Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in rabbits. Modulation of pulmonary inflammation by long-term aerosol challenge with antigen

Immunized rabbits that were aerosol challenged for 2 to 3 wk with pigeon dropping extract, an etiologic agent of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, developed chronic pulmonary inflammation associated with cell-mediated immunity in bronchoalveolar cells. However, prolonged aerosol challenge for 12 wk resulted in the diminution of pulmonary inflammation (modulation) and the loss of demonstrable cell-mediated immunity. This was probably not due to loss of sensitized lymphocytes that mediated pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, rabbits undergoing modulation when they were challenged with an unrelated antigen were refractory to the development of pulmonary inflammation for at least 9 wk. After this refractory period, animals reimmunized and aerosol challenged with pigeon dropping extract displayed an anamnestic response and produced pulmonary lesions that were strikingly similar to the histopathology of human hypersensitivity pneumonitis.     

银杏叶提取物对在体缺血保存再灌注后肺组织ICAM-1和P-选择素基因mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物对在体缺血冷藏再灌注后肺组织ICAM-1和P选择素基因mRNA表达的影响。方法 新西兰白兔30只。随机分为3组：对照组、LPD组和GBE组．建立兔在体缺血冷藏再灌注模型，对照组左肺不灌注肺保护液，阻断左肺门后直接将左肺下叶载体冷藏于10℃肺保存器内2h，再灌注2h；LPD组左肺门阻断后经肺动脉灌注LPD液，余同对照组；GBE组灌注液为合银杏叶提取物（Ginkgo Biloba Extract，GBE）的LPD液，余同LPD组。分别于左肺门阻断前、缺血2h、再灌注2h取左肺组织，RTPCR技术检测P-选择素和ICAM-1基因mRNA的表达；免疫纽化技术检测P-选择素和ICAM-1基因蛋白质产物量。结果 三组在缺血前及缺血2h再灌注前P—selectin基因mRNA表达量及其蛋白质产物免疫组化评分组间均未有显著性差异。再灌注2h后，GBE组P—selectin基因mRNA表达量厦其蛋白质产物免疫组化评分显著低于LPD组和对照组。，缺血前，所有三组ICAM—1基因mRNA表达量均未有显著性差异，在缺血2h后再难注前及再灌注2h后，ICAM—1基因mRNA表达量及其蛋白质产物免疫组化评分在GBE组均显著低于对照组和LPD组。结论 银杏叶提取物可抑制P—selectin和ICAM—1基因mRNA的表达上调，使肺组织P—selectin和细胞间粘附分子-1蛋白产物减少，从而减轻保存肺的缺血再灌注损伤。银杏叶提取物作为肺保护液添加剂，在进一步研究后可以试用于临床肺移植，为中药提取物的开发应用展示了光明的前景。     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

Isolation and immunochemical characterization of the major allergen of birch pollen (Betula verrucosa)

The classification of some of the extractable birch pollen antigens as allergens was established by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). In CRIE the major allergen (antigen 23) exhibited the strongest “radiostaining” and only a few other components of birch pollen extract were visibly radiostained. The major allergen and a preparation containing mainly the minor allergens, antigens 25 and 19, were isolated from a crude aqueous birch pollen extract by a combination of anion-exchange, size-exclusion, and chelate chromatography. Antigen 23 was purified to near homogeneity. The molecular weights and the pIs of antigens 23, 25, and 19 were determined to be 17,000 daltons, pI 5.25 (5.5, 5.0); 25,000 daltons, pI 5.0 (4.9, 5.4); and 29,000 daltons, pI 6.2 (5.4), respectively. The classification of antigen 23 as the major allergen in birch pollen was supported by results of RAST inhibition experiments, RAST screening, and skin prick testing.     

Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling

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Antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties of Neovastat (Æ-941), an orally active extract derived from cartilage tissue

A novel naturally occurring antiangiogenic agent isolated from cartilage, referred to as Neovastat (AE-941), was examined for its efficacy against tumor neovascularization and progression. Exposure to Neovastat results in ex ovo antiangiogenic properties in the chorioallantoid membrane of chicken embryo (71% decrease in the angiogenic index as compared to the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treated control embryos, P < 0.0001). Oral administration of Neovastat inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis in the Matrigel mouse model (87.5% decrease in hemoglobin as compared to the bFGF-treated control implants, P < 0.0001). Neovastat also induces a dose response decrease of lung metastases in the Lewis lung carcinoma model (oral administration; 69.1% of inhibition obtained at the maximal dose of 0.5 ml/day, P < 0.0001). Combined with a sub-optimal dose of cisplatinum (2 mg/kg, i.p.), Neovastat (0.5 ml/day) improved the therapeutic index by increasing the antimetastatic efficacy and by exerting a protective activity against cisplatinum-induced body weight loss and myelosuppression. In summary, our experimental data provide evidence of antiangiogenic and antimetastatic properties of Neovastat, following oral administration.     

