利多卡因对兔内毒素性急性肺损伤的预防作用

目的　研究利多卡因对兔内毒素性急性肺损伤的预防作用。方法　雄性健康新西兰兔 2 4只 ,分 3组 :空白组 (S -S ,输注生理盐水 ) ,内毒素组 (L -S ,输注内毒素后输注生理盐水 ) ,预防组 (Ld2 -L ,输注内毒素前 10min输注利多卡因负荷量 2mg·kg- 1 ,然后 2mg·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ) ,控制呼吸 ,吸氧浓度 95 % ,输注内毒素后 6h杀兔。观察氧合指数 (PaO2 FiO2 )、肺动态顺应性 (Cdyn)、支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)白蛋白含量、肺湿 干重比值、肺组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)和髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)以及肺形态学变化。结果　内毒素组PaO2 FiO2 、Cdyn 和肺组织SOD活性明显下降 ;BALF白蛋白含量、肺湿 干重比值和肺组织MDA和MPO含量明显上升 ;肺泡结构严重毁坏 ,肺泡间隔增宽 ,大量炎症细胞浸润。利多卡因预防可明显减轻这些变化。结论　利多卡因对兔内毒素性急性肺损伤有明显的预防作用     

苏乐康等抑制细胞转化能力及其机制的探讨

研究了苏乐康、绿茶提取物对~(60)钴γ射线和雌性激素联合诱发叙利亚金黄地鼠胚胎细胞恶性转化的抑制能力,并用脉冲辐解技术,对其抑制机制进行初步探讨。实验结果表明,苏乐康、绿茶提取物对γ射线和雌性激素联合诱发的金黄地鼠胚胎细胞恶性转化的抑制率分别为70.15％(P<0.05)和81.59％(P<0.05),它们的这种抑制能力与其清除超氧阴离子的能力有关,     

葛根素对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

采用异丙肾上腺素造成大鼠急性心肌缺血模型 ,观察葛根素对大鼠心电图、血清磷酸肌酸激酶 (CPK)、心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和脂质过氧化物丙二醛 (MDA)的影响。发现葛根素可对抗异丙肾上腺素所致心肌缺血大鼠的心电图ST段的异常升高 ,使血清CPK降低 ,并可增加心肌组织SOD的活力 ,减少MDA生成。提示 :葛根素对大鼠心肌缺血有保护作用     

All-trans retinoic acid suppresses liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide in rats

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been reported to exert major effects on the immune system, including monocytes/macrophages. The present study was designed to determine whether ATRA would modulate macrophage-associated liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. All-trans retinoic acid administration alleviated the liver injury and reduced the incidence of death following hepatic failure. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels 5 h after, and survival rates within 12 h after the administration of LPS were significantly lower in the ATRA-treated group (134 ± 119 IU/L and 72.7%) compared with the control group (713 ± 411 IU/L and 18.2%; P < 0.05). Histological findings supported these results. These effects may be due to suppression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide anions produced by activated macrophages. Serum levels of TNF-α 1 h after LPS administration were significantly lower in the ATRA-treated group (60.5 ± 7.0 ng/mL) as compared with the control group (105.2 ± 39.3 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Formazan deposition that was generated by the perfusion of the liver with nitroblue tetrazolium, also suggested suppression of the release of superoxide anions from hepatic macrophages. These results suggest that ATRA acts as an immunomodulator in liver injury by suppressing the activation of liver macrophages.     

超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物与溃疡病发病关系

目的：观察超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）在消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）治疗前后变化，以探索其对ＰＵ发病和愈合作用。方法：用ＳＵＮ法和于树玉法分别测定ＰＵ患者血及组织中铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ）活性和ＬＰＯ含量。结果：１８０例十二指肠溃疡（ＤＵ）和４２例胃溃疡（ＧＵ）患者粘膜和红细胞中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性比正常组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。１３６例ＤＵ组织及血中和１５例ＧＵ组织中ＬＰＯ含量比正常组显著升高（Ｐ＜００１～０．００１）。用呋喃唑酮、雷尼替丁和洛赛克分别治疗５０、２０和２４例ＤＵ患者两周后组织中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性比治疗前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．００１）。组织中ＬＰＯ含量比治疗前明显降低（Ｐ＜０００５～０．００１）。组织和红细胞中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性从活动期→愈合期→瘢痕期逐渐升高，而ＬＰＯ含量则逐渐降低。结论：粘膜组织中Ｃｕ ＺｎＳＯＤ活性和ＬＰＯ含量升降与消化性溃疡的愈合和发病密切相关。     

