Adjuvant chemoradiation for patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: an expirence of single institute

Only a small percentage of patients with pancreatic cancer have limited disease suitable for curative resection. Even with surgery, patients often have poor long-term survival due to relapse of the disease. There are controversies about the adjuvant treatment of these patients. We reported the survival of resected pancreatic cancer from a single institute. About 128 consecutive patients who had complete resection of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were evaluated, retrospectively. Chemoradiotherapy (45 Gy plus 5-fluorouracil) was given to 63 patients. Fifty-five patients declined to take chemoradiotherapy or with poor performance status were observed without additional treatment. Eight patients took only chemotherapy and two patients took only radiotherapy. The median survival of chemoradiotherapy group was significantly higher than the observation group (13 months vs. 4 months, respectively; P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses the most important factors improving survival were the application of chemoradiation (P < 0.001), low-level serum LDH (P = 0.026), good performance status (P = 0.033) and low serum CA19-9 (P = 0.037). Although adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has a significant survival benefit when compared with the observation group, the survival data are still poor for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we need more effective additional or adjuvant treatment modalities.     

Analysis of efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate and leucovorin (PFML) and radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), methotrexate (MTX) and leucovorin (LV) (PFML) in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Methods Seventy-seven patients with previously untreated stages III–IV SCCHN were included in this trial. Patients received two cycles of chemotherapy repeated every 4 weeks. The chemotherapy regimen consisted CDDP (60 mg/m², day 4), 5-FU (600 mg/m² given over 24 h for 5 days, days 1–5), MTX (30 mg/m², day 1) and LV (20 mg/m², days 1–5). Radiation was targeted to begin on the starting day of chemotherapy, day 1. The total radiation dose to the primary site and neck lymph nodes was 70.0 Gy. When grade ≥3 toxicities were observed frequently, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were delayed or reduced. Results The main toxicities were mucositis (grade ≥3, 39%), leukocytopenia (grade ≥3, 34%) and neutropenia (grade ≥3, 30%). The overall clinical response rate and the pathological complete response (CR) were 94% (72/77) and 71% (55/77). The primary site CR and neck lymph node CR were 79% (61/77) and 85% (44/52), and 3-year survival rate was 73%. Conclusions This concurrent chemoradiotherapy with PFML was safe and well tolerated. The high CR rate justifies further evaluation of this chemoradiotherapy modality in locally advanced SCCHN patients.     

A phase I trial of docetaxel based induction and concomitant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of docetaxel based induction and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after using the FHX platform (5 = 5-FU, H = hydroxyurea, X = Radiation). Patients with Stage III/IV locally advanced HNSCC were enrolled. Induction chemotherapy (carboplatin/docetaxel) was followed by 5 cycles of concomitant docetaxel based CRT. No DLTs were observed in dose levels 1/2 for induction and CRT. Dose level 2 was expanded. The overall survival CR rate after CRT was 79 percent. Median overall (OS) has not been reached and 2-year OS is 80.7 percent. The recommended Phase II dose of docetaxel with FHX CRT is 25 mg/m² and 35 mg/m² in combination with carboplatin induction (AUC = 6).     

早发性卵巢功能不全的动物模型构建

由于社会角色转变,女性生育延迟现象明显,女性生育力的降低显著早于全身机体的衰老,卵巢储备一般在35岁开始下降。而早发性卵巢功能不全是女性在40岁之前卵巢功能衰退的临床综合征,以月经紊乱伴高促性腺激素及低雌激素为特征,影响女性的身心健康。目前发病机制尚不明确。早发性卵巢功能不全动物模型是研究的基础,不同模型制备特点不尽相同。本文就早发性卵巢功能不全研究中,常见啮齿类动物模型,如免疫反应、放化疗、连续超排卵、D-半乳糖诱导和基因编辑等模型的制备方法、特点及判断标准进行综述,为探索早发性卵巢功能不全的发病机制、开发新的治疗方法提供研究基础。     

