以“四则四法”论治肺间质纤维化

[目的]通过数据挖掘方法,探讨分析宋康教授治疗间质性肺病的中医组方特色和用药规律,总结其临证经验。[方法]收集2014年1月至2018年12月于浙江中医药大学第一附属医院宋康教授门诊治疗的间质性肺病患者病案,提取所有患者处方药物,建立处方数据库;采用关联规则分析、系统聚类分析及中医复杂网络分析等数据挖掘方法进行分析总结,归纳宋康教授辨治间质性肺病的学术经验及用药规律。[结果]本研究共纳入处方1 114首,涉及药物203味。使用频次居前3位的单味药物为浙贝、桔梗、苏子,总结出核心药对3个、药组3组,并得出治疗间质性肺病的核心处方,由前胡、苏子、浙贝、桔梗、半枝莲、半边莲、虎杖、蛇舌草、鱼腥草、紫草、茜草、甘草组成。方中前胡、苏子、浙贝宣肺降气、化痰平喘,桔梗、半枝莲、半边莲、虎杖、蛇舌草、鱼腥草清热解毒散结,紫草、茜草走血分,有解毒祛瘀之功效,甘草调和诸药。[结论]宋康教授在治疗间质性肺病时以"痰""毒""瘀"为切入点,以清热解毒、化痰散瘀、化痰止咳平喘为主,重视固本祛邪、调畅气机,并擅用药对,精于配伍。     

基于数据挖掘探讨宋康教授辨治CVA用药规律

目的：收集整理宋康教授辨治咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）医案,通过统计分析及数据挖掘的方法,探索总结其临床经验及用药规律。方法：本研究采用回顾性研究方法,收集宋康教授2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日期间门诊诊断为CVA的病案,根据纳入标准及排除标准,结合随访资料,建立病案数据库。通过一般情况分析,高频药物分布,关联规则分析,系统聚类分析及Liquorice复杂网络分析,挖掘高频药物及其分布规律,核心药对和药组,核心方,整理总结宋康教授临证经验。结果：通过对325份医案的数据挖掘分析,获得宋康教授治疗CVA的30味高频药物,6对核心药对,4组核心药组,839条关联规则,1个核心方。结论：宋康教授治疗CVA,基于“风咳”理论,以祛风、化痰、清肺、平肝为主,补益脾胃为辅,五脏辨咳,治以复法,擅用药对,精于配伍。     

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学的失眠中药配方规律及作用机制研究

[目的]基于数据挖掘和网络药理学方法,研究《中国知网中药方剂知识库》《中国方剂数据库》《方剂现代应用数据库》中治疗失眠的中药配伍用药规律,并探讨所得高频药组的作用机制。[方法]通过Microsoft Excel 2019软件统计中药频次,SPSS Modeler 18.0软件中的Apriori算法进行关联分析,SPSS Statistics 25.0软件进行聚类分析,运用中药分子作用机制生物信息学分析工具(bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of TCM, BATMAN-TCM)构建“高频中药成分-靶点-疾病”网络,并对其作用靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)功能富集分析。[结果]筛选有效方剂共853首,含469味中药,核心药物有人参、茯苓、酸枣仁、当归、甘草,常用中药类型为补虚药、安神药、清热药、化痰止咳平喘药、解表药。关联规则分析得到6个药对、13个药组,聚类分析得到8个药对、7个药组,发掘得到远志、酸枣仁、当归等高频药组,其主要通过影响神经活动配体-受体相互作用,调控多巴胺能突触和γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)能突触,并通过调节氨基酸等基础代谢以及免疫功能起到抗失眠作用。[结论]关联规则与聚类分析以及网络分析结果表明,中药治疗失眠以安神益智、交通心肾、补脾益气等为主要治则,远志、酸枣仁、当归可能通过调控多巴胺能突触和GABA能突触,调节机体基础代谢和神经活动配体-受体相互作用、钙信号通路、磷酸肌醇-3-激酶-蛋白激酶β(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-Akt)信号通路等多条信号通路发挥治疗失眠的作用。     

基于智能规则的医院检查预约平台应用研究

以上海市胸科医院为例,从总体架构、智能规则库、模型构建和计算等方面阐述基于智能分配规则的医院检查预约平台建设,选取对照组和观察组对平台使用前后预约情况进行对比,结果表明该平台有助于缩短检查等候时间,优化检查预约流程,提升患者满意度。     

