玉米小麦制粉作业粉尘对肺功能的影响

对玉米和小麦制粉作业环境进行了劳动卫生调查,同时测定了158名接尘工人肺通气功能。制粉作业粉尘是含有机物97%,游离SiO_2含量<1%,5μm以下粒子占90%以上的单纯谷物粉尘。空气中粉尘浓度为10.0mg/m~3～53.7mg/m~3(G)。73%接尘工人出现肺功能异常。肺功能指标除VC外均较对照组下降。肺功能随接尘时间延长和粉尘浓度增高而下降。肺功能障碍以阻塞型为主占91%。反映小气道功能敏感的MMEF及FEF_(75～85)异常检出率为66%和61%。可见,单纯谷物粉尘对肺功能损害作用不容忽视。     

烟曲霉震颤素B的高效液相色谱检测方法的建立

介绍了一种简便、快捷的检测烟曲霉震颤素Ｂ的高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）检测方法，用三氯甲烷提取后直接进样，方法检出限为１．５～２．０ｐｇ，在２．５～４００ｐｇ范围内线性良好，方法回收率为８４．４％～１０９．３％     

金属桩银汞核在后牙牙体缺损修复中的应用

（1）目的 探讨金属桩银汞核在后牙残根残冠修复中的作用。（2）方法 选择粗细适宜的金属桩,粘固在预备好的根管内,用银汞包绕金属桩,形成银汞核,在银汞核上制作金属烤瓷冠。（3）结果 42颗后牙的残根残冠,经2年的随访观察,牙齿咬He正常,边缘密合,牙周情况良好。（4）结论 应用金属桩银汞核联合金属烤瓷冠修复后牙的残根残冠是一种理想而简便的修复方法。     

Glycaemic response of proso millet-based (Panicum miliaceum) products

The glycaemic response of millet foods and the effect of processing are not known. Therefore, decorticated proso millet was used to produce four types of common food products (biscuits, couscous, porridge and an extruded snack). Postprandial blood glucose response of these products (all containing 50?g of total starch) was compared to the same foods produced with refined corn, in a crossover human study with 12 healthy male participants (age 26.3?±?3.8?yr; BMI 23.3?±?2.8?kg/m²). Capillary blood samples were collected and glycaemic response was determined; differences were assessed using repeat measures ANOVA. Overall, the mean (±SEM) incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (mmol?min/l) of the proso millet products was different from the corn products, but individual products (couscous?=?66.7?±?11.6, biscuit?=?82.6?±?13.7, extrudate?=?198.7?±?20.9, porridge?=?40.1?±?5.8) were not significantly lower (couscous?=?43.5?±?5.8, biscuit?=?102.0?±?10.3, extrudate?=?198.7?±?20.9, porridge?=?52.2?±?8.1) (p?>?.05). Glycaemic response of the products was not dependent on the grain type, but rather product matrix.     

High-fructose corn syrup and sucrose have equivalent effects on energy-regulating hormones at normal human consumption levels

Intake of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has been suggested to contribute to the increased prevalence of obesity, whereas a number of studies and organizations have reported metabolic equivalence between HFCS and sucrose. We hypothesized that HFCS and sucrose would have similar effects on energy-regulating hormones and metabolic substrates at normal levels of human consumption and that these values would not change over a 10-week, free-living period at these consumption levels. This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, parallel group study in which 138 adult men and women consumed 10 weeks of low-fat milk sweetened with either HFCS or sucrose at levels of the 25th, 50th, and 90th percentile population consumption of fructose (the equivalent of 40, 90, or 150 g of sugar per day in a 2000-kcal diet). Before and after the 10-week intervention, 24-hour blood samples were collected. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, leptin, active ghrelin, triglyceride, and uric acid was measured. There were no group differences at baseline or posttesting for all outcomes (interaction, P > .05). The AUC response of glucose, active ghrelin, and uric acid did not change between baseline and posttesting (P > .05), whereas the AUC response of insulin (P < .05), leptin (P < .001), and triglyceride (P < .01) increased over the course of the intervention when the 6 groups were averaged.     

Survey of American food trends and the growing obesity epidemic

The rapid rise in the incidence of obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing global public health issues in recent years. The underlying etiological causes of obesity, whether behavioral, environmental, genetic, or a combination of several of them, have not been completely elucidated. The obesity epidemic has been attributed to the ready availability, abundance, and overconsumption of high-energy content food. We determined here by Pearson''s correlation the relationship between food type consumption and rising obesity using the loss-adjusted food availability data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Economic Research Services (ERS) as well as the obesity prevalence data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Our analysis showed that total calorie intake and consumption of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) did not correlate with rising obesity trends. Intake of other major food types, including chicken, dairy fats, salad and cooking oils, and cheese also did not correlate with obesity trends. However, our results surprisingly revealed that consumption of corn products correlated with rising obesity and was independent of gender and race/ethnicity among population dynamics in the U.S. Therefore, we were able to demonstrate a novel link between the consumption of corn products and rising obesity trends that has not been previously attributed to the obesity epidemic. This correlation coincides with the introduction of bioengineered corns into the human food chain, thus raising a new hypothesis that should be tested in molecular and animal models of obesity.     

