Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

上胸椎前方手术入路

上胸椎前方解剖关系复杂，由浅及深为肌层：颈阔肌，胸锁乳突肌；骨性结构：胸骨柄，胸锁关节；血管性结构：左、右颈总动脉，主动脉弓，无名动脉，左无名静脉，左、右头臂静脉，甲状腺下动脉，胸导管；神经组织：喉返神经，交感神经链；其他深层组织：食管，气管，甲状腺，胸腺。这些器官和组织相互交错，互为邻里，错综复杂。此处椎体或脊髓前方病变时，前方入路可直接暴露病变部位，术野清晰，手术直接，效果明确，但易损伤以上相邻组织，严重者损伤胸髓，导致患者高位截瘫。     

脑室置管和腰椎穿刺行脑脊液置换治疗严重蛛网膜下腔出血44例报告

自1997年1月至2004年8月,我们应用侧脑室外引流和腰椎穿刺放液、脑脊液置换治疗严重自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)44例,效果良好。现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男24例,女20例;年龄18岁~74岁,平均58岁,其中60岁以上20例,占45.4%。全部病人均行多次脑CT检查,均有广泛蛛网膜     

肌筋膜缝线悬吊法下睑袋整复术

下睑袋整复术作为常见的面部美容手术，虽然术式众多，但术后并发症仍时有发生。自2002年以来，我们用了新的肌筋膜缝线悬吊法，行下睑袋整复手术40例。它主要针对重度睑袋，下睑缘外露，下睑松弛，下睑退缩，外眦下移，或下睑外翻需要再次手术的病例，经临床观察满意，报道如下。     

乙字汤运用心得

乙字汤是治疗肛肠疾病的著名方剂,出处无从考证,因结肠形似“乙”字而得名。该方由柴胡10g、黄芩10g、当归12g、升麻6g、大黄6g、生甘草10g组成,其中柴胡、甘草需等量,其因不得而知。忆在大学讲堂先师尹质明讲授湿热肠风下血一证时,对该方之功效大加赞赏,随师临证观其效,如鼓应     

低颅压综合征1例报告

低颅压综合征并非少见,常被误诊,尤其是当腰穿见到血性脑脊液时,常被诊断为蛛网膜下腔出血,而进行很多不必要的检查,给病人及家属造成过重负担。现将笔者遇到的1例低颅压综合征病例报告如下。1临床资料患者女,40岁。既往健康,无头部外伤史和腰穿史。入院3天前跑步后发生额部疼痛,为持续性疼痛,恶心、呕吐2次,无发热和周身不适;卧床时头痛明显减轻,坐起或站立后头痛很快加重。在厂医院对症治疗不见好转来诊。来诊时查体:意识清楚,血压正常,未查到任何神经系统阳性体征。头颅CT未见异常。腰穿脑脊液:初压为60 mm H2O,脑脊液黄染,常规检查蛋…     

下呼吸道感染革兰阳性球菌耐药性监测

对2004年3月至2006年3月收患者痰标本中分离出的220株G+球菌进行耐药性监测,现报道如下。1对象和方法1.1对象220株G+球菌均来自2004年3月至2006年3月间下呼吸道感染患者的痰标本,痰标本的留取、胰消化及分离鉴定均严格按《全国临床检验操作规程》[1]完成。1.2药敏测定采用K-B琼脂扩散法,按NCCLS2002年标准判读结果。为便于统计,中介按耐药统计。所用M-H琼脂、药敏纸片均购于杭州天和微生物试剂有限公司。1.3质控菌株金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923购于中国卫生部药品鉴定所,每周进行质控,结果均合格。2结果2.1病原菌分离状况1193份痰标本共…     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨下段骨干并髁上髁间粉碎性骨折

近年来由于交通及煤矿事业的发展，高能量损伤越来越多，股骨下段骨干并髁上髁间严重粉碎性骨折有所增多，属影响了关节面的骨折，对它的治疗必须进行手术处理，但以往难以找到可靠的处理方法，我科于2001年2月到2005年2月共收治了26例，采用了逆行交锁髓内钉固定并取髂骨植骨取得了较好的疗效。报告如下：     

神经病、神经外科和精神病学杂志

严重脑损伤后17年的社会心理调整;由琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDHA）黄素蛋白（Fp）亚单位突变所致Leigh综合征;动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期循环中的内皮细胞激活标记物水平：与脑缺血事件和预后的关系;CSF前列腺素E2水平与认知功能下降和阿尔茨海默病存活率的关系；变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病患者的CSF磷酸-tau蛋白浓度升高：诊断和病理学意义。     

急性心肌梗塞后阿-斯综合征1例

患，男，50岁，在劳累中忽感心前区疼痛，面色苍白，随后晕倒，20min后急送入我院。心电图示下壁心肌梗塞超早期改变，三度房室传导阻滞，心率30肷／min，入院后0．5h突发心脏骤停，立即给予胸外心脏按压，阿托品lmg静推，意识转清，恢复窦性心律。患烦躁，述胸前区疼痛，查肌钙蛋白I阳性。2h后行尿激酶150万U静脉溶栓治疗，胸痛1h后缓解，心电图示S—T段回降至等电位线，血清CK—MB（肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶）酶峰值提前。住院期间未再发生任何心律失常，治疗35d痊愈出院。