Retrospective multicentre study on mechanical and enzymatic preparation of fresh and cryopreserved testicular biopsies

BACKGROUND: Isolation of sperm suitable for ICSI from fresh or frozen-thawed testicular sperm extraction (TESE) can be facilitated by mechanical or enzymatic processing of the samples. METHODS: A retrospective multicentre study was initiated to compare these two approaches. Eleven German centres provided data on their TESE cycles performed during the period 1996/1997. Quality of retrieved sperm, fertilization rates of injected oocytes, embryo quality, resulting pregnancy rates and evolution of pregnancies were evaluated. RESULTS: The percentage of cycles with at least some motile sperm available for injection was higher after mechanical preparation. Independent of the preparation method, fertilization rates were higher for motile compared with immotile sperm or elongated spermatids in all groups and in general higher for cryopreserved versus fresh samples. Embryo quality was significantly better after injection of motile sperm for all treatments and in particular after enzymatic versus mechanical processing of biopsies. Pregnancy rates were identical for embryos derived from sperm prepared mechanically or enzymatically from fresh or cryopreserved testicular samples. The abortion rate (32/172, 18.6%) and the rate of multiple implantations (32/140, 22.9%) were not different from results reported in the literature for ICSI using ejaculated sperm. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective multicentre study, no unequivocal advantage of one over the other preparation method could be identified in 839 ICSI cycles using testicular sperm from 549 patients.     

Influence of Various Immunomodulators on the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Lewis Rats

The effect of various immunomodulators on the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is evaluated in the Lewis rat. Bordetella pertussis (BP) is the optimal inductor of EAE in this rat strain. Treatment of the animals with BP either before or after or simultaneously with guinea-pig spinal cord preparation (GpSC) resulted in an EAE about two weeks thereafter. Additional injection of living BCG, of CFA, IFA (incomplete Freund's adjuvant) or Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) did not augment or mitigate the effect induced by BP or GpSC. Living BCG, IFA, VCN or Corynebacterium parvum (CP) did not induce EAE when given in combination with GpSC but without BP. CFA combined with GpSC only occasionally induced EAE. However, EAE could be induced by the combination of CFA and GpSC or IFA and GpSC in a part of the animals tested if they had been pretreated or simultaneously been injected with living BCG by intravenous route. EAE could not be enhanced by the additional injection of VCN. Surprisingly, most of the animals peracutely died after injection of CFA and BP in combination with GpSC when they had been pretreated with CP. This effect was most pronounced when pretreatment was done on day -4. No acute effect could be seen when CP was given simultaneously to CFA, BP and GpSC. Animals which did not peracutely succumb developed EAE similarly as those in the positive control groups. CP treatment simultaneously with BP but without CFA resulted in a reduction of the EAE specific mortality. This reduction could not be seen if treatment with CP was done after injection of GpSC and BP.     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节激素替代治疗周期在冻融胚胎移植中的研究进展

冻融胚胎移植（frozen-thawed embryo transfer,FET）技术因具有提高累积妊娠率和降低卵巢过度刺激风险等优点被广泛应用于临床,移植胚胎质量、子宫内膜以及两者同步性是FET成功的关键因素。临床常见的子宫内膜准备方案包括自然周期、控制性卵巢刺激周期、激素替代治疗（hormone replacement treatment,HRT）周期以及降调节HRT周期。大多数妇女采用常规方案进行FET子宫内膜准备,但多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌病、反复着床失败以及薄型子宫内膜等特殊人群,采用常规方案临床效果欠佳。垂体降调节方法是在促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist,GnRHa）垂体降调节基础上应用HRT准备子宫内膜,即降调节HRT周期较常规方案可有效改善上述特殊人群的妊娠结局。综述GnRHa降调节HRT周期的相关机制及其适宜人群。     

药用辅料在制剂中的应用概述

药用辅料是药物制剂的基础材料的重要的组成部分,在制剂型和生产中起着关键作用,它不仅赋予药物一定剂型,并且与提高药物的疗效,降低毒副作用有很大的关系,因此,研究开发,合理应用辅仅可提高药物制剂质量和生产技术水平,而且可取得较大的社会及经济效益。     

