Type II pneumocytes modulate surfactant production in response to cigarette smoke constituents: Restoration by vitamins A and E

This study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoke constituents upon type II pneumocyte surfactant production in vitro, and how vitamins A and E may alter the response. Freshly isolated type II pneumocytes from Sprague–Dawley rats were incubated 20 h in medium with fetal bovine serum that was or was not treated with cigarette smoke. The number of adherent cells was inversely related to the dose of smoke or benzo(a)pyrene. Despite the decreased number of treated cells, the total amount of surfactant per culture well was unchanged, whereas surfactant production per cell was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Vitamin A concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the smoke-treated serum compared with untreated serum. When vitamin A or E was added to the cigarette smoke-treated serum, cell adherence and surfactant production returned to control values. In conclusion, cigarette smoke constituents or benzo(a)pyrene alone decreased the number of adherent type II pneumocytes, but did not alter surfactant amounts because of an increased production of surfactant per cell. Type II pneumocytes seem to adjust surfactant production dependent upon the number of type II pneumocytes to produce it and vitamin A or E enhance cell attachment in the presence of the smoke toxins.     

Effect of prostaglandin E1 on graft function of kidneys from living related donors

Prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁) was used in renal transplant recipients with living related donors. The drug was given intravenously from day 1 to day 7 after transplantation at a dose of 40 µg/kg twice a day. A total of 45 patients were studied divided into two groups: 25 patients were treated with PGE₁ (group B) and the remaining 20 patients did not receive the drug (group A). In group B, 24-h creatinine clearance (Ccr) was 66 ± 12.8 ml/min compared with 40.3 ± 13.4 ml/min in group A on the fifth postoperative day (P < 0.05). Urinary levels of N-acetyl-β-d -glucosaminidase (NAG) and serum levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4) in group B were significantly lower than in group A. On the fourth postoperative day, the urinary excretion of thromboxan B₂ (TxB₂) in group A was higher than in group B, but not significantly (5.1 ± 3.0 ng/day and 2.8 ± 1.1 ng/day, respectively). Acute rejection occurred in four patients in group B and in 10 patients (40%) in group A. The percentage of Leu2a-positive lymphocytes in group B was higher than in group A. We conclude that postoperative administration of PGE₁ improves graft function in kidneys from living related donors.     

2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

目的：探讨中国人2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白E（apoE)基因多态性及其与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法：采用聚合酶链反应－限制性酶切片段长度多态性法，分别对74例2型糖尿病患者及191例血脂、血糖正常且无糖尿病史者的apoE基因型、空腹血脂及载脂蛋白AI、AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ及E进行全面分析。结果：2型糖尿病患者的血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC），非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（nHDLC),载脂蛋白B100、CⅡ、CⅢ、E水平及TG／HDLC比值较对照组显著升高（P＜0．01）；血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC），apoE/apoCⅢ比值显著降低（P＜0．05）。2型糖尿病组与对照组apoE基因频率分布无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。携带ε2等位基因组血清TG／HDLC比值较E3／3基因型显著降低；而携带ε4等位基因组血清apoAⅡ水平较E3／3基因型及携带ε2等位基因组显著升高（P＜0．001）。结论：2型糖尿病患者apoE基因多态性与血TG／HDLC及apoAⅡ有一定关联。     

E1 Tor霍乱弧菌SM_6和江苏1d菌株

ＳＭ６是我国检测Ｅ１Ｔｏｒ霍乱弧菌是否带有溶源性噬菌体的指示菌株。江苏的６株Ｅ１Ｔｏｒ霍乱弧菌和ＳＭ６都属于噬菌体－生物分型的１ｄ型，而在噬菌体分型中ＳＭ６为１／２型，江苏的６株菌株则为１／２／３型；霍乱毒素（ＣＴ）基因测定也表明两者的不同，ＳＭ６不含ＣＴ基因，江苏的６株都含有ＣＴ基因，显示噬菌体分型可将噬菌体－生物分型的型别进一步划分，ＳＭ６的特性也为霍乱的进一步研究提供了资料。     

肠传性非甲非乙型病毒性肝炎155例死亡原因分析

本文对155例肠传非甲非乙肝炎住院死亡的病例进行了分析。结果表明:住院病人的病死率为11.6％;青壮年死亡的比重较大,占87.1％;孕妇的病死率高,为20.8％,占全部死亡病人的67.1％;重症肝炎占25.2％,其中急性重症占82.6％。主要死因为脑水肿、肝肾综合症、产后大出血、脑疝及上消化道大出血等。     

鸡矢藤提取物对小白鼠离体子宫的作用

鸡矢藤[Paederia Scandens]提取物0.32mg 加入营养槽内,对小白鼠各期离体子宫的收缩张力、收缩强度、收缩频率以及子宫活动力均有增强作用。与给药前比较,诱导期组分别增加85%、47%、21%和72%;动情期组分别增加70%、77%、41%和41%;非动情组分别增加47%、76%、62%和66%,而且三组间作用无显著性差异。本品还能增强 PGE_2对小白鼠离体子宫的收缩张力、收缩强度、收缩频率以及子宫活动力。与 PGE_2的作用比较,分别增加34%、39%、9%和45%,但收缩频率增加无统计学意义(P>0.05)。上述结果表明,鸡矢藤提取物对小鼠子宫有显著性兴奋作用,而且还能增强PGE_2对小鼠子宫兴奋作用,其机制尚待进一步研究。     

维生素E对小鼠胸腺和脾脏T淋巴细胞转化及MΦ诱导IL－1的影响

ＶＥ缺乏组、１／３需要量组、需要量组、３倍需要量组、２０倍需要量组的初断奶小鼠喂养８周后观察Ｔ淋巴细胞转化及Ｍ中诱导ＩＬ－１反应。结果表明，ＶＥ增强半合适、合适剂量ＣｏｎＡ诱导的胸腺、脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，且半合适剂量诱导的反应高于合适剂量，ＶＥ增强合适剂量ＰＨＡ诱导的脾Ｔ细胞反应，但不影响其诱导胸腺Ｔ细胞反应。ＶＥ还提高ＭΦ诱导ＩＬ－１生成。上述实验以缺乏组反应最弱，３倍量组反应最强，而２０倍量组反有下降趋势。     

维生素E的抗脂质过氧化作用

本研究观察到:维生素 E 能抑制 H_2O_2引起的大鼠红细胞脂质过氧化和红细胞溶血,也能抑制分别由维生素 C-NADPH 和 Fe~(2+)-半胱氨酸诱发的大鼠肝、脑微粒体的脂质过氧化,可能还有清除过氧化氢、超氧自由基和羟自由基的作用。     

前列腺素E1治疗慢性乙型肝炎黄疸的观察

目的观察前列腺素E1治疗慢性乙型肝炎重度黄疸的疗效。方法在综合治疗基础上，分别使用前列腺素E1（治疗组）和门冬氨酸钾镁（对照组）治疗慢性乙型肝炎重度黄疸患者各35例，并观察其症状、体征及肝、肾功能等，疗程4周。结果治疗组的症状、体征及肝功能指标及总有效率，均显著优于对照组，两组比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论前列腺素E1治疗慢性乙型肝炎重度黄疸能显著地促进黄疸消退和改善肝功能。