Reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint: a comparison between prefabricated and customized alloplastic prosthetic total joint systems

The implantation of an alloplastic total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis is an innovative approach for the treatment of end-stage TMJ disorders. Two types of system exist: prefabricated (stock) and customized computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) devices. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these two designs. Twenty-eight patients treated between 2015 and 2017 were included and assigned to two groups: stock prostheses (group 1) and customized CAD/CAM prostheses (group 2). Clinical evaluations were performed at five time-points up to 6 months postoperative. Parameters included maximum interincisal opening, pain, diet, complications, and subjective well-being at the end of follow-up. Differences between pre-surgery and 6-month post-surgery values were highly significant (P < 0.001). No patient required a liquid diet at the end of treatment, and 66% of group 1 patients and 100% of group 2 patients reported improved well-being. Complications were observed in 32% of patients and included temporary paralysis of the facial nerve. In conclusion, clinical outcomes of stock and CAD/CAM prostheses suggested great improvements in mouth opening and reduction of pain as a result of the rehabilitation of TMJ function. Results showed comparable data for the two types of prosthesis design at 6 months postoperative.     

白芍总苷胶囊联合左西替利嗪口服液治疗儿童慢性特发性荨麻疹的疗效及其对炎性因子及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

[摘要]目的：探讨白芍总苷胶囊联合左西替利嗪口服液对慢性特发性荨麻疹（CIU）患儿炎性因子及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：选取2013年1月至2018年1月仙桃市第一人民医院收治的CIU患儿149例,依据随机数字法分为对照组75例和观察组74例。对照组患儿给予左西替利嗪口服液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予白芍总苷胶囊治疗,两组疗程均为1个月。观察比较两组患儿临床疗效、炎性因子、T淋巴细胞亚群及不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组总有效率为98.65%,高于对照组的89.33%（P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗后的白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均低于治疗前（P<0.05）,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗后的CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+均高于治疗前,CD8+低于治疗前（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后的CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+高于对照组,CD8+低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组不良反应的总发生率为14.86%,与对照组的10.67%比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：白芍总苷胶囊联合左西替利嗪口服液治疗CIU患儿的疗效较好,用药安全性较高,可能与改善患儿机体的炎性因子及T淋巴细胞亚群状态有关。     

BridgePoint系统开通冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变的临床疗效

目的探讨BridgePoint系统支持下正向内膜下重回真腔技术(ADR)开通冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO)的安全性、有效性和预后。方法连续入选自2016年4月至2018年12月于西京医院接受BridgePoint系统开通CTO病变的患者87例,进行回顾性分析。记录入选患者的一般资料、CTO病变的影像学特征及术中相关参数。观察入选患者的短期预后,包括技术成功(达TIMI 3级血流及残余狭窄<30%)率、手术成功[住院期间无主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生]率、并发症以及住院期间MACE。MACE包括死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管重建(TVR)和心脏压塞等。于出院后30 d及6、12、24和36个月,通过门诊或电话随访入选患者MACE发生情况。结果87例患者中,男性75例(86%),年龄(61±10)岁,J-CTO评分为(2.49±0.52)分。6例患者采用BridgePoint系统直接行ADR术,均成功。81例患者行BridgePoint系统补救性ADR术,其中62例成功,BridgePoint系统ADR术成功率为78.2%(68/87);19例患者于手术失败后通过正向/逆向技术补救,成功9例,失败10例。技术成功率为88.5%(77/87)。冠状动脉穿孔2例(2.3%),1例置入覆膜支架,1例心包填塞后给予心包穿刺;围手术期心肌梗死1例,猝死1例,心脏压塞1例。住院期间入选患者MACE发生率为3.4%(3/87),手术成功率为85.1%(74/87)。手术时间为(175±72)min,对比剂剂量为(449±155)ml。随访17(11,26)个月,86例患者完成了随访,30 d MACE发生率为4.7%(4/86),6个月为10.5%(9/86),17个月为17.4%(15/86)。结论BridgePoint系统开通冠状动脉CTO的成功率较高,安全、可行,临床预后较好。     

人促红素减少老年全膝关节置换术后输血的临床对照研究

目的探讨控制老年患者人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）手术出血量、减少术后同种输血需要量,降低患者输血率的方法。方法选取60例拟行TKA的老年病人,随机分成3组：试验组20例,术后不引流,采用围手术期静注重组人促红素;对照组20例,术后不予引流;常规手术组20例,术后常规留置引流管。比较3组术前、术后1 d、7 d、2周时血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞比积（Hct）,以及术后并发症和膝关节功能康复情况。实际失血量等于通过手术前后Hct变化计算的理论值加上额外的输血量和自体回输血量。通过观察输血量、用差值来比较术前和术后各观察时间点的Hb动态变化,来评估患者术后同种输血需要量是否减少。结果术后3组切口均Ⅰ期愈合。随访时间12~22月。常规引流组较试验组和对照组术后出血量明显增加;试验组术后Hb减少最少;3组术后膝关节功能无明显差异。结论术后不引流加静注重组人促红素是控制TKA手术出血量、减少术后同种输血需要量的有效方法之一。     

Acute Posterior-inferior Myocardial Infarction Caused by Total Occlusion Distal to the Apex of the Hyperdominant Left Anterior Descending Artery

A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with severe ongoing chest pain. Electrocardiography showed ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads and tall R waves in leads V1-2. Posterior-inferior myocardial infarction was diagnosed. Emergent coronary angiography (CAG) revealed the wrap-around left anterior descending artery (LAD) with total occlusion distal to the cardiac apex. She underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite difficulty navigating the long and tortuous LAD, we successfully performed reperfusion of the wrap-around LAD. CAG post-PCI showed the posterior descending artery arising from the LAD, described as hyperdominant LAD.     

