俯卧位机械通气治疗肺外源性ARDS和肺内源性ARDS的效果比较

目的探讨俯卧位机械通气在肺外源性ARDS和肺内源性ARDS患者中的治疗效果差异。方法选取2014年3月至2015年11月我院收治120例ARDS患者为研究对象,根据患者发病不同原因分为A组(肺内源性ARDS患者,60例)和B组(肺外源性ARDS患者,60例),比较两组患者俯卧位机械通气4 h后的血氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压及心指数。结果 B组患者的PaO_2、PaO_2/FiO_2均显著高于A组,PaCO_2显著低于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者HR、平均动脉压及心指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论俯卧位机械通气在肺外源性ARDS的治疗效果较肺内源性ARDS更为显著,但对血流动力学无影响。     

氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后的关系

目的探讨氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后的关系。方法选取2008年1月至2012年10月山东省即墨市人民医院行有创通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭患者75例,其中死亡28例,设为死亡组,存活47例,设为存活组;比较两组患者行有创通气治疗前急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅲ评分、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分,治疗1、3、7 d后氧合指数(Pa O2/Fi O2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)及p H值等血气分析指标水平。结果存活组和死亡组患者行有创通气治疗前急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅲ(APACHEⅢ)评分和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组和死亡组患者治疗1 d后Pa O2/Fi O2、Pa CO2及p H水平组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗3、7 d后Pa CO2和p H水平组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但死亡组患者治疗3、7 d后Pa O2/Fi O2水平明显低于存活组(P<0.05);存活组和死亡组在治疗后不同时间(1、3、7 d)的Pa O2/Fi O2和Pa CO2比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后关系密切,可作为临床评价重要参考指标之一。     

高频彩超检查评价原发性高血压颈动脉硬化的临床价值分析

目的：研究并分析高频彩超对原发性高血压颈动脉硬化的临床诊断价值，以提高此疾病的临床诊断准确率。方法：我院2011年3月1日－2013年3月1日期间共收治原发性高血压颈动脉硬化患者98例，另取健康患者98例，并将其设为对照组，对上述两组患者的临床资料与诊断方式进行科学的回顾性分析。结果：观察组患者的 IMT 明显增厚，且患者的各型斑块检出率也明显高于对照组患者，二者之间的差异具有显著性，即 P ＜0.05。结论：高频彩超是临床中诊断原发性高血压颈动脉硬化的首选方式，其具有检出率高、方便、快捷等特点，可为临床预防与治疗原发性高血压颈动脉硬化提供真实、客观的依据。     

肠镜下高频电大肠息肉摘除术的配合及护理干预

目的探讨肠镜下高频电大肠息肉摘除术的护理配合及干预效果。方法 80例行肠镜下高频电大肠息肉摘除术患者,给予手术全程护理干预,包括术前心理干预、术中与术者密切配合及术后强化并发症护理干预。评价手术成功率及并发症发生情况。结果 80例患者134枚息肉均成功摘除,手术成功率100.0%。3例术后并发症,并发症发生率为3.8%。结论肠镜下高频电大肠息肉摘除术中配合全程护理干预,能进一步提出息肉一次切除率,减少并发症发生,故建议临床强化手术过程的护理配合,确保护理效果。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中临床价值

目的观察适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中的临床价值。方法选取自2016年1月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的121例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。所有患者均接受呼吸机治疗,根据机械通气模式不同,将患者分入A组(同步间歇指令通气,n=60)和B组(适应性支持通气,n=61)。比较两组患者的呼吸动力学相关指标(呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压、第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性),呼吸机撤机时间和撤机成功率,不同时间点(通气前、通气2 h、拔管前)血气分析值(pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压)。结果 B组患者呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压均低于A组,第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性均高于A组。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者呼吸机撤机时间短于A组,撤机成功率高于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者通气前、通气2 h、拔管前的pH值、氧分压呈逐渐上升趋势,二氧化碳分压呈逐渐下降趋势;本组3个时间点的pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中采用适应性支持通气模式,可促进患者自主呼吸功能恢复,减少通气时间,提高撤机成功率,安全性较好。