The effect of ultrafiltration on the quality of water from dental units

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an ultrafiltration system on the bacteriological water quality in dental units. DESIGN: A BIN-X UF-45R ultrafiltration system with a pore membrane of 0.03 microm was mounted at the water supply of six older dental units while six control units were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite according to a standard procedure. As the water quality in the test units deteriorated in spite of ultrafiltration the test units were subjected to chlorination at different concentrations several times during the test period. Outcome measure: The number of colony forming units (cfu)/ml in water was determined according to European Standards on water quality. Results: While the median number of cfu/ml in control units never exceeded 7.6x10(1) the median cfu/ml in test units increased up to >1x10(5) in 3-4 days every time chlorination of the units was interrupted. Conclusion: The ultrafiltration system mounted at the water supply for six dental units was not able to control the bacteria originating from the existing biofilm in the water lines and deliver water of an acceptable quality.     

腹水超滤浓缩腹腔回输治疗顽固性腹水57例体会

目的：观察腹水超滤浓缩腹腔回输治疗顽固性腹水的临床疗效。方法：对57例顽固性腹水患者使用腹水超滤浓缩仪建立体外封闭式腹水循环,将腹水超滤浓缩后回输腹腔,观察治疗效果。结果：57例患者经过治疗,临床症状得到迅速明显的好转,腹囤减小,无严重不良反应。结论：腹水超滤浓缩腹腔回输治疗顽固性腹水的临床疗效显著,无明显的毒副作用,方法安全,简单,易于在基层医院推广。     

超滤法纯化板蓝根中表告依春的工艺研究

目的：优化超滤膜对板蓝根中表告依春的分离纯化工艺。方法：以活性成分表告依春透过率为指标,HPLC法测定表告依春的含量,通过单因素筛选药液浓度、超滤次数、料液温度、超滤温度及超滤压力对表告依春的影响,确定卷式超滤膜的纯化工艺参数。结果：膜截留分子量6 000D、超滤次数为3次、药液浓度为16.0 mg/mL、超滤温度40℃、超滤压力0.08MPa时,表告依春的纯化效果最好。结论：超滤膜分离技术用于板蓝根提取液中表告依春的纯化,具有简单、经济、省时、高效等特点,是一种有产业化前景的技术。     

Monitoring arterio-venous differences of glucose and lactate in the anesthetized rat with or without brain damage with ultrafiltration and biosensor technology.

Continuous monitoring of arterio-venous glucose and lactate differences may serve as a diagnostic tool to assess normal brain function and brain pathology. We describe a method and some results obtained with arterio-venous measurements of glucose and lactate in the blood of the halothane-anesthetized rat and after brain injury. The method is based on low flow rate ultrafiltration for continuous collection of blood filtrate combined with flow injection analysis and biosensors for the detection of glucose and lactate. We measured the glucose and lactate concentration every minute in the jugular vein and the aorta at control conditions and during and after inflation of an embolectomy-balloon for 2 min. Net cerebral lactate efflux and glucose uptake was seen under control conditions and at low blood lactate levels. During brain injury both lactate release and glucose uptake were reduced and there was a net lactate influx at high arterial lactate levels. These results indicate that the flux of lactate in and out of the brain is not only dependent on the lactate concentration in the brain, but on blood levels as well, possibly because of bi-directional flux through the monocarboxylate transporter type 1.     

大孔径超滤膜在中药生产中的应用探讨

目的：进行了大孔径超滤膜在中药生产中的应用试验,探讨在中药生产过程中以超滤法代替水提醇沉法的可行性。方法：对“肾宝”合剂的水提液合并渗漉提取浸膏进行的超滤,以淫羊藿苷为考察的指标成分。结果：采用大孔径超滤膜过滤肾宝合剂,淫羊藿苷保留90％,与醇沉工艺相当。结论：采用切割分子量大于10万的大孔径超滤膜应用于肾宝合剂,可取代醇沉工艺。     