Polyamines found in gingival fluid enhance the secretory and oxidative function of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro

Many bacterial and host cells contain large amounts of polyamines that can be released at infection sites as a result of cell lysis. Consequently, the putrescine and spermidine content of gingival fluid from inflamed periodontal pockets (0.1 to 1 mM) is sharply elevated in comparison to peripheral blood. At these levels, polyamines potentiated fMet-Leu-Phe-induced Ca²⁺ signaling in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in vitro. Consistent with the essential role of Ca²⁺ signaling in PMN activation, secondary granule release and superoxide anion production by fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMNs was enhanced in the presence of polyamines. Thus, polyamines may play a local role in modulating the antimicrobial activity of PMNs in periodontal disease.     

Relationship of sperm superoxide dismutase-like activity with other sperm-specific enzymes and experimentally induced lipid peroxidation in infertile men

Summary. Superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like), isoenzyme lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) and NADH-diaphorase activities in spermatozoa have been investigated from 58 normozoospermic and 27 oligozoospermic men. Significantly higher SOD-like, LDH-C4 and diaphorase activities ( P <0.01, P <0.005 and P <0.0001, respectively) were detected in spermatozoa from oligozoospermic men, compared to the activities found in normozoospermic samples. SOD-like activity (mean±SE) in oligozoospermic samples amounted to 8.3±1.6 U 10⁻⁸ spermatozoa, while in spermatozoa in normozoospermic men with a sperm concentration above 20 million of spermatozoa per ml amounted to 4.2±0.5 U 10⁻⁸. There was a close correlation between the SOD-like activity and biochemical indicators of the presence of residual cytoplasm i.e. isoenzyme LDH-C4 and NADH-diaphorase (r = 0.53 and r = 0.66 in normozoospermic and r = 0.63 and r = 0.54 in oligozoospermic men, respectively). A positive relationship between SOD-like activity and experimentally-induced lipid peroxidation was detected in 54 infertile men (r = 0.30; P <0.05). These findings suggest that a higher level of superoxide dismutase-like activity may reflect a defect in the development or maturation of spermatozoa and, thereby, a decreased fertility potential. Hence, determination of SOD-like activity may give information on the state of maturity of human spermatozoa, while its role in the antioxidative protection remains to be determined.     

硫氮(艹卓)酮对心肌钙反常损伤的影响

本实验建立心肌钙反常损伤模型,观察钙通道阻滞剂硫氮(艹卓)酮对心肌钙反常损伤的影响。发现硫氮(艹卓)酮能显著减轻心肌挛缩,提高冠脉流量和冠脉流出液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低心肌细胞内的 CPK 释放及心室肌组织钙含量。实验结果表明,硫氮(艹卓)酮对心肌钙反常损伤有明显的保护作用。     

线粒体与吗啡诱导的肝损伤作用

我们用药掺食法培养吗啡依赖大鼠模型，研究了吗啡依赖大鼠肝线粒体自由基损伤及其结构与功能的变化。结果发现：超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性明显降低、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显升高；细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活性、心磷脂含量和膜流动性都明显降低。这表明吗啡依赖大鼠肝线粒体自由基清除能力降低，导致自由基损伤增加，并进一步影响到线粒体的结构与功能。线粒体结构与功能的这种改变可能在吗啡诱导的肝损伤中有重要作用。     

Superoxide dismutases of muscle in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies

Lmmunohistochemical analyses were made of the superoxide dismutases (Mn-SOD and CuiZn-SOD) in biopsied muscles from 7 patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies that included mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS), and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). Mn-SOD mainly was present in the subsarcolemmal region, but it also was found in a coarsely granular, reticular, or diffuse pattern of staining within the muscle fibers. These Mn-SOD-positive fibers corresponded almost completely to the ragged-red fibers. The immunoreaction for CuiZn-SOD was weakly positive in some of the muscle fibers positive for Mn-SOD. In CPEO, Mn-SOD-positive fibers predominantly showed decreased cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. In MELAS, Mn-SOD-positive fibers tended to be stained deeply for COX although a few were COX-negative. These findings suggest that Mn-SOD-positive fibers can be used to make a differential diagnosis between CPEO and MELAS and that in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies Mn-SOD in the raggedred fibers may protect against oxidative stress. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.