冷循环射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤42例报告

探讨冷循环射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤的可行性和有效性。应用冷循环电极射频消融治疗42例肝脏肿瘤60个结节。37例在局麻超声引导下、2例在腹腔镜辅助下和3例在开腹术中行射频消融，射频消融治疗75点次。治疗后通过CT和MR随访，随访时间2～14个月，肿瘤完全低密度灶者占70%（42／60），增强扫描局部病灶有强化（残留或复发）8．3％（5／60）。初步研究结果提示，冷循环射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤是有效和安全的。     

Tear of the distal biceps branchii tendon: A new method of ultrasound evaluation

Tear of the distal biceps brachii tendon is an uncommon injury. Ultrasound evaluation of the distal tendon using an anterior approach is often difficult because of technical factors. We describe a new method of ultrasound evaluation of the distal biceps tendon insertion. This involves a posterior approach with the forearm pronated. With pronation of the forearm, the radial tuberosity faces posteriorly, bringing the distal biceps tendon insertion into view. A surgically proven case of distal biceps tendon tear is presented to illustrate our technique.     

山茱萸中马钱苷含量测定的样品处理方法改进

目的:建立一个方便、快捷的山茱萸中马钱苷含量测定的样品预处理方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法),以马钱苷为指标,考察不同样品处理方法对含量测定结果的影响.结果:80%甲醇、60℃、超声提取15 min的提取效果和2005年版<中国药典(一部)>中的回流提取1 h效果相当.结论:该法较2005年版<中国药典(一部)>中山茱萸项下的样品处理方法更简便、快速,且有良好的重现性和回收率.     

全反式维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备及体内外评价

目的以山嵛酸甘油酯(Compritol 888 ATO)为脂质材料，采用超声分散法制备维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒，并考察其体内外性质。方法选用脂溶性较高的维甲酸作为模型药物，采用超声分散法制备固体脂质纳米粒，并对其各种理化性质进行研究。考察了纳米粒的体外释放，以维甲酸溶液剂为对照，测定了两种纳米粒在大鼠体内的药代动力学参数。结果采用超声分散法可以简便、快速制备得到两种维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒，透射电镜测得纳米粒为圆球状，大小均匀。动态光散射法测得平均粒径分别为(158±9) nm和(89±11) nm。于4 ℃放置1年粒径无明显变化，载药量为3.3%，包封率大于95%。药物体外释放符合Weibull方程。与对照组相比，两种维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒静脉注射后药物在血液中的滞留时间显著延长。结论超声分散法适用于固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉血流状态及视网膜血管形态的相关性

目的：探讨颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉血流状态及视网膜血管形态的相关性。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-06因疑似脑缺血来我院就诊的患者251例,根据颈内动脉狭窄程度分为无狭窄组(39例)、轻度狭窄组(80例)、中度狭窄组(83例)、重度狭窄组(49例)。比较四组患者眼部动脉血流动力学指标及视网膜血管管径,分析眼部血流参数与颅内段重度颈内动脉狭窄的相关性及诊断价值。

结果：重度狭窄组患者眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)的血管血流参数收缩峰流速(PSV)和舒张峰流速(EDV)均低于其他三组,且PSV、EDV与重度狭窄组患者颈内动脉狭窄率呈显著负相关,其中PCA PSV、PCA EDV对颅内段重度颈内动脉狭窄诊断最佳临界值分别为11.26、5.21cm/s。

结论：颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉PSV、EDV呈显著负相关,其中PCA PSV、PCA EDV对于颅内段颈内动脉狭窄最敏感。     

羟考酮复合丙泊酚在无痛超声胃镜检查中的应用

目的：探析超声胃镜检查中应用羟考酮复合丙泊酚镇痛的效果及安全性。方法：前瞻性选取2020年12月-2021年3月期间门诊行超声胃镜检查的60例患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,每组30例,对照组镇痛方案选择舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻,研究组镇痛方案选择羟考酮复合丙泊酚,对比两组患者T₀(麻醉前)、T₁(麻醉后)、T₂(入镜时)、T₃(入镜后3min)、、T₄(退镜时)各项生命指标(HR、SBP、DBP、SpO₂)变化情况、丙泊酚剂量、检查时间、定向力恢复时间、塑形时间以及不良反应发生情况。结果：两组患者T₁、T₂、T₃时HR、SBP、DBP水平较T₀时明显降低(P＜0.05),T₄时恢复至T₀水平(P＞0.05),两组患者各时刻HR、SBP、DBP水平基本相当(P＞0.05)；对照组患者T₁、T₂时SpO₂水平较T₀时明显降低(P＜0.05),T₃、T₄时恢复至T₀水平(P＞0.05),研究组T_0-4时SpO₂水平无明显波动(P＞0.05),T₁、T₂时SpO₂水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)；两组患者在丙泊酚剂量、超声胃镜检查时间基本相当(P＞0.05),研究组患者定向力恢复、苏醒时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05)；研究组患者呼吸抑制、恶心/呕吐发生率为10.00%、13.33%明显低于对照组33.33%、40.00%的对照组患者(P＜0.05)；低血压、心动过速、体动等其他不良反应发生率基本相当(P＞0.05)。结论：超声胃镜检查镇痛方案选择羟考酮复合丙泊酚较舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在稳定患者生命体征、降低不良反应率更具优势,且缩短患者定向力恢复时间及苏醒时间,临床应用效果及安全性更高,可在今后临床应用中广泛推广。     