Subchronic feeding study with genetically modified stacked trait lepidopteran and coleopteran resistant (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1xDAS-59122-7) maize grain in Sprague-Dawley rats

DAS-Ø15Ø7-1xDAS-59122-7 (1507 × 59122) is a genetically modified (GM) maize hybrid that was produced by crossing of two GM maize inbreds; DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 and DAS-59122-7. This hybrid cross expresses four transgenic proteins: Cry1F and PAT (from DAS-Ø15Ø7-1) and Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 and PAT (from DAS-59122-7) that confer resistance to lepidopteran and coleopteran pests and tolerance to the herbicidal active ingredient glufosinate-ammonium. The current subchronic feeding study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the potential health effects of long-term consumption of a rodent diet containing 1507 × 59122 maize grain compared with a diet containing maize grain from its near-isogenic control (091). Diets formulated with three unrelated non-GM commercial hybrids (3573, 35P12, 36G12) were also included for within study reference data. All diets contained 34% (w/wt) maize grain and were prepared according to the specifications of PMI^® Nutrition International, LLC Certified Rodent LabDiet^® 5002 (PMI^® 5002). Diets were fed ad libitum to rats for at least 92 days. OECD 408 response variables from rats fed the 1507 × 59122 diet were compared with those from rats fed the 091 control diet. No toxicologically significant differences were observed in nutritional performance variables, clinical and neurobehavioral signs, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation, and urinalysis), organ weights, and gross and microscopic pathology between rats in the 091 and 1507 × 59122 treatment groups. The results from this study demonstrate that 1507 × 59122 maize grain is as safe and nutritious as non-GM maize grain and support the concept that crossing of two safe GM maize events results in production of a safe stacked GM event.     

酶法提取玉米须总黄酮工艺研究试验

玉米须是禾本科作物玉米的干燥花丝和柱头,是一种来源丰富、价格低廉、易于采集收集的药材。近年的临床应用表明,其对高血压、糖尿病等疾病具有很好的疗效。但是,迄今有关玉米须化学成分及药理作用研究还很不深入和系统,致使绝大多数玉米须丢弃未得到充分利用。有试验表明,黄酮类化合物在玉米须中不仅有较高的含量还有较高的生物活性:例如玉米须黄酮提取物对增加机体运动负荷的适应能力、抵抗疲劳产生和加速疲劳消除方面具有明显的作用。因此玉米须具有良好的药用和食用价值,是一种极具开发前景的植物资源。玉米须化学成分及其药理作用研究会促进玉米须药物资源的规模开发并将带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益。本篇文章采用酶解法,以芦丁为标准品,测定玉米须中的总黄酮含量。正交实验结果显示,酶法最佳工艺组合为加酶量240U/g,pH值5.4,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间210min。在此工艺条件下提取,所得玉米须总黄酮提取率为0.8843%,而同等条件下不加酶的玉米须总黄酮提取率为0H6486%,酶法比不加酶提取率提高36.34%。     

Alternative Dietary Fiber Sources in Companion Animal Nutrition

The US has a pet population of approximately 70 million dogs and 74 million cats. Humans have developed a strong emotional bond with companion animals. As a consequence, pet owners seek ways to improve health, quality of life and longevity of their pets. Advances in canine and feline nutrition have contributed to improved longevity and well-being. Dietary fibers have gained renewed interest in the pet food industry, due to their important role in affecting laxation and stool quality. More recently, because of increased awareness of the beneficial effects of dietary fibers in health, as well as the popularity of functional foods and holistic and natural diets, alternative and novel carbohydrates have become widespread in human and pet nutrition. Fiber sources from cereal grains, whole grains and fruits have received increasing attention by the pet food industry and pet owners. While limited scientific information is available on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of alternative fiber sources, studies indicate that corn fiber is an efficacious fiber source for pets, showing no detrimental effects on palatability or nutrient digestibility, while lowering the glycemic response in adult dogs. Fruit fiber and pomaces have good water-binding properties, which may be advantageous in wet pet food production, where a greater water content is required, along with low water activity and a firm texture of the final product. Rice bran is a palatable fiber source for dogs and may be an economical alternative to prebiotic supplementation of pet foods. However, it increases the dietary requirement of taurine in cats. Barley up to 40% in a dry extruded diet is well tolerated by adult dogs. In addition, consumption of complex carbohydrates has shown a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress. Alternative fiber sources are suitable ingredients for pet foods. They have been shown to be nutritionally adequate and to have potential nutraceutical properties.     

振农高梁玉米在奎屯地区的性状表现

本文介绍了在新疆奎屯地区振农高粱玉米的试验情况,结果表明,振农高粱玉米在该地区较适合作为青贮种植,适口性好,消化率高,建议每公顷密度为10~11万株。此品种不适宜做收籽玉米,并提出了品种上的缺陷,需要改进的性状。