低潮气量治疗在机械通气肺结核术后合并呼吸衰竭患者中的应用

目的 探讨低潮气量维持通气对肺结核术后合并呼吸衰竭患者的应用价值。方法 在有效的抗结核、抗感染治疗的基础上，对32例肺结核术后合并呼吸衰竭患者进行低潮气量（6～8ml／kg）机械通气治疗，观察疗效及并发症。结果 呼吸衰竭治愈31例，死亡1例，治愈率96．9％，无明显并发症。结论 低潮气量维持通气对肺结核术后合并呼吸衰竭患者的治疗是安全的，且疗效显著。     

腹茧症7例临床分析

目的:探讨腹茧症病因诊断和治疗的方法.方法:对2004～2006年住院7例腹茧症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:6例有外科急腹症的表现,术前分别诊断为:消化道穿孔、十二指肠淤滞症、盆腔囊肿、盆腔子宫内膜异位症、原因不明的急性肠梗阻;另1例行胃癌手术时发现本病.7例术前均未明确诊断,经手术证实为腹茧症.术后全部治愈出院,随访无复发. 结论:腹茧症临床表现不典型,诊断困难,误诊率高,确诊需剖腹探查和病理切片.纤维包膜切除术和肠粘连松解术是治疗本病的有效方法.     

肝移植病人术后急性肾功能衰竭18例临床分析

目的:探讨影响肝移植术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的原因及处理方法。方法:回顾性分析我院91例肝移植病人中发生与未发生术后急性肾功能衰竭病人的临床资料,采用单因素分析和Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果:肾衰组病人1年生存率低于对照组;与术后发生早期急性肾功能衰竭的有关因素包括术前血清肌酐、总胆红素、总手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术中输液总量、术中尿量。术前血清肌酐高和术中尿量是术后早期急性肾功能衰竭发生的独立影响因素。移植术后发生急性肾功能衰竭的病人ICU留置时间延长,术后住院时间延长,住院费用升高。结论:肝移植术后有较高的急性肾功能衰竭发生率,对术后少尿、血清肌酐水平升高的病人及早实施肾脏替代等治疗能有效降低其发病率和死亡率。     

Decision analysis model of incisional hernia after open abdominal surgery

Background The incidence rate of incisional hernias after open surgery has been reported to be higher than that of port site hernias after laparoscopic surgery. No studies have compared the costs for the health care system in treating those two types of hernia. Methods A systematic review was conducted to obtain the baseline data, and a decision analysis model was created to simulate the occurrence and recurrence of incisional and port site hernias. Results The overall risk of having incisional hernias was eight-times higher than that of having port site hernias (7.4% vs 0.9%). A cost savings of ￡93 per patient can be generated for the health care system in the UK. Similar results were obtained for Germany, Italy and France. Conclusions The additional treatment costs for incisional hernia should be taken into account when the costs of a surgery performed by open approach are compared with by laparoscopy.     

Postoperative pain management—clinical practice is still not optimal

Major progress in clinical pain assessment and management has been achieved in the last decade. More effective analgesic drugs and improved techniques for pain management have been introduced. However, medical reports published during the last few years on postoperative pain management (POPM) indicate that moderate or even severe pain is still rather commonly experienced by surgical patients in the early postoperative period and that worst-pain-episodes may occur even in the late postoperative phase. Insufficient relief of postoperative pain seems a more common problem on surgical wards than on a postanaesthesia care unit (PACU). The aims of POPM are to inhibit autonomic trauma-induced nociceptive impulses that may result in functional disturbances of vital organs and thereby affect the incidence of potentially severe complications influencing clinical outcome. Considering that recent studies continue to show sub-optimal pain management despite the availability of effective drugs and analgesic techniques it must be considered essential to identify possible barriers to effective pain management in clinical practice so that necessary improvements in POPM routines can be carried out.     

Composite prostheses for the repair of abdominal wall defects: effect of the structure of the adhesion barrier component

The component of a composite prosthesis, which makes contact with the visceral peritoneum, can be reabsorbable or non-reabsorbable, and laminar or reticular. This study was designed to determine whether the composition of this second, barrier component could improve its behavior at this interface. Abdominal wall defects in rabbits were repaired using a polypropylene prosthesis (PP), or the composites Sepramesh (PP+h) or Vicryl (PP+v). Fourteen days after surgery, the implants were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Prosthetic areas occupied by adhesions (PP: 71.08±5.09, PP+h: 18.55±4.96, P+v: 69.69±16.81%), neoperitoneal thickness (PP: 256.17±21.68, PP+h: 83.11±19.63, PP+v:213.72±35.90 μm) and macrophage counts (PP: 8.73±1.16, PP+h: 27.33±4.13, PP+v: 31.24±3.08%) showed significant differences (P<0.05). The tested biomaterials induced an optimal recipient tissue infiltration. Least adhesion formation was observed on the PP+h implants. This suggests that the second component, although reabsorbable, should be smooth in structure.     

