三种虾蛄肌肉营养成分分析及评价

虾蛄俗称“虾爬子”,“螳螂虾”,“琵琶虾”、“小龙虾”等 ,隶属节肢动物门 ,甲壳纲 ,口足目 ,虾蛄科的经济海产动物 ,主要生活在近海浅滩泥质海底巢穴中 ,全国各地的沿海都有分布。近年来随着人们膳食结构的转变 ,虾蛄是深受人们喜爱的佳肴 ,也是出口创汇的水产品之一。对虾蛄 ,国内外均有研究 [1～ 6 ]。但对营养成分分析报道较少[7,8] 。本研究分别对三种虾蛄的基本营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸的组成和含量进行比较研究 ,为虾蛄的人工养殖和综合利用提供基础数据。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　材料　　实验所用口虾蛄 ( Oratosquilla ora…     

临床应用大方的思路与方法

探讨临床应用大方的思路和方法。从辨证的模糊性、疾病的复杂性与矛盾性和小方在临证应用中的困惑与不足等方面探讨临床应用大方的必要性,从合方而用、专方及体质辨证基础方等方面论述大方药势的处方学特点。     

Lähmung des N. hypoglossus nach operativem Eingriff – Behandlung mit Akupunktur

Acupuncture is able to accelerate the process of healing significantly when employed in cases of nerve paresis as shown in the following analysis. The patient's constant condition of speech and swallowing impediment before treatment changed relatively fast after starting acupuncture treatment. It is self evident that we took into account the primary disease (AIDS) and its problems. The simplicity of a complementary treatment with acupuncture according to the possible results should make us consider the use of acupuncture as an important way to treat paresis in the early subacute phase and if possible during clinical stay.     

Post-prandial cardiovascular responses in man after ingestion of carbohydrate,protein or fat

Changes in cardiac output and in superior mesenteric arterial flow were followed with Doppler ultrasound techniques in five young, healthy persons for 2 h after ingestion of medium-sized (4 MJ), fluid meals containing either carbohydrate, protein, fat or water only. Measurements were carried out before meals and at regular post-meal intervals, during which mean arterial blood pressure was also followed. All energy-containing meals caused marked and gradually developing post-prandial increases in cardiac output as well as in superior mesenteric arterial flow. The maximum flow levels were reached in the course of 30–60 min and maintained until the observations ended after 2 h. The intake of water caused no such flow increases. There were considerable interpersonal variations in the size and in the speed of development of the flow increases after the three types of energy-containing meals. The flow-increasing effects of the three meal types were not significantly different, even if the most marked increases (median values about 1 1 min^-1 for both cardiac output and superior mesenteric arterial flow) occurred after carbohydrate meals. The marked effects on circulation of the three food components were also revealed in the calculated, integrated amounts of ‘extra’ cardiac output and superior mesenteric arterial flow observed in the course of the 2 h following the meal. Values of more than 100 1 for such ‘extra’ flows were seen after carbohydrate meals. The marked ingestion-released increase in blood flow to the splanchnic organs is apparently partly met by an increase in cardiac output, and partly by some redistribution of flow, which benefits the digestive system.     

Body composition in young female adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. A prospective case-control study.

AIMS: Overweight is common during late puberty in female patients with Type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the change in body composition from late puberty to early adulthood in such female patients in