自拟温润方治疗风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病的临床观察

目的 观察自拟温润方治疗风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病的临床疗效。方法 64例风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病患者,随机分为对照组(31例)和治疗组(33例)。对照组患者给予复方甘草口服溶液治疗,治疗组患者给予温润方治疗。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3、6 d后的中医症状评分以及临床疗效。结果 治疗3、6 d后,两组患者咳嗽、咯痰、恶风、咽痒、鼻塞、流涕、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分均低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组患者治疗3 d后咳嗽、咽痒、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分分别为(2.18±0.98)、(1.15±0.81)、(0.60±0.61)、(0.81±0.71)分,均低于对照组的(3.04±1.62)、(1.68±0.96)、(0.96±0.67)、(1.37±0.86)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者治疗6 d后咳嗽、咽痒、鼻干、口干咽燥症状评分分别为(0.54±0.51)、(0.42±0.48)、(0.40±0.46)、(0.47±0.51)分,均低于对照组的(1.12±0.76)、(1.11±0.98)、(0.88±0.98)、(1.01±0.92)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗3、6 d后咯痰、恶风、鼻塞、流涕症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3 d后,治疗组治疗总有效率90.9%高于对照组的71.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗6 d后,治疗组患者治疗总有效率93.9%与对照组的90.3%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在风寒袭肺型急性咳嗽病治疗中,温润方在缓解咳嗽以及部分次症方面明显优于复方甘草口服溶液,起效更快。     

Emodin attenuates acute lung injury in Cecal-ligation and puncture rats

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of sepsis-induced acute respiratory failure. Emodin has been considered to play a protective role for acute lung edema in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model. In this study we aimed to investigate whether emodin could improve CLP-induced lung sepsis via regulating aquaporin (AQP) and tight junction (TJ), inflammatory factors, and pulmonary apoptosis. The results showed that sepsis-induced pulmonary pathological changes were significantly improved after emodin treatment. Emodin was found to upregulate AQP and TJ expression in the CLP model. Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokine release and pulmonary apoptosis was remarkably reduced after emodin treatment in lung sepsis. Our data demonstrated that emodin could suppresse inflammation, restore pulmonary epithelial barrier and reduce mortality in CLP-induced ALI, suggesting the potential therapeutic application of emodin in sepsis.     

急诊心肌梗死冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者T3水平与心肌再灌注的关系

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）与心肌再灌注的关系。方法采用化学发光法检测205例AMI患者PCI术后血清T3水平，根据T3水平将患者分为A、B、C、D4组，记录并比较4组患者术后冠状动脉TIMI血流分级、心肌呈色分级（MBG）。结果A组（重度低T3组）TIMI3级比例低于B、C、D组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；MBG3级比例低于B、C、D组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。女性患者T3水平（1.00±0.05）nmol/L、TIMI3级比例（32/46，69.6%）、MBG3级比例（24/46，52.2%）均低于男性患者，后者分别为（1.19±0.02）nmol/L、（143/159，89.9%）、（110/159，69.2%），差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论女性AMI患者心肌再灌注水平较男性患者低。AMI患者T3水平与PCI术后冠状动脉再灌注相关，监测T3可以间接反映病情的严重程度。     

益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响

目的 探讨益生菌联合肠内营养对急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群及外周血miR-155的影响。 方法 选取2016年6月至2018年12月河北医科大学第二医院消化内科收治的92例急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为观察组（n=46）和对照组（n=46），对照组在常规治疗基础上给予肠内营养治疗，观察组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片，观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群、炎性介质及血清miR-155变化，比较两组患者治疗后胃肠道功能恢复情况。结果 治疗后，观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌增加数量，肠球菌、大肠埃希菌减少数量，血清CRP、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α、miR-155降低水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组患者胃肠生活质量量表（GIQLI）评分高于对照组，腹胀消失时间、腹痛消失时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、血清淀粉酶恢复正常时间均少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 益生菌联合肠内营养治疗急性胰腺炎可调节肠道菌群平衡，降低血清miR-155水平，缓解炎性反应，促进肠道功能恢复。     

重视急腹症的介入治疗

目的急腹症是指以急性腹痛为主要发病特征的一组临床急症。其特点是起病急、病情变化快且严重,常需外科处理。因此,在传统医学观念上,急腹症属于外科范畴。随着介入医学在临床应用的日益广泛,急腹症的介入治疗逐渐显现出明显的优势,这种优势表现在以下两个方面:①现代医学影像学的发展为急腹症及时正确的诊断提供了可能;②介入治疗技术以其创伤小见效快为特点,较之传统外科手术更具治疗优势。因此,我们有理由相信对于急腹症,介入诊断和治疗应该成为首先考虑的手段。应当高度重视急腹症的介入治疗。     

缺血修饰性白蛋白在急性缺血性胸痛中的诊断价值

目的 评价缺血修饰性白蛋白（ischemia modified albumin，IMA）对急性缺血性胸痛（ICP）的早期诊断价值。方法 时206例发病〈12h、表现为急性胸痛的患者立即行12导联心电图（ECG）检查，并抽血进行IMA、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌酸激酶同工酶MB（CK-MB）测定。将ECG、IMA、cTnI、CK-MB的结果单独或结合与最终诊断为非缺血性胸痛（NICP）及ICP的相互关系进行比较。结果 最后诊断为ICP98例，NICP108例，ICP发病〈3h和3-6h组IMA水平明显升高，与NICP组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）；ICP发病〉6h组IMA水平与NICP组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。IMA诊断发病〈3hICP的敏感性和阴性预测值（NPV）为89．1％和88．8％，明显高于ECG、cTnI和CK-MB，四者结合为97．6％和96．9％；IMA诊断发病3～6hICP的敏感性和NPV为71．7％和74．5％，也高于ECG、cTnI、CK-MB，四者结合为95．5％和94．2％；但IMA对于发病〉6h的ICP则无诊断作用。结论 IMA是诊断ICP的早期敏感生化指标，对于发病〈6h（尤其是〈3h）的ICP诊断具有较高的敏感性和NPV，优于ECG、CK-MB、cTnI；将IMA与其他指标结合，可进一步提高对ICP的诊断价值。     