羟基脲对人脑胶质瘤U251细胞放化疗增敏作用的研究

目的 探讨羟基脲(HU)联合替莫唑胺(TMZ)加放疗(RT)对人脑胶质瘤U251细胞放化疗(CRT)敏感性的影响。方法 体外培养U251细胞,采用CCK8实验检测不同浓度HU、TMZ及不同条件处理后细胞的增殖能力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡及细胞周期分布情况;Transwell小室、划痕实验评估细胞侵袭、迁移能力变化;Western blot实验检测凋亡蛋白表达情况;克隆形成实验检测克隆源细胞存活分数。结果 HU浓度≤50μmol/L时不会显著影响U251细胞增殖(P>0.05);低剂量HU联合CRT组较CRT组可抑制细胞增殖(P<0.05)、侵袭(P<0.01)、迁移(12h时 P<0.001,24h时 P<0.01)能力,并促进细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。50μmol/L HU联合RT后可增加细胞放射敏感性;细胞周期S及 G2期显著延长(均 P<0.05);凋亡蛋白Caspase-3及Bax表达水平上升,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2水平下降(均 P<0.001)。结论 HU联合CRT较单纯CRT进一步抑制U251细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移能力,促进细胞凋亡及增加放射敏感性,且出现S期及 G2期阻滞,从而增加了U251细胞的CRT敏感性。     

肌少症对食管鳞癌术后复发患者放化疗不良反应及预后影响

目的 探讨基于定位CT分析肌少症对食管鳞癌术后复发患者放化疗期间不良反应及预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016—2017年于淮安市第一人民医院行放化疗的147例食管鳞癌术后局部复发患者,依据模拟定位CT勾画计算主动脉弓上缘水平横断面双侧胸肌面积（PMA）。PMA身高校正（PMA/身高²）得出胸肌指数（PMI）。将男女患者分别依据PMI三分位数分组,其中低PMI者（男性<11.55 cm²/m²,女性<8.69 cm²/m²）为肌少症组。比较肌少症组与非肌少症组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率及1年和3年总生存（OS）率的差异。结果 147例患者中49例（33.3%）存在肌肉减少,该类患者3‐4级不良反应发生率显著高于非肌少症患者（40.8%∶18.4%,P=0.005）。肌少症患者1年和3年OS（61.2%和10.2%）显著低于非肌少症患者（82.7%和28.6%）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）,多因素分析证实肌少症是预测不良预后的独立危险因素（P<0.001）。结论 基于定位CT获得的PMI在诊断肌少症方面具有较好的临床价值,可能可以作为诊断肌少症的新工具。     

氩氦刀联合放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的 讨论氩氯刀联合放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效。方法 2003年10月至2006年2月采用氩氯刀联合放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌42例（综合组），选择同期奈件相同采用常规放化疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌38例作对照（常规组）；比较两组病人的KPS、局部复发率、中位生存期、生存率。结果 综合组和常规组的KPS改善率分别为28．57％和10．52％，稳定率分别为42．86％和36．84％，恶化率分别为2857％和52．63％：综合组KPS评分高于常规组（X^2=6．32，P〈005）。原发灶局部复发率综合组显著低于常规组（28．57％〈50.00％；X^2=3．86，P〈0．05）；中位生存期综合组16个月，常规组14个月；1、2、3年生存率综合组稍高于常规组（63．53％〉5350％，31．99％〉29．13％，21．33％〉16．18％）。但两组间生存曲线比较无统计学意义（X^2=0．33，P〈0．05）。结论 氩氯刀联合放化疗可有效地降低不可切除非小细胞肺癌的局部复发率．改善病人功能状态。     

MicroRNA-126与胃癌患者放化综合治疗效果的关系及其对胃癌SGC-7901细胞的放射增敏作用

目的:研究microRNA-126与胃癌患者放化综合治疗疗效的关系及其对胃癌细胞的放射增敏效果。方法:选取2014年6月~2015年6月间我院收治的晚期胃癌患者60例为研究对象,其中男性32例,女性28例,年龄37~65岁,平均年龄(51±7)岁。所有患者均接受放化综合治疗。收集患者的胃癌病理组织标本,同时于治疗结束时采集静脉血标本。采用国际实体瘤疗效评价标准(RECIST)评价患者的近期疗效,根据疗效将患者分为治疗敏感组和非敏感组。实时荧光定量PCR检测各组患者组织及血浆中microRNA-126的表达变化。体外培养胃癌SGC-7901细胞并转染microRNA-126 mimic;平板集落形成实验分析microRNA-126 mimic转染对SGC-7901细胞放射敏感性的影响;流式细胞术检测转染microRNA-126 mimic对SGC-7901细胞凋亡率的影响。结果:根据RECIST,共28例患者对治疗敏感,32例患者对治疗不敏感。与敏感组患者相比,不敏感组患者血浆和胃癌组织中的microRNA-126相对水平较低,相对于敏感组的倍数分别为0.72±0.04和0.48±0.03,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。MicroRNA-126 mimic转染后SGC-7901细胞的SF_2值和D_0值减小(P0.05),增敏比为1.74。流式细胞术分析结果发现,microRNA-126 mimic转染可以诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡,并增加射线引起的细胞凋亡。结论:较低的microRNA-126提示胃癌患者放化综合治疗疗效不佳;microRNA-126具有增加胃癌细胞放射敏感性的作用。     