OCM入路微创小切口全髋关节置换术后的深静脉血栓发生率

背景：OCM入路微创小切口全髋关节置换术（THA）创伤小、恢复快,理论上可降低DVT的发生率,但目前尚缺乏术后早期影像学检查判定DVT发生率的确切报道。目的：对行OCM入路微创小切口的全髋关节置换患者进行术后常规深静脉造影检查,以明确其深静脉血栓发生率并指导临床血栓预防。方法：行单侧OCM入路微创小切口THA患者27例,男13例,女14例;年龄28-90岁,平均（63.4±16.4）岁;BMI为21.2-29.8 kg/m2,平均（24.9±2.42）kg/m2;其中股骨头坏死9例,股骨颈骨折7例,发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）6例,髋关节骨关节炎3例,强直性脊柱炎2例。术后行利伐沙班及气压泵治疗。评估手术时间、手术切口长度、肢体长度差异、术后下地行走时间、术后VAS评分（术后1、3 d）、术中和术后出血情况、术中和术后输血情况。股骨颈骨折患者术前及所有患者术后3-5d行双下肢深静脉造影,以明确DVT发生情况。结果：手术切口长8-10 cm,平均（8.5±0.6）cm;手术时间为65-125 min,平均（82±13）min;术中出血量为100-350 ml,平均（225±72）ml;术后引流量为120-905 ml,平均（457±218）ml,共4例患者输血。所有患者术后当天即可进行主动屈髋锻炼,双下肢长度差异均〈1 cm,术后1、3 d的VAS评分分别为0-6分,平均（2.5±1.4）分和0-4分,平均（1.9±1.2）分,所有患者术后2-3 d即可站立或行走。术前7例股骨颈骨折患者中2例发现患侧下肢DVT,术后深静脉造影检查仍提示同侧DVT,其余25例患者术后仅1例股骨颈骨折患者提示健侧腓肠肌静脉丛血栓形成。结论：采用OCM微创小切口手术入路THA可明显降低DVT的发生率。     

Estimation of the potential overall impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on cervical cancer cases and deaths

Background

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers potential for primary prevention of HPV-related pre-cancers and cancers as demonstrated in clinical trials. Mathematical models have estimated the potential real-life impact of vaccination on the burden of cervical cancer (CC). However, these are restricted to evaluations in a limited number of countries.

Methods

Potential decline in CC cases and deaths with the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine of young girls naïve to HPV, was estimated at steady-state (vaccine coverage: 0–100%) based on clinical trial and country-specific incidence data. Data on vaccine efficacy were taken from the end of study PATRICIA trial of the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine. The numbers of cases and deaths due to HPV-16/18 were estimated and compared with those due to any HPV type to estimate the additional cases prevented. This difference estimates CC cases and deaths avoided due to protection against non-vaccine HPV types. Cost-offsets due to reductions in CC treatment were estimated for five countries (Brazil, Canada, Italy, Malaysia and South African Republic) using country-specific unit cost data. Additionally, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3)-related burden (cases and treatment costs) prevented by vaccination were estimated for two countries (Italy and Malaysia).

Results

HPV vaccination could prevent a substantial number of CC cases and deaths in countries worldwide, with associated cost-offsets due to reduced CC treatment. Cross-protection increased the estimated potential number of CC cases and deaths prevented by 34 and 18% in Africa and Oceania, respectively. Moreover, vaccination could result in a substantial reduction in the number of CIN2/3 lesions and associated costs.

Conclusion

HPV vaccination could reduce the burden of CC and precancerous lesions in countries worldwide, part of disease burden reduction being related to protection against non HPV-16/18 related types.     

Bricker术后TU-Pouch尿流复道(附1例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨根治性全膀胱切除术术后尿流复道关键技术的设计以及适应证的选择。方法:我们对1例行根治性全膀胱切除+回肠膀胱术后患者施行回肠+乙状结肠原位新膀胱术以实现尿流复道,术前准备主要包括患者心理准备、肿瘤预后的相关检查和尿道括约肌功能判断。金属尿道探子支撑下分离尿道残端以备用。选取乙状结肠20cm纵行剖开形成肠袋,作为新膀胱的"U"部分。切除Bricker腹壁造瘘口,并以此段回肠形成半套叠状抗反流结构及新膀胱的"T"部分。"T"肠袋与"U"肠袋侧-侧吻合,共同形成"TU-Pouch"新膀胱。新膀胱最低点与尿道残端吻合。结果:术后随访1年,患者自行排尿通畅,尿量350~400ml/次,日间排尿3~5次,控尿良好;夜间排尿2~3次,轻度尿失禁。逆行膀胱造影未见造影剂向输尿管反流,静脉肾盂造影见双侧肾盂输尿管显影良好,无积水。结论:全膀胱切除术后的尿流复道手术是复杂的、高难度和高风险手术,需严格掌握适应证。有效的抗反流机制和良好的控尿功能是决定手术是否成功、影响患者术后生活质量的关键。