锁阳全草化学成分的研究

目的 对新疆产锁阳Cynomorium songaricum全草的化学成分进行提取分离鉴定。方法 采用硅胶、大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel等色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过化学反应和光谱分析方法,如MS、¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR及二维核磁共振谱等进行结构鉴定。结果 从新疆产锁阳全草中提取分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为细梗香草内酯（capilliplactone,1）、芸香苷（rutin,2）、南酸枣苷（choerospondin,3）、熊果酸（ursolic acid,4）、β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,5）、胡萝卜苷（daucosterol,6）、香草酸（vanillic acid,7）、没食子酸（gallic acid,8）。结论 化合物1和7均为首次从该植物中得到。     

荞麦花叶芦丁对乙醇所致小鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨荞麦花叶芦丁（RBFL）对肝细胞损伤的保护作用,并探讨其可能机制。方法从荞麦花和叶中提取RBFL。采用胰蛋白酶消化、分离小鼠肝细胞行原代培养,乙醇体外诱导肝细胞损伤,以不同浓度的RBFL干预。检测损伤肝细胞培养上清液中天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组AST、ALT、MDA明显升高,SOD活性明显降低（P均〈0.01）。与模型组比较,RBFL75～300 mg/L干预后AST、ALT、MDA水平明显降低,SOD活性明显提高,呈剂量依赖性,P〈0.05、〈0.01。结论 RBFL对乙醇所致的肝细胞损伤有明显保护作用;其机制可能与RBFL能清除自由基、防止脂质过氧化、改善脂质代谢有关。     

广西山绿茶药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的：建立山绿茶药材HPLC指纹图谱分析方法。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法,C18柱（5μm,4.6mm×150mm）,乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长340nm,柱温30℃,使用＂计算机辅助相似度评价软件＂进行数据处理。结果：建立了山绿茶药材的HPLC指纹图谱,以芦丁为参照峰,确立了山绿茶药材指纹图谱中的12个共有峰。结论：所建立的指纹图谱有较强的针对性,为山绿茶的研究开发以及制定山绿茶的质量标准提供了科学依据。     

优化的HPLC-DAD法同时测定罗布麻中4种黄酮类成分的含量

目的建立优化的HPLC方法同时测定不同产地罗布麻药材中芦丁、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷以及槲皮素含量。方法采用Shiseido C18(3.0μm,3.0 mm×100 mm)色谱柱;以乙腈:甲醇=10:1作为A相-0.1%甲酸水溶液作为B相,梯度洗脱(0~4 min,5%→16%A;4~15 min,16%→23%A;15~20 min,23%→35%A;20~22 min,35%→55%A),流速0.6 ml.min-1;二极管阵列检测器检测波长:360 nm;柱温:30℃;进样量:5μl。结果芦丁、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素在22 min内基线分离,线性范围分别为0.308 4~30.84μg.ml-1(r=0.999 9),0.877 6~87.76μg.ml-1(r=0.999 9),0.902 0~90.20μg.ml-1(r=0.999 9),0.249 8~24.98μg.ml-1(r=0.999 9)。方法学考察表明,日内和日间精密度、最低检测限和定量限的范围均符合相关标准,加样回收率(n=3)分别为:芦丁102.0%、96.40%、103.8%;金丝桃苷98.50%、101.0%、102.9%;异槲皮苷98.40%、100.4%、101.4%;槲皮素104.4%、103.1%、103.5%。测定了9个产地的罗布麻中4个黄酮类成分的含量。结论本法快速,准确、简便,具有良好的重复性,可以为罗布麻药材质量控制提供依据。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接法探索复方一枝蒿颗粒治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的潜在分子机制

目的 通过网络药理学及分子对接技术探寻复方一枝蒿颗粒治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的作用机制。方法 应用TCMSP数据库、BATMAN-TCM数据库及文献收集复方一枝蒿颗粒活性成分及潜在靶点。通过TTD、GeneCards和OMMI数据库检索新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的靶点。将复方一枝蒿颗粒药物靶点和新型冠状病毒肺炎相关基因取交集，使用String数据库构建靶蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络。通过Cytoscape构建“药物–活性成分–靶点基因–疾病”网络。对交集靶点进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集分析。利用Autodock_vina软件对活性成分和靶点进行分子对接。结果 共筛选92个活性成分，1 627个靶点，新型冠状病毒肺炎疾病靶点464个，两者取交集筛选出87个潜在靶点。GO功能富集得到2 040个条目（P＜0.05），与病毒过程、参与共生相互作用的生物过程、活性氧代谢过程的调节、与宿主相互作用的生物过程、病毒生命周期、炎症反应的调节等生物学过程有关。KEGG通路分析共得到150条通路，与新冠肺炎密切相关的有人巨细胞病毒感染、结核、COVID-19、IL-17信号通路等。分子对接结果证实，筛选的靶点受体蛋白与活性成分可以较好地结合。结论 复方一枝蒿颗粒可通过多组分、多靶点和多途径的方式对新型冠状病毒肺炎产生治疗作用。     

Comparison of some secondary metabolite content in the seventeen species of the Boraginaceae family

Context: The Boraginaceae family comprises plants that have important therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Their pharmacological effect is related to the presence of naphthaquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, or purine derivative – allantoin.