人参银杏复方制剂对缺氧复氧后大鼠海马CA1区GABA、Glu表达的影响

目的：探讨人参银杏复方制剂对缺氧复氧后海马CAI区神经元的保护作用机制。方法：应用低压氧舱仿海拔8000米高空缺氧模型，采用免疫组织化学及免疫荧光方法并结合图像分析等技术，观察预防性应用人参银杏复方制剂对缺氧24h复氧0h、24h时段海马CAI区GABA、Glu表达的影响。结果：缺氧24h复氧卟组海马CAI区GABA免疫反应阳性神经元数量、Glu免疫反应阳性神经元荧光强度分别较常氧对照组减少和减弱，复氧24h后上述变化更加明显。预防性应用人参银杏复方制剂后海马CAI区GABA免疫反应阳性神经元数量在复氧0h和24h时较常氧对照组多，以复氧0h时增加最明显；Glu免疫反应阳性神经元荧光强度在复氧0h、24h时段也较缺氧复氧实验组相应时段增加。结论：人参银杏复方制剂可增加缺氧复氧后海马CAI区GABA表达及防止Glu过度释放，对缺氧复氧性脑损伤具有保护作用。     

Effects of aspirin on nasal responses in atopic subjects

Preliminary experiments indicated that solutions of aspirin (ASA) in buffered saline, pH 7.35, did not significantly change nasal airways resistance (NAR) when 0.1 ml of solution containing 22.5 mg (or less) per deciliter was sprayed into each nostril. Subsequently it was shown that this quantity of ASA administered intranasally did not significantly change NAR responses 15 min later to intranasal administration of increasing concentrations of histamine, methacholine, or an irritant (NH₃ gas). However, the same atopic subjects demonstrated significantly decreased responses to intranasal challenge with short ragweed extract (SRW) after intranasal ASA. In addition, prior oral administration of ASA, Na salicylate, and indomethacin significantly inhibited nasal challenge responses to SRW in sensitive subjects under controlled conditions.     

银杏叶提取物联合盐酸文拉法辛对抑郁大鼠海马nNOS蛋白表达及NO水平的影响

目的 :探讨抑郁症脑损伤的机制 ,研究银杏叶提取物 (EGb)及合成抗抑郁药盐酸文拉法辛(Venlafaxine)对抑郁大鼠的抗脑损伤及神经元保护作用。方法 :慢性应激建立大鼠抑郁模型。将 84只雄性大鼠分为正常对照组、抑郁模型组和不同治疗组。快速断头法处死 ,取海马后一侧进行免疫组化反应 ,观察海马CA3区nNOS蛋白的表达 ;另一侧检测NO含量 ;同时测定血清中NO含量。结果 :抑郁模型组海马nNOS表达增加 ,海马及血清中NO含量增加 ,P <0 0 1;联合用药组海马nNOS表达下降 ,海马及血清中NO含量减少 ,P <0 0 1。结论 :慢性应激增加海马nNOS表达 ;EGb有减轻神经元损伤 ,保护神经元的作用 ,其与Venlafaxine合用可能会达到对抑郁进行多靶点、多层次的治疗 ,弥补单一用药的不足。     

苦瓜提取物对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的血糖的影响

目的:观察苦瓜提取物对链脲霉素引起的Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型的血糖、血清胰岛素及血脂的影响。方法:大鼠尾静脉注射小剂量链脲霉素25mg·kg-1,同时喂以高糖高脂饲料复制Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型.然后给予苦瓜提取物14,28,56mg·kg-1,连续灌胃给药4周后,测定血糖、血清胰岛素及血脂。结果:苦瓜提取物14,28,56mg·kg-1能降低实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血糖及血清胰岛素水平,能升高HDL-C含量,而对血脂其它指标无明显影响。结论:苦瓜提取物对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠有治疗作用。