长毛铗蠓和满载铗蠓二新种描述(双翅目:蠓科)

本文描述了长毛铗蠓和满载铗蠓二新种，分别采自四川省犍为县和海南省三亚市。     

Sex Differences in o-Phenylphenol and Sodium o-Phenylphenate Rat Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis: Urinary Metabolites and Electrolytes under Conditions of Aciduria and Alkalinuria

F344 male and female rats were administered 1.25% o -phenylphenol (OPP) or 2% sodium o- phenylphenate (Na-OPP) in combination with 3% NaHCO₃ or 1% NI₄Cl for 8 weeks and changes in the urinary bladder histopathology and the urinary components were examined. Administration of OPP with NaHCO₃ resulted in marked urothelial liyperplasia in the urinary bladder of male rats, the response being less pronounced in females. OPP alone exerted no proliferative effect and NaHCO₃ induced only slight hyperplasia in males. Na-OPP alone induced mild hyperplastic lesions only in males, this being completely prevented by concomitant administration of NH₄C1. The findings thus demonstrated a clear correlation between hyperplastic response and reported carcinogenic potential of these treatments. Of the urinary factors examined, increases in levels of pH and sodium ion concentration were positively associated with proliferative lesions especially in males, although the findings failed to explain the sex difference. Urinary concentrations of non-conjugated forms of OPP metabolites were also not directly correlated with the development of hyperplasias. Thus, changes in individual urinary factors presumably affect nrothelial proliferation in combination rather than separately. The presence of OPP metabolites, including 2-phenyl-l,4-benzoquinone, in the urine may be unimportant in the OPP urinary carcinogenesis even under conditions of alkalinuria and high sodium ion concentration.     

Impact of oxidative stress on lung diseases

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal cellular metabolism and are known to act as second messengers. Under physiological conditions, ROS participate in maintenance of cellular 'redox homeostasis' in order to protect cells against oxidative stress through various redox-regulatory mechanisms. Overproduction of ROS, most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by cytokines or the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase, results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a deleterious process that leads to lung damage and consequently to various disease states. Knowledge of the mechanisms of ROS regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in lung inflammation and injury.     

计算气动声学中的高精度紧致差分格式研究

优化了五对角紧致差分格式。通过Fourier分析，将优化目标转化为一个求带有约束的多元非线性函数的最小值问题，利用序列二次规划(SQP)方法获得最佳系数。通过三种措施保证优化的格式具有高精度和分辨率：i 直接对量化波数误差积分求其最小值；ii采用绝对误差准则，使各种波长的波具有同一误差限；iii 优化的波数空间和精确求解区间一致。通过调整内部和边界格式的Taylor精度及误差限，保证整个格式的稳定性，并从理论上证明了优化格式具有渐进稳定性。一维和二维基准算例体现了优化格式的性能改进。     

Gender‐related changes in increase of dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb of Parkinson's disease patients

Gender differences in dopaminergic related neurodegenerative diseases have hardly been studied until now. It is generally accepted that more men than women suffer from Parkinson's disease. One of the most prevalent symptoms in Parkinson's patients, hyposmia, does not show gender differences, while normally the sense of smell is better developed in females. Whether the change in dopamine in the olfactory bulb contributes equally to hyposmia in male and female Parkinson's patients is the subject of the present study. In a stereological study the total number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the olfactory bulbs of male and female Parkinson's patients and age‐matched controls has been estimated. The present stereological study shows that the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells in control females is significantly lower than those in control males. The number of dopaminergic cells in the olfactory bulbs of both male and female Parkinson's patients equals that of healthy males of the same age group. We therefore conclude that the hyposmia in Parkinson's disease patients cannot simply be ascribed to dopamine in the olfactory bulb. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society     

家庭因素与医学生英语自主学习差异相关性研究

通过对某医学院297名在校学生大学英语自主学习情况的问卷调查和跟踪分析,发现因家庭驻地、经济收入和家长受教育程度的影响,这些学生在英语自主学习的动机、需求、焦虑和考试成绩等方面均存在显著差异。     

Strain differences in distribution of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity from rat brain and adrenal gland

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity was measured in adrenal glands and medulla oblongata from 4 inbred rat strains, Fischer 344, Buffalo, Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats. Adrenal enzyme activity was markedly different among the strains with the highest in Fischer, followed by Sprague-Dawley, Lewis and Buffalo rats in decreasing order. In medulla oblongata, the PNMT activity of Buffalo rat was the lowest being about one half of that of the other strains. Despite differences in the enzymes activity, immunotitration results indicate that there is no immunochemical difference between adrenal or medulla oblongata PNMT among the strains. Furthermore, the strain differences in the activity are not due to presence of an inactive enzyme, but to the amount of the enzyme. Our preliminary findings by dot blot hybridization, using a 32P-labeled cDNA probe for PNMT suggest that differences in adrenal and medulla oblongata PNMT activity between Fischer and Buffalo rats are partially due to differences in the amount of PNMT mRNA present.     

圆形分布对蝇类季节变化规律的分析研究

目的：掌握蝇类季节变化规律，为蝇类防制提供依据；方法：用圆形分布法；结果：曲阜市1995--1998年城区蝇类高峰日为7月7日，高峰期4月15日—8月28日，有明显的变化及规律；结论：蝇类季节变化规律的分析，有效预防流行疾病的传播和流行。     

Opportunistic Infections of Skin and Nails by Non-dermatophytic Fungi/Opportunistische Infektionen der Haut und der Nägel durch Pilze, die keine Dermatophyten sind.

Summary: Four cases of opportunistic nail infections by non-dermatophytic fungi, 1 by a new Chaetophoma species, 2 by Microascus cinereus and 1 by Phialophora bubakii, are described.
Zusammenfassung: Vier Fälle opportunistischer Onychomykosen durch Pilze, die keine Dermatophyten sind (ein Fall mit einer neuen Chaetophoma-Art, zwei Fälle mit Microascus cinereus, ein Fall mit Phialophora bubakii) werden beschrieben.     

Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Can the Blood Pressure Difference Between Arms Predict the Severity of Steal

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A side-to-side difference in systolic brachial arterial blood pressure is a common finding in subclavian artery stenosis and is frequently used as a screening tool for subclavian steal syndrome (SSS). It was the goal of this retrospective study to investigate the relationship between different vertebral artery waveform types and the side-to-side difference in systolic blood pressure in patients with sonographically proven SSS. METHODS: The records of 1860 patients from the Neuroultrasound Laboratory between January 2000 and December 2000 were screened for the diagnosis of SSS in the final ultrasound report. In all patients, bilateral brachial arterial blood pressure was measured in a sitting position prior to the ultrasound examination. Vertebral artery waveforms were classified as (1) systolic deceleration, (2) alternating flow, and (3) complete reversal at rest. Blood pressure difference as calculated by normal-side blood pressure minus lesion-side blood pressure was compared with the 3 Doppler waveform types. RESULTS: SSS was found in 51 of 1860 (2.7%) ultrasonography studies of 49 patients (17 men, 32 women; mean age 65.3 +/- 10.5 years). Two patients (4%) had bilateral SSS. In 3 patients (6%), SSS was related to an innominate artery stenosis. Waveform analysis showed a completely reversed flow in 16 (31%), an alternating flow in 24 (47%), and a systolic deceleration in 11 (22%) cases. Systolic blood pressure difference was significantly higher in the complete reversal and alternating groups than in the systolic deceleration group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Brachial systolic blood pressure difference is related to the severity of SSS and can be used as a screening tool for SSS. However, it performed better in severe steal than milder steal phenomena.