Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic analysis of urinary ultraconcentrates: antigenic differences between bladder cancer positive patients, normal individuals, and patients with urinary tract infections

Urine ultraconcentrates (100-fold) from bladder cancer patients, patients suffering from urinary tract infection, and normal individuals were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. A combined sample of normal urine was resolved into 1 to 3 protein bands by PAGE, whereas a single concentrated bladder cancer urine was resolved into 10-12 protein bands. Yet, this same concentrated urine sample was resolved into 17-20 antigen peaks by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2DIEP) against antihuman serum. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase was observed in the relative antigen concentration when comparing 2DIEP profiles of bladder cancer urines to normal controls. A significant increase in the relative antigen concentration and the number of antigen peaks was also found when comparing immunoelectrophoretic patterns obtained from ultraconcentrated urine specimens of bladder cancer positive urine and normal controls using a rabbit antibladder cancer urine antisera (P less than 0.002 and P less than 0.02, respectively). In addition, significant (P less than 0.02) antigenic differences were found when comparing concentrated urine samples from bladder cancer positive individuals to those with urinary tract infection. The bladder cancer group demonstrated 8/9 positive results for relative antigen concentrations greater than 3.0. Fifteen of 16 normal or urinary tract infected individuals combined had relative antigen concentrations less than 3.0. These differences were highly significant (P less than 0.001). No differences were found between concentrated bladder cancer and normal urine specimens tested against rabbit antinormal urine antisera.     

Method for Simultaneous Determination of Free Concentration,Total Concentration,and Plasma Binding Capacity in Clinical Samples

Most quantitative research methods are based on measuring either the total or the free concentration of an analyte in a sample. However, this is often insufficient for the study of complex biological systems. The main objective of this research was to develop new methods for providing more information from samples: the free concentration (C_f), the total concentration (C_t), and the plasma binding capacity (PBC). Samples were processed using microextraction and ultrafiltration. For each of these techniques, two quantification procedures were used: addition of isotopically labeled standard and repeated analysis of the same sample. The new methods were validated by analyzing clinical samples and samples with known concentrations. Methods based on addition of labeled compound were found to be the fastest, and most reproducible. For analysis of clinical samples, methods based on microextraction were more sensitive and more accurate than those based on ultrafiltration. For analysis of pooled plasma samples, the overall accuracy of all approaches to determine PBC, testosterone C_f, and testosterone C_t was between 94 and 109%, 87–113%, and 94–122% respectively. The new approach goes beyond a simple concentration measurement, giving more information from clinical samples, with great potential for personalizing drug dosage and therapy to the needs of individual patients.     

不同超滤方法用于婴幼儿先心病体外循环手术的围术期比较

目的比较不同超滤方法对于低体重先心病体外循环手术病人围术期的影响。方法回顾性分析我院采用改良超滤前后13例低体重(<15 kg)先心病体外循环手术病人的临床状况,其中常规超滤(CUF)组6例,常规超滤+改良超滤(CUF+MUF)组7例,对比指标包括转流时间;主动脉阻断时间;转流前后的血球压积及血红蛋白,术后引流量,术后呼吸机通气时间,ICU滞留时间,围术期红细胞悬液用量,呋塞米的使用情况。结果体外循环前后Hct、Hb和总细胞悬液用量无统计学差异(P>0.05);手术后呋塞米用量和胸腔引流量CUF+MUF组明显小于CUF组(P<0.05)。结论改良超滤技术可以改善婴幼儿体外循环心脏手术后病人的器官功能及预后。     

黄连解毒汤模拟体系的超滤膜过程研究

目的:以黄连解毒汤模拟体系为研究对象,探讨中药水提液超滤过程污染机制,为中药膜分离技术应用系统的优化设计奠定基础.方法:采用系统模拟的方法,以超滤膜过程中通量变化、膜污染度、成分截留率、小分子物质吸附速率和吸附量等为指标,研究黄连解毒汤复方中小分子药效物质和共性高分子物质的超滤行为及相互影响.结果:黄连解毒汤模拟体系中,小檗碱和栀子苷PS5K超滤膜透过率在90%以上,淀粉、果胶、蛋白质3种高分子物质的截留率为100%;但模拟溶液中由于高分子物质的存在造成小檗碱和栀子苷的膜透过率大大降低,膜污染和膜通量衰减加剧;小檗碱和栀子苷的膜吸附行为也因为高分子物质的存在而发生了改变.结论:黄连解毒汤复方溶液中,高分子物质的存在是造成超滤膜污染和药效物质损失的主要因素,其中主要污染物是淀粉和果胶.     