Laser Peening Process and Its Impact on Materials Properties in Comparison with Shot Peening and Ultrasonic Impact Peening

The laser shock peening (LSP) process using a Q-switched pulsed laser beam for surface modification has been reviewed. The development of the LSP technique and its numerous advantages over the conventional shot peening (SP) such as better surface finish, higher depths of residual stress and uniform distribution of intensity were discussed. Similar comparison with ultrasonic impact peening (UIP)/ultrasonic shot peening (USP) was incorporated, when possible. The generation of shock waves, processing parameters, and characterization of LSP treated specimens were described. Special attention was given to the influence of LSP process parameters on residual stress profiles, material properties and structures. Based on the studies so far, more fundamental understanding is still needed when selecting optimized LSP processing parameters and substrate conditions. A summary of the parametric studies of LSP on different materials has been presented. Furthermore, enhancements in the surface micro and nanohardness, elastic modulus, tensile yield strength and refinement of microstructure which translates to increased fatigue life, fretting fatigue life, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion resistance were addressed. However, research gaps related to the inconsistencies in the literature were identified. Current status, developments and challenges of the LSP technique were discussed.     

Effect of Transmural Extent of the Simulated Infarction in a Left Ventricular Model on Displacement and Strain Distribution Estimated from Synthetic Ultrasonic Data

The identification of a sub-endocardial infarction is of major interest in cardiology. This study evaluates the sensitivity of selected measures to the thickness of such an infarction. Synthetic ultrasonic data (long-axis view) of left ventricular models with inclusions were generated using Field II and meshes obtained from finite-element simulations, which also provided the reference for the estimates obtained from ultrasonic data. The displacements, the first and second component of the principal strain (ε₁ and ε₂), and several measures derived from these quantities were estimated. All estimates, except for the poorly estimated ε₂, exhibited sensitivity to the presence and transmurality of the inclusion. The most sensitive was the gradient of the averaged transmural profiles of ε₁, and ε₁ averaged over the area corresponding to the transmural inclusion. The inflection point of the ε₁ profile shifted toward the outer wall with increasing thickness of the non-transmural inclusion.     

Ultrasound Bone Fracture Sensing and Data Communication: Experimental Results in a Pig Limb Sample

Approximately 6.3 million fractures occur each year in the United States alone. Accurately monitoring the progression of fracture healing is essential to be able to advise patients when it is safe to return to normal activity. The most common method used to confirm and monitor fracture healing is the acquisition of multiple radiographic images over the many months required for healing. This imaging method uses large expensive equipment and exposes patients to high levels of ionizing radiation. In the study described here, we tested another technology for monitoring fracture healing that could minimize the need for multiple radiographic images. We tested a piezoelectric transducer fixed to the surface of a bone that uses electromechanical impedance spectroscopy to measure simulated fractures and transmits the measurement data to an acoustic receiver located externally on the skin surface.     

Assessment of the Fundamental Flexural Guided Wave in Cortical Bone by an Ultrasonic Axial-Transmission Array Transducer

The fundamental flexural guided wave (FFGW), as modeled, for example, by the A0 Lamb mode, is a clinically useful indicator of cortical bone thickness. In the work described in this article, we tested so-called multiridge-based analysis, based on the crazy climber algorithm and short-time Fourier transform, for assessment of the FFGW component recorded by a clinical array transducer featuring a limited number of elements. Methods included numerical finite-element simulations and experiments in bone phantoms and human radius specimens (n = 41). The proposed approach enabled extraction of the FFGW component and determination of its group velocity. This group velocity was in good agreement with theoretical predictions and possessed reasonable sensitivity to cortical width (r² = 0.51, p < 0.001) in the in vitro experiments. It is expected that the proposed approach enables related clinical application. Further work is still needed to analyze in more detail the challenges related to the impact of the overlying soft tissue.