Translocation between chromosome 5q35 and chromosome 11q13 – an unusual cytogenetic finding in a primary refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Cytogenetic abnormalities are observed in approximately two‐thirds of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chromosome rearrangements are associated with specific subtypes of AML and associated prognosis. We report a patient with AML, M2, who was primarily refractory to standard induction chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine. Flow cytometry of a bone marrow aspirate showed aberrant expression of B‐cell markers including CD19. Cytogenetic studies disclosed a translocation between 5q35 and 11q13. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that neither the NSD1 nor MLL genes were involved in this case. Further study is required to define conclusively the genes involved and their contribution to pathogenesis in this case.     

机械通气在胸部开放伤后海水灌入胸腔致急性肺损伤救治中的应用

目的探讨机械通气在胸部开放伤后海水灌入胸腔致急性肺损伤（ALI）救治中的应用。方法锐器致胸部开放伤后胸腔内灌注海水（35ml／kg）制备ALI成年杂交犬动物模型，随机分为未救治组、普通救治组、机械通气组，每组6只。未救治组在ALI出现后不实施任何救治措施，普通救治组给以鼻导管吸氧、胸腔闭式引流、静脉输入5％葡萄糖液等，机械通气组将普通救治组鼻导管吸氧改为机械通气。动态观察血气分析、血流动力学变化，检测外周血中炎症介质的变化。结果胸部开放伤后海水灌入胸腔可导致ALI，普通救治组PaO2虽有所升高但仍显著低于正常，机械通气能快速纠正低氧血症，两组在纠正高渗、高钠、高氯血症和改善血流动力学方面无显著差异。结论胸部开放伤后海水灌入胸腔引起严重ALI，机械通气具有良好的治疗效果。     

Effect of Induction Therapy Protocols on Transplant Outcomes in Crossmatch Positive Renal Allograft Recipients Desensitized with IVIG

Here we retrospectively examine the efficacy of two antibody induction regimens using Zenapax or Thymoglobulin in patients with positive complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatches (CDC-CMXs) desensitized with IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin). Between January 1999 and March 2005, 97 patients with (+) CDC-CMXs received kidney transplants (43 deceased donors/54 living donors). All patients received at least 2 g/kg IVIG (maximum four doses) until an acceptable CMX was obtained. Patients were divided into two groups: 1. IVIG + Zenapax (n = 58), 2. IVIG + Thymoglobulin (n = 39). A total of 94% of patients in Group 1 and 84% in G2 have at least 2 years of follow up. Patient and graft survival was 96%/84% in Group 1 and 100%/90% in Group 2, p = NS. The number and severity of AR episodes were similar (36% Group 1 vs. 31% Group 2, p = NS) as was the incidence of C4d (+) antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (Banff Grade II/III) (22% Group 1 vs. 21% Group 2). Mean serum creatinines (SCrs) at 24 months were similar (Group 1: 1.4 +/- 0.7 vs. G2: 1.5 +/- 0.7 mg/dL). Induction therapy with Zenapax or Thymoglobulin results in excellent patient, graft survival and graft function at 2 years. There was no increased risk of viral infections or malignancies with either agent. Neither agent was effective in reducing the incidence of AMR.     

80岁以上高龄患者急性脑梗塞的临床特点分析

目的:探讨超过80岁的高龄急性脑梗塞患者的临床特点。方法:58例高龄(均≥80岁)急性脑梗塞患者,大多数行头颅MRI平扫加弥散加权成像(DWl),少数行CT检查。依影像学结果按梗塞病灶的大小分为两组:大面积梗塞(直径>1.5cm)及小面积梗塞(直径≤1.5cm,主要为腔隙性梗塞)组。回顾比较两组间发病特点;糖尿病、高血压、颈动脉硬化、冠心病、房颤的发生率;治疗方法、平均住院时间、30天病死率、日常生活活动能力(ADL)等临床指标。结果:大面积梗塞组占16例(27.6%),小面积梗塞组占42例(72.4%)。首发症状中大面积梗塞组以意识障碍(87.5%vs23.8%;P=0.018)、严重偏瘫(93.8%vs28.6%;P=0.012)、头痛(43.8%vs14.3%;P=0.026)、言语障碍等症状为主,小面积梗塞以以肢体无力、行走不稳(64.3%vs6.3%;P=0.001)、头昏、眩晕(52.4%vs25.0%;P=0.028)、言语不清、感觉障碍等症状为主。大面积梗塞组房颤高发(43,8%vs14.3%;P=0.030),小面积梗塞组高血压(88.1%vs56.3%;P=0.041)、糖尿病(54.8%vs18.8%;P=0.021)高发。在大面积梗塞组急性期用低分子肝素抗凝较多(75.0%vs40,5%;P=0.035),两组均以口服抗血小板药物为主。大面积梗塞组的并发症较多,平均住院日为小面积梗塞组的近二倍,死亡率较后者明显增高(25.0%vs4.8%;P=0.035)。结论:高龄急性脑梗塞患者以较小面积的腔隙性脑梗塞多见。小面积梗塞组高血压、糖尿病的发生较高。大面积梗塞组房颤的发生较高,有较高的死亡率,预后较差,需要更积极的综合诊治管理。常规尽早行头颅MRI加DWI有助于急性脑梗塞的早期诊断治疗。