SMSD was 98.4% during the last 12 months. Average maximum intensity perceived was 6/10 and 45% of students experienced an intense SMSD (scored between 7 and 10/10). Variation of the maximum intensity of SMSD between “before osteopathy studies” and “the last 12 months” was 1.2/10. This variation was influenced by the number of days students were manipulated during a week (p < 0.0001). On average, students underwent manipulation three days a week.ConclusionThis study confirms the important prevalence of SMSD among osteopathy students. This result led us to carry out a qualitative study for exploring students’ conceptions in health and spinal manipulative practices.     

New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network: A collaboration for acute care research in New Zealand

The specialty of emergency medicine in Australasia is coming of age. As part of this maturation there is a need for high‐quality evidence to inform practice. This article describes the development of the New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network, a collaboration of committed emergency care researchers who share the vision that New Zealand/Aotearoa will have a world‐leading, patient‐centred emergency care research network, which will improve emergency care for all, so that people coming to any ED in the country will have access to the same world‐class emergency care.     

Relationships that Heal: Beyond the Patient-Healer Dyad in Mayan Therapy

Biomedicine fosters particular styles of interaction and behaviors, with the therapeutic relationship seen as occurring between a doctor and patient. In contrast, where alternative modalities of healing are practiced, relationships go beyond a dyadic interaction and include wider social networks. In this article, we propose the existence of a ‘therapeutic unit’ in Maya healing practices in Guatemala that binds healer, wellness seeker, family, and community members, along with the spiritual and natural realms, into a coherent system requiring all of these elements to achieve success. Drawing on interviews with 67 Maya healers, we describe healers’ understanding of raxnaq’il nuk’aslemal (well-being), and show how these interactions activate wider networks that play crucial roles during treatments. We highlight how holism is expressed in relationships typical of indigenous healing systems, and how an appreciation of this is important for developing culturally appropriate health care provision systems.     

Molecular profiling of ctDNA in pancreatic cancer: Opportunities and challenges for clinical application

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality within the next decade, with limited effective treatment options and a dismal long-term prognosis for patients. Genomic profiling has not yet manifested clinical benefits for diagnosis, treatment or prognosis in PDAC, due to the lack of available tissues for sequencing and the confounding effects of low tumour cellularity in many biopsy specimens. Increasing focus is now turning to the use of minimally invasive liquid biopsies to enhance the characterisation of actionable PDAC tumour genomes. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is the most comprehensively studied liquid biopsy analyte in blood and can provide insight into the molecular profile and biological characteristics of individual PDAC tumours, in real-time and in advance of traditional imaging modalities. This can pave the way for identification of new therapeutic targets, novel risk variants and markers of tumour response, to supplement diagnostic screening and provide enhanced scrutiny in treatment stratification. In the roadmap towards the application of precision medicine for clinical management in PDAC, ctDNA analyses may serve a leading role in streamlining candidate biomarkers for clinical integration. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the use of ctDNA-based liquid biopsies for PDAC and provide new insights into the technical, analytical and biological challenges that must be overcome for this potential to be realised.     

Correlates of Mental Illness and Health Categories among Older Adults in China: An Empirical Study Based on the Two Continua Model

Objective: Keyes’ two continua model is a useful concept in which mental health and mental illness exist on two separate axes. Based on this model, this study examined the prevalence and correlates of three mental health categories among older adults in China.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were derived from Wave 1 of the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. Participants were categorized into complete mental health (CMH), complete mental illness (CMI), and moderate mental health (MMH) groups. Multinomial logistic regressions were used.

Results: The prevalence of CMH, CMI, and MMH in China was 18%, 16%, and 66%, respectively. Being female, unmarried, younger, and feeling unhealthy were more likely to result in placement in the CMI category. Employment, education, and cognitive function were identified as important protective factors of CMH. Age, income, urban or rural residence, and physical function difficulty were associated with all three categories.

Discussion: We demonstrated the utility of the two continua model in identifying mental health needs in Chinese contexts. The findings suggest that future policy reforms and clinical interventions should establish a more comprehensive mental health category as a screening tool nationwide. The promotion of social engagement could play an important role in treating mental illness and improving positive mental health.     

丹参川芎嗪注射液联合西药对急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑组织的保护作用及对预后的影响

目的:观察丹参川芎嗪注射液联合西药治疗对急性缺血性脑卒中患者脑组织的保护作用及对预后的影响。方法:以268例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各134例,2组均予西药治疗,研究组予以丹参川芎嗪注射液联合治疗,2组均随访至12周。治疗前后检测2组患者的血清炎症相关因子[超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、白细胞介素-8 (IL-8)]、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和S-100β水平,随访评定患者治疗12周内的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和日常生活能力量表(BI)评分。结果:治疗3周,2组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平均低于入院时(P<0.01);研究组各因子水平均低于对照组(P<0.01)。2组血清NSE和S-100β水平均较入院时降低(P<0.01),而VEGF水平较入院时升高(P<0.01)。研究组血清NSE和S-100β水平均低于对照组,VEGF水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2组治疗后一时间点的NIHSS评分均低于同组治疗前一时间点(P<0.01),而2组治疗后一时间点的BI评分均高于同组治疗前一时间点水平(P<0.01)。治疗6周和12周,研究组的NIHSS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01),而BI评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:丹参川芎嗪注射液联合西药治疗可以有效减轻急性缺血性脑卒中患者的血管炎症反应程度、血管内皮细胞和脑组织的损伤程度,促进大脑神经细胞修复,提高患者卒中后的生活能力,防止卒中后肢体发生功能障碍,改善患者预后。     

Protocolo de estudio sobre condicionantes de desestabilización física y psicosocial en los mayores

ObjectiveThe main objective of this study is to define the factors associated with frailty and psychosocial imbalance in elderly people who live in the community.MethodsMulticentre prospective study with a representative sample of subjects older than 75 years who live in the community in the province of Huesca (Spain). 5-year follow-up with biannual assessment. Standardised individual assessment carried out by GPs trained to assess depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms, sarcopenia, social network, dependence for basic and instrumental activities of daily living, physical severity, risk of dependence and quality of life. Further assessment two and five years later to quantify adverse events: institutionalisation, functional impairment or mortality. Possible risk factors will be assessed: gender, age, social status, functional status, mental status and physical severity. Predictive and individual risk models will be designed in order to identify elderly people with high psychosocial frailty and destabilisation risk.ConclusionsAn understanding of the possible risk factors would facilitate the identification of elderly subjects at greater risk of psychosocial frailty, thereby enabling preventive activities to be implemented aimed at reducing frailty and associated adverse events (institutionalisation, mortality, etc.).