术后镇痛10年后的质量控制探讨：1168例回顾性研究

目的 了解术后镇痛的现状，探讨术后镇痛的质量控制问题。方法 回顾近3个月1168例术后镇痛所采用的镇痛方法和预防术后恶心呕吐的方法，了解镇痛效果和副作用的发生情况，并分析影响镇痛效果和副作用发生率的有关因素，患者的满意度情况。结果 90％采用了连续硬膜外镇痛法，配方主要是小剂量吗啡复合低浓度布比卡因或罗比卡因，静脉镇痛主要采用吗啡复合氯诺昔康。预防术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的方法有5-HT3受体拮抗剂（昂丹司琼或阿扎司琼），氟哌啶，地塞米松等，单用或复合应用。连续硬膜外镇痛需要补救镇痛者约5％，静脉镇痛补救镇痛者约10％。PONV总体发生率低，妇科开腹手术低至20％，女性非妇科手术低至10％，剖宫产术低至1％，使用氟哌啶使妇科手术PONV降低约50％。1例高龄患者出现血氧饱和度下降至82％，经停药、吸氧等处理好转。硬膜外导管脱落0．5％。瘙痒、头晕等并发症小于5％。通过补救镇痛，及时处理并发症，患者满意度在90％以上。结论 硬膜外镇痛方法效果优于静脉镇痛方法，适度镇痛，减少镇痛药量，增加安全性，重视PONV的预防，及时处理镇痛不足和副作用，从而提高患者的满意度，是术后镇痛质量控制的可行的理念和方法。     

术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成的诊断与治疗

目的 分析腹部术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成的临床特点及诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性总结我院14年间7例腹部术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成患者的临床资料。结果 患者均体胖，主要临床表现为持续剧烈的腹痛和呕吐，腹部体征相比较轻；有2例甚至出现全身中毒症状。腹部X线检查均提示肠梗阻；4例腹部CT检查，其中3例提示本病；6例术前腹腔穿刺出血性液体。7例患者均予以手术探查，分别切除长度不一的坏死小肠段。2例术后出现短肠综合征，其中1例因严重营养不良，衰竭死亡。4例术后反复出现门静脉、肠系膜静脉和髂静脉血栓，需出院后长期服用肠溶阿斯匹林或华法令钠。结论 术后早期肠系膜静脉血栓形成在临床上无何特异性的症状和体征，极易误诊。治疗方面应强调及时地剖腹探查并配合使用全身性的抗凝溶栓药物。     

Comparison of trichloroethylene and enflurane as adjuncts to nitrous oxide and relaxant anaesthesia

Forty women who underwent gynaecological surgery were randomly allocated to receive trichloroethylene, enflurane, or enflurane plus fentanyl as adjuncts to nitrous oxide/relaxant anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. No serious cardiac dysrhythmias were seen in any group. Each patient was observed postoperatively for 4 hours by a nurse blind to the technique used, and questioned at 24 hours by a similarly blinded anaesthetist. Recovery after trichloroethylene was not significantly prolonged although postoperative analgesia by visual analogue was better, opiate analgesia was required less frequently and there was less nausea and vomiting than in either of the enflurane groups. We argue for the continued use of trichloroethylene by this technique, because it costs one hundred times less than enflurane and because of the potential morbidity of the postoperative opiate dosage required after enflurane.     

闭合性胃损伤50例临床分析

回顾性分析50例闭合性腹部创伤中胃损伤患者的临床资料,其中胃穿孔20例,胃撕裂伤30例,胃穿孔患者受伤时均为饱食胃状态,胃撕裂伤患者正相反;49例存在合并伤,肝胰损伤是胃撕裂伤患者的常见合并症(15/30与10/30),而脾损伤是胃穿孔患者的常见合并症(11/20).均行手术治疗,手术方式为胃修补术.治愈48例,病死2例,病死率4%.外科手术是主要治疗方式,以修补术为主,手术中应注意处理合并伤及合并症.