Objective: In the present study, comparison of some secondary metabolite content and phytochemical relationship between 17 species of the Boraginaceae family were analyzed.

Materials and methods: High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was used to perform a chemometric analysis in the following Boraginaceae species: Anchusa azurea Mill., Anchusa undulata L., Borago officinalis L., Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst., Cerinthe minor L., Cynoglossum creticum Mill, Echium italicum L., Echium russicum J.F. Gmel., Echium vulgare L., Lindelofia macrostyla (Bunge) Popov (syn. Lindelofia anchusoides (Lindl.) Lehm.), Lithospermum officinale L., Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC., Omphalodes verna Moench (syn. Cynoglossum omphaloides L.), Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., Pulmonaria obscura Dumort., Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit ex Willd., and Symphytum officinale L.

Results: Six active compounds in shoot extracts (allantoin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, hydrocaffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four compounds in root extracts (allantoin, hydrocaffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin) were identified. The presence and abundance of these compounds were used for the characterization of the species and for revealing their phytochemical similarity and differentiation.

Discussion and conclusion: The present study provides the first comprehensive report of the extraction and quantification of several compounds in Boraginaceae species (some of them for the first time). Among the 17 species studied, species with potentially high pharmacological activity were recognized.     

Anticarcinogenic activity of Muntingia calabura leaves methanol extract against the azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats involved modulation of the colonic antioxidant system partly by flavonoids

Context: Leaves of Muntingia calabura (Elaeocarpaceae) are widely used in traditional medical practice; scientific findings show various pharmacological activities. However, its anticancer effect has not been investigated thoroughly yet.

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the chemoprevention effects of MEMC_L against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer and to examine the involvement of endogenous antioxidants

Materials and methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats, divided into five groups (n?=?7), were injected intraperitoneally once weekly for 2?weeks with 15?mg/kg AOM, except for the normal group (received saline). The animals were then administered orally for 8?weeks with 8% Tween-80 (vehicle; normal group), 8% Tween-80 (vehicle; cancer group) or, 50, 250 or 500?mg/kg MEMC. After treatments, colon samples were collected from each rat for the histopathological analysis, quantification of aberrant crypt foci formed and determination of colon antioxidant levels. MEMC was also subjected to HPLC analysis.

Results: The extract exerted significant (p?rutin.

Discussion and conclusions: Muntingia calabura leaves exert anticancer effect against AOM-induced colon cancer possibly via the action of flavonoids on the colon tissue antioxidant activity.     

白麻叶和罗布麻叶的化学成分与抗炎活性比较研究

目的 比较研究白麻Apocynum pictum叶和罗布麻Apocynum venetum叶的化学成分及抗炎活性差异。方法 取白麻叶和罗布麻叶,20倍量60%乙醇溶液回流提取 2 次 ,每次 1.5 h ,合并提取液,浓缩、干燥,即得白麻叶提取物（APLE）、罗布麻叶提取物（AVLE）;以每毫升药液0.03 g药材的浓度过HPD300大孔树脂柱,水洗除杂后以60%乙醇溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩、干燥,即得白麻叶精制物（APLP）、罗布麻叶精制物（AVLP）。利用UPLC/Q-TOF/MS鉴定白麻叶和罗布麻叶提取物及精制物的化学成分,进而以HPLC检测白麻苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和紫云英苷的含量。在进行急性毒性实验确定最大耐受剂量的基础上,采用小鼠棉球肉芽肿模型考察4种样品对小鼠肉芽肿指数、抑制率和肾上腺指数的影响,并检测血清组胺、5-羟色胺和前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平。结果 以UPLC/Q-TOF/MS从4种样品中鉴定出化学成分97个,其中白麻叶和罗布麻叶的共有化学成分82个,主要是黄酮、黄酮糖苷和黄烷酮。HPLC检测结果显示,APLE、APLP中的白麻苷质量分数分别为 2.43%和 11.98%,罗布麻样品中未检出白麻苷,但 AVLP中芦丁、异槲皮苷、金丝桃苷和紫云英苷的质量分数分别是APLP的30.37、1.75、8.64、1.58倍。动物实验表明,与模型组比较,1.50、0.75 g·kg^-1的APLP可显著降低小鼠棉球肉芽肿指数（P＜0.05）,抑制率分别为 25.79%、21.75%;1.50 g·kg^-1剂量可显著降低血清组胺和 5-羟色胺水平（P＜0.05）,0.75 g·kg^-1剂量可显著降低 5-羟色胺水平（P＜0.01）;APLE、APLP 下调 PGE₂水平,差异不显著;AVLE、AVLP 显著升高PGE₂水平（P＜0.05）。结论 白麻叶和罗布麻叶的化学成分同中有异,相同方法制备的样品在抗炎活性上有较为明显的差别,其中APLP的抗炎活性最强,作用机制可能与调节血管活性胺的释放相关。