Prognostic factors for patients with cervical cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a retrospective analysis in a Japanese cohort

Objective

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the primary treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. We studied prognostic factors for patients treated with CCRT.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed records of 85 consecutive patients with cervical cancer who were treated with CCRT between 2002 and 2011, with external beam radiation therapy, intracavitary brachytherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. Survival data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

Of the 85 patients, 69 patients (81%) had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III/IV disease; 25 patients (29%) had pelvic lymph node enlargement (based on magnetic resonance imaging), and 64 patients (75%) achieved clinical remission following treatment. Median maximum tumor diameter was 5.5 cm. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 60.3% and 55.5%, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed tumor diameter >6 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 4.6), pelvic lymph node enlargement (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.5), and distant metastasis (HR, 10.0; 95% CI, 3.7 to 27.0) were significantly and independently related to poor outcomes.

Conclusion

New treatment strategies should be considered for locally advanced cervical cancers with tumors >6 cm and radiologically enlarged pelvic lymph nodes.     

新辅助化疗治疗肢体软组织肉瘤28例报告

目的分析探讨新辅助化疗治疗肢体软组织肉瘤(soft tissue sarcoma,STS)的临床疗效及价值。方法选取2009年5月至2012年6月,我科经新辅助化疗[术前顺铂+异环磷酰胺+阿霉素(cisplatin+ifosfamide+adriamycin,DDP+IFO+ADM,DIA)化疗2个周期+手术治疗+术后DIA化疗6个周期]治疗的28例肢体STS患者,其中男18例,女10例;年龄15~62岁,中位年龄35岁。DIA 1个周期的化疗方案为:第1天DDP 120 mg/m2,第7~9天每天按序均给予ADM 30 mg/m2、IFO 2.0 g/m2,第10~11天IFO2.0 g/m2。对所有患者进行随访,复查肺部CT及病变部位X线片,记录复发、转移、死亡情况。参照实体瘤疗效评价标准(response evaluation criteria in solid tumour,RECIST)1.1评价化疗疗效;按照化疗常见不良反应事件评价标准(common terminology criteria for adverse events,CTCAE)4.0对化疗期间的不良反应进行评价。结果本组28例手术均进行顺利,总失血量50~600 ml,平均260 ml,切口如期愈合。DIA化疗方案进行了术前2个周期、术后6个周期化疗,持续时间为38周,28例共进行了224个化疗周期。28例随访12~59个月,随访结束时,存活23例,其中无瘤生存20例,带瘤生存3例。本组2年无瘤生存率71.4%,2年总生存率82.1%。术后转移5例,均肺部转移而死亡;4例术后复发,复发率12.3%。4例复发患者与3例肺转移患者,于发现后先辅助三维适行放疗。经过术前化疗,肿瘤体积平均缩小(30.2±11.3)%,尤其肿瘤直径>15 cm的22例,肿瘤体积平均缩小(42.7±7.8)%;28例中完全缓解(complete remssion,CR)0例,部分缓解(partial remission,PR)12例,稳定(stable disease,SD)14例,疾病进展(progression diseas,PD)2例,客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)为42.9%,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)为92.9%;患者对化疗耐受性良好,主要化疗不良反应均为一过性,经用药对症处理后症状消失。结论新辅助化疗方案治疗肢体STS,术前化疗可明显缩小STS的体积,减轻肿瘤周围的软组织水肿,可控制微小转移灶,很好地配合STS的手术切除;能够提高患者的总生存率及无瘤生存率,有利于肢体STS的保肢治疗;其近、中期疗效满意,不良反应可耐受,是治疗STS重要有效的方法。