血液透析系统的基本原理及发展

详细阐述了血透机的组成和基本原理,并简单介绍了其发展方向。     

可溶性丝素粉末的制备

研究了较大规模制备丝素粉末的方法 .以废蚕丝为原料 ,经 0 .5g/dL的Na2 CO3溶液精炼后 ,用质量分数为 4 0 %的CaCl2 溶液溶解丝素 ,采用中空纤维超滤器脱盐 ,丝素溶液经冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥后即制成白色的丝素粉末 .从丝素的SephacrylS 2 0 0凝胶过滤图谱中可以看出 :用氯化钙溶液溶解丝素 ,煮沸时间延长 ,丝素相对分子质量呈下降趋势 ;在超滤浓缩过程中 ,丝素发生了部分缔合 .     

UPLC法测定人血浆中卡马西平的游离浓度

目的 建立一种测定人血浆中卡马西平游离浓度的中空纤维离心超滤(HFCF-UF)-超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法.方法 血浆样本经中空纤维离心超滤技术预处理.色谱柱:Waters UPLC BEH C18柱(50.0 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),流动相:乙腈-水=35:65,流速:0.2 mL·min-1,柱温:30...     

Ultrafiltration and cardiopulmonary bypass associated acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

BackgroundCardiopulmonary bypass is known to raise the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have identified numerous risk factors of cardiopulmonary bypass including the possible impact of perioperative ultrafiltration. However, the association between ultrafiltration (UF) and AKI remains conflicting. Thus, we conducted a meta‐analysis to further examine the relationship between UF and AKI.HypothesisUltrafiltration during cardiac surgery increases the risk of developping Acute kidney Injury.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and SCOPUS through July 2021. The RevMan (version 5.4) software was used to calculate the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences along with their associated confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsWe identified 12 studies with a total of 8005 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of AKI between the group who underwent UF and the control group who did not (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.64−1). Subgroup analysis on patients with previous renal insufficiency also yielded nonsignificant difference (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.53 −1.33, p = .47). Subgroup analysis based on volume of ultrafiltrate removed (> or <2900 ml) was not significant and did not increase the AKI risk as predicted (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.63 −1.07, p  = .15). We also did subgroup analysis according to the type of UF and again no significant difference in AKI incidence between UF groups and controls was observed in either the conventional ultrafiltration (CUF), modified ultrafiltration (MUF), zero‐balanced ultrafiltration (ZBUF), or combined MUF and CUF subgroups.ConclusionUF in cardiac surgery is not associated with increased AKI incidence and may be safely used even in baseline chronic injury patients.     

银杏内酯B脂质体的处方与制备工艺研究

目的 将银杏内酯B（ginkgolide B，GB）制备成脂质体，增加GB在水中的分散性和稳定性。方法 采用超滤离心法分离脂质体与游离药物，HPLC测定脂质体中GB的含量与包封率，采用薄膜分散法制备GB脂质体；通过单因素与正交试验分析药脂比、胆固醇用量、装载量、水化温度和水化时间等因素对包封率的影响，以外观、包封率、粒径为评价指标确定GB脂质体的最佳处方和制备工艺。结果 GB脂质体的最佳处方为10 mg GB、160 mg蛋黄卵磷脂、40 mg胆固醇、8 mg维生素E、58 mg DSPE-PEG2000、5 mL PBS缓冲液；优化后的工艺条件为GB与脂质辅料溶于无水乙醇中，33℃水浴条件下减压旋转蒸发除乙醇，pH 6.5 PBS缓冲液水化脂质薄膜，水化温度35℃，时间120 min，粗脂质体混悬液冰水浴超声6 min，超声功率120 W。制备的GB脂质体混悬液微泛蓝色乳光、可透光，粒径为（126±4） nm，包封率>87%，放置24 h无聚集、无沉降。结论 采用薄膜法在实验室阶段成功制备了稳定的GB脂质体，确定了最优制备处方和制备工艺，为GB制剂的剂型研究做出探索和提供参考。