朱仁康治疗湿疹用药规律分析

目的:分析朱仁康治疗湿疹的用药规律,明晰其经验与学术思想。方法:以朱仁康教授门诊病历为数据源,运用中国中医科学院中药信息研究所研发的“古今医案云平台V1.4”软件,采用频数分析、关联规则分析方法进行数据挖掘,确定处方中核心药物组合、用药模式及药物间的关联规则等。结果:本研究共收集湿疹患者168例、190诊次、临床表现190个、舌质65个、舌苔75个、脉象60个、方剂130个、中药130味,挖掘出湿疹常见临床症状、常用中药以及药物四气、五味、归经的频数分布;四诊信息、中药的聚类现象;中药与中药、症状与中药的关联规则;核心药物组合的复杂网络。结论:常用药有30味;用药以寒凉为主,兼以温药;苦泻淡渗为主,兼用辛甘;调理心、脾为主,兼治肺、肝、肾、膀胱;常用组合有8组及随症加减常用药。     

The agencies method for coalition formation in experimental games

In society, power is often transferred to another person or group. A previous work studied the evolution of cooperation among robot players through a coalition formation game with a non-cooperative procedure of acceptance of an agency of another player. Motivated by this previous work, we conduct a laboratory experiment on finitely repeated three-person coalition formation games. Human players with different strength according to the coalition payoffs can accept a transfer of power to another player, the agent, who then distributes the coalition payoffs. We find that the agencies method for coalition formation is quite successful in promoting efficiency. However, the agent faces a tension between short-term incentives of not equally distributing the coalition payoff and the long-term concern to keep cooperation going. In a given round, the strong player in our experiment often resolves this tension approximately in line with the Shapley value and the nucleolus. Yet aggregated over all rounds, the payoff differences between players are rather small, and the equal division of payoffs predicts about 80% of all groups best. One reason is that the voting procedure appears to induce a balance of power, independent of the individual player''s strength: Selfish subjects tend to be voted out of their agency and are further disciplined by reciprocal behaviors.     

Bimanual Recoupling by Visual Cueing in Callosal Disconnection

Abstract

The cerebral control of bimanual movements is not completely understood. We investigated a 59-year-old, right-handed man who presented with an acute bimanual coordination deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion involving the entire corpus callosum, which was found on stereotactic biopsy to be an ischemic infarct. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation indicated that the patient had a lack of interhemispheric inhibition, while intracortical inhibition in motor cortex of either side was normal. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed activation of the left SMA, the bilateral motor cortex and anterior cerebellum during spontaneous bimanual thumb-index oppositions, which were uncoupled as evident from simultaneous electromyographic recordings. In contrast, when the bimanual thumb-index oppositions were cued by a visual stimulus, the movements of both hands were tightly correlated. This synchronized activity was accompanied by additional activations bilateral in lateral occipital cortex, dorsal premotor cortex and cerebellum. The data suggest that the visually cued movements of both hands were recoupled by action of a bihemispheric motor network.     

Use of Trial 1 of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) as a Screening Measure of Effort: Suggested Discontinuation Rules

Trial 1 of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) has been suggested as a screening tool, with several possible cut-off scores proposed. The purpose of the present study was to replicate the utility of previously suggested cut-off scores and to characterize neuropsychological profiles of persons who “pass” the TOMM but obtain Trial 1 scores <45 and of persons with cognitive disorders. A total of 229 veterans were administered the TOMM as part of a neuropsychological evaluation. Trial 1 scores ≥41 and ≤25 showed good utility as discontinuation scores for adequate and poor effort, respectively, beyond which administration of additional trials were unnecessary. Findings suggest better Trial 1 performance is significantly related to better speeded mental flexibility and memory.     

Human hippocampal increases in low-frequency power during associative prediction violations

Environmental cues often trigger memories of past events (associative retrieval), and these memories are a form of prediction about imminent experience. Learning is driven by the detection of prediction violations, when the past and present diverge. Using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), we show that associative prediction violations elicit increased low-frequency power (in the slow-theta range) in human hippocampus, that this low-frequency power increase is modulated by whether conditions allow predictions to be generated, that the increase rapidly onsets after the moment of violation, and that changes in low-frequency power are not present in adjacent perirhinal cortex. These data suggest that associative mismatch is computed within hippocampus when cues trigger predictions that are violated by imminent experience.