经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

B细胞介导的体液免疫应答在肝移植急性排斥反应中的作用

目前，国内外肝移植学界对肝移植术后急性排斥反应(AR)的机制阐释为T细胞介导的细胞免疫应答，但为获得长期生存仍需长期乃至终身服用免疫抑制剂。即使如此，临床上AR仍时有发生，并导致相当一部分受者移植肝功能丧失，更重要的是受者术后还受到感染、肿瘤和其他一系列不良反应及沉重经济负担的影响。因此，为肝移植AR机制提出新的理论解释，更全面深入阐明肝移植免疫排斥反应的内在机制，进而依据新的机制研制出新型免疫抑制剂已势在必行。本文就B细胞介导的体液免疫应答在肝移植AR中的作用作一综述。     

全面护理干预在慢性阑尾炎患者术后的应用效果

目的研究全面护理干预在慢性阑尾炎患者术后的应用效果。方法选取2016年1月至2018年9月遂平县中医院93例慢性阑尾炎患者,按入院时间分为常规组(46例)和全面干预组(47例),均行阑尾切除术。常规组接受常规护理,全面干预组在常规组基础上联合全面护理干预。对比两组肠功能恢复时间、首次下床时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、干预满意度。结果全面干预组肠功能恢复时间、首次下床时间、住院时间较常规组短(均P<0.05)。全面干预组并发症发生率为[4.26%(2/47)]与常规组[8.70%(4/46)]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。全面干预组干预满意度[95.74%(45/47)]较常规组[80.43%(37/46)]高(P<0.05)。结论予以慢性阑尾炎患者术后全面护理干预可促进康复进程,控制并发症发生风险,提高干预满意度。     

痰热清注射液联合哌拉西林-舒巴坦、噻托溴铵对COPD急性加重期并肺部感染的作用探讨

目的探讨慢阻肺(COPD)急性加重期(AECOPD)并肺部感染中痰热清注射液联合哌拉西林-舒巴坦、噻托溴铵的作用。方法选取我院2017年1月～2018年1月81例收治的AECOPD并肺部感染病患随机分为对照组40例和观察组41例,对照组予哌拉西林-舒巴坦+噻托溴铵+支持治疗,观察组予痰热清注射液+哌拉西林-舒巴坦+噻托溴铵+支持治疗。对比治疗前后肺功能、炎症因子水平变化,疗效及药物副反应。结果治疗后两组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC较治疗前均升高,且观察组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC升高更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组血清IL-6、TNF-α水平较治疗前均降低,IL-10水平均升高,且治疗后观察组血清IL-6、TNF-α水平低于对照组,IL-10水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组疗效分布及总有效率对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);药物副反应发生率组间对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对AECOPD并肺部感染患者采用痰热清注射液联合哌拉西林-舒巴坦、噻托溴铵治疗能够改善肺功能,控制炎症因子水平,增强疗效,且并不会增加药物副反应。     

CETP基因多态性与脓毒症急性肾损伤风险及血脂水平的关联性

目的 探讨胆固醇酯转运蛋白(CETP)基因多态性与脓毒症患者急性肾损伤(AKI)风险及血脂水平的关联性。方法 选择福建医科大学附属第二医院急诊科2020年1月-2020年12月脓毒症住院患者为研究对象，根据患者入院后7 d内是否发生AKI分为合并AKI组46例和未合并AKI组40例。针对CETP基因rs1800777位点设计特异性引物并采用聚合酶链式扩增反应和Sanger测序确定分型结果。患者均在入院时检测血清总胆固醇(TG)、甘油三酯(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。结果 CETP基因rs1800777位点由GG、GA、AA三种基因型构成，其中合并AKI组AA基因型、A等位基因频率均高于未合并AKI组(P<0.05);合并AKI组TC、HDL-C水平低于未合并AKI组(P<0.05),两组TG、LDL-C水平比较，无统计学差异；脓毒症合并AKI携带GG型、GA型和AA型患者HDL-C水平整体比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中AA型HDL-C水平低于GA型和GG型(P<0.05),3组TG、TC以及LDL-C水平以及GG型和GA型患者HDL-C水平比较，无统计学差异。结论 CETP基因rs1800777位点AA基因型显著增加脓毒症AKI风险，其原因可能与该基因调节HDL-C表达有关。     

急性精索附睾睾丸炎致睾丸坏死一例报告

<正>急性附睾睾丸炎是泌尿外科的常见病,根据病史、体检及超声等辅助检查,诊断并不困难,一般采取抗生素控制感染、活血化瘀、卧床、抬高阴囊和局部理疗等保守治疗,多能治愈,导致睾丸坏死的患者临床较少见~([1])。本研究对1例急性精索附睾睾丸炎致睾丸坏死患者诊治情况进行分析。