大黄和黄芪配伍对大鼠减体重的体成分影响研究

目的研究大黄和黄芪配伍在大鼠减体重过程中对体成分的影响。方法大鼠胃饲大黄、黄芪混合水煎剂 ,观察对体重、摄食量、游泳时间、肥体重 (fatbodyweight,FBW )、瘦体重 (leanbodyweight,LBW )、%FBW、脂肪垫、心脏和心脏体重比的影响。结果R1ATr1组 (大黄 :黄芪 1∶1,游泳组 )与CTr组 (游泳对照组 )相比体重、摄食量减少 ,游泳时间延长 (P <0 .0 1) ,FBW和脂肪垫重量减少 (P <0 .0 1)。R1Auntr1组 (大黄 :黄芪 1∶1,不游泳组 )与Cuntr组 (不游泳对照组 )相比 ,体重、摄食量、FBW和脂肪垫重量均减少 (P <0 .0 1)。结论给药大鼠无论运动或不运动 ,体重的减轻主要是FBW减少。提示大黄和黄芪混合水煎剂的作用是促进脂肪动用。     

黄芪多糖对糖尿病大鼠微血管病变的作用及机制的研究

目的：探讨黄芪多糖（APS）对糖尿病大鼠微血管病变的影响以及对糖尿病的治疗作用及机制。方法：成年,健康SD大鼠40只,雌雄不限,分成四组：正常对照组,糖尿病组（腹腔注射四氧嘧啶200mg/kg),APS组（造模成功后用APS治疗）,优降糖组（造模成功后用优降糖治疗）。治疗两周时测一次血糖,四周后,测血糖;颈动脉取血测定血清胰素水平,NO和MDA含量。应用形态定量的方法比较各组的心肌病理变化。结果：腹腔注射alloxan(200mg/kg)后的SD大鼠血糖浓度显升高,血清NO,MDA,胰岛素水平明显改变。APS治疗四周后,血糖浓度明显下降,与优降糖治疗组无明显差异,血清NO较未治疗组明显升高（P＜0．01）,血清MDA较未治疗组明显减少（P＜0．01）,血清胰岛素水平升高（P＜0．05）,光镜下观察,糖尿病大鼠的心肌毛细血管数量减少,基底膜增厚,微血管与心肌纤维的比率显减低,这些改变都可被APS改善.结论：APS有降低血糖和保护血管内皮细胞的作用,这可能与APS减轻氧自由基的损伤,影响NO的产生以及促进胰岛B细胞的损伤的恢复有关。     

薄层扫描法测定还五溶栓胶囊中黄芪甲苷的含量

目的 :测定还五溶栓胶囊中黄芪甲苷的含量。方法 :硅胶G薄层板 ,氯仿 -甲醇 -水 (13∶6∶2 ) 10℃以下放置过夜的下层溶液展开 ,λS=5 30nm ,λR=70 0nm。结果 :线性范围 1.92～ 9.6 0 μg ,97.4 3% ,RSD =3.4 9%。 结论 :该方法可用于还五溶栓胶囊中黄芪甲苷的含量测定     

液中干燥法制备羟甲酰胺微囊及其缓释性研究

目的研究用液中干燥法制备的羟甲酰胺微囊的性质.方法正交实验设计优选制备工艺,光学显微镜观察其形态大小分布等,以体外溶出试验研究其缓释性.结果所得微囊粒径在100～800μm,载药量为53.8%,8h释放百分率为85%.结论液中干燥法制备的羟甲酰胺微囊有良好的开发应用前景.     

Application of network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate the potential mechanism of Astragalus–Scorpion against prostate cancer

The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the Astragalus–Scorpion drug pair in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). We employed network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to retrieving the active ingredients and corresponding targets of Astragalus–Scorpion by using TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM, TCMID and Swiss Target Prediction Databases. The targets related to PCa were retrieved through GeneCards. Cytoscape software was used to construct the ‘active ingredient–target disease’ network, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the common targets. Autodock software was used for molecular docking verification. In total, 26 active ingredients, 340 potential targets related to active ingredients and 122 common targets were screened from Astragalus–Scorpion drug pair. The core targets of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were JUN, AKT1, IL6, MAPK1 and RELA, whereas the core active ingredients were quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, 7-o-methylisomucronulatol and calycosin. Nearly 762 GO entries and 154 pathways were obtained by using the pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking results revealed that quercetin and kaempferol bind to AKT1 and formononetin binds to RELA, all of which were found to be stable bounds.     

复方黄芪袋泡饮改善慢性冠脉供血不足的研究

复方黄芪袋泡饮改善慢性冠脉供血不足的研究刘志泉＊陈跃＊李岩飞＊丁煜＊为寻找一种比传统扩血管药物更为有效的中西药复方制剂以改善冠脉血供，降低心绞痛和心肌梗塞的发生率，我们依据中西药理论，结合现代血液流变学和微循环的科研成果，研制了以黄芪、阿司匹林为主要...