Sequential elaboration of lymphocyte-enhancing and -suppressing factors in the sera of tumor-bearing animals

Serum-mediated impairment of lymphocyte function was studied in an animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats inoculated intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with the Walker 256 carcinoma underwent sequential sampling of blood. The effect of these serum samples upon phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis of normal rat splenocytes was monitored in an assay utilizing incorporation of (3H)-thymidine. The effect of serum samples from both the subcutaneously and the intraperitoneally inoculated tumor-bearing animals was biphasic. Early on, serum enhanced blastogenesis and later suppressed blastogenesis. Separation of sera into high and low molecular weight components by ultrafiltration demonstrated the enhancing activity to reside in the high molecular weight fraction. The enhancing activity of sera decreased over time from tumor inoculation. Conversely, suppressor activity increased over time from tumor inoculation. This study demonstrated that suppressor activity of sera obtained from animals with advanced tumors is the result of the lack of enhancing activity coupled with the elaboration of suppressor activity.     

血液透析中预防超滤所致低血压的临床体会

目的:分析比较在总超滤量不变的前提下,常规血液透析(HD)与调整后采用分段超滤透析,同时配合可调钠使用的低血压发生情况。方法:33例患者分为老年组与非老年组,按HD分时段发生低血压统计分析。将调整不同时段超滤率和透析液钠离子浓度HD与每组常规HD进行对比。结果:两组低血压多发生在3、4 h时段,老年组低血压发生率高于非老年组,调整不同时段超滤率和钠离子浓度后,两组低血压发生明显减少。结论:单位时间内超滤过多过快是导致低血压发生的主要原因。在确定合理超滤总量后,调整不同时段超滤率采用先快后慢配合可调钠先高后低的使用原则,可明显减少低血压发生率。     

单纯超滤治疗急性心肌梗死后心衰疗效分析

目的 探讨单纯超滤对急性心肌梗死后心功能不全患者的疗效分析.方法 收集2010年8月至2014年8月在河南省人民医院急诊科住院的急性心肌梗死患者,其中102例在急诊介入治疗、开通罪犯血管后出现急性心功能不全.全部患者首先采用内科常规治疗,分为2组,1组标准药物治疗,另1组在标准药物治疗下行单纯超滤治疗.同组患者不同时间点间的比较采用重复测量方差分析;2组患者间同一时点的监测指标、监护时间和住院时间的比较采用成组t检验.2组患者病死率的比较采用x2检验.以P ＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 51例常规药物治疗患者,急性左心衰竭发作次数逐渐减少,电解质逐渐维持于正常水平,但改善情况均较单纯超滤组缓慢.4例死于心源性猝死.随访至发病后1年,14.89％ (7/47)患者间断有左心衰竭症状.51例行单纯超滤患者中,2例因血小板进行性减少而中止单纯超滤.1例因收缩压低于90 mmHg(1mmHg =0.133 kpa)且有脏器灌注不足临床表现终止单纯超滤.48例行单纯超滤患者生命体征平稳,心力衰竭症状明显减轻.单纯超滤治疗后血电解质较治疗前显著改善,B型脑利钠肽(BNP)明显降低(P＜0.05),1周后复测左室射血分数LVEF有所改善(P＜0.05),2例死于心源性猝死,其余46例,均在住院20 ～ 39 d后出院,随访1年,无左心衰竭再次发作.2组患者1个月病死率、平均重症监护时间、平均住院时间差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 急性心肌梗死后心功能不全患者行单纯超滤是一种相对安全而有效的治疗方法.不仅能在较短时间内稳定内环境,而且能干预心肌梗死后左心衰竭的发展和预后,使平均重症监护时间、平均住院时间显著降低.     

膜过滤对栀子提取液中环烯醚萜类成分的影响

目的:研究栀子水提液超滤膜过滤后含量和相对黏度的变化。方法:利用乌氏黏度计测量栀子水提液在不同密度、通过不同截留相对分子质量超滤膜处理后相对黏度的变化,考察超滤对去乙酰基车叶草苷酸甲酯、京尼平-1-β-D龙胆双糖苷、栀子苷3个成分的影响。结果:随着滤膜孔径的减小及药液相对密度的增加,各成分的损失率均有增大的趋势;超滤后栀子提取液的相对黏度明显降低,随着滤膜孔径及提取液相对密度的减小,超滤液的相对黏度也有所降低。结论:栀子水提液超滤后能显著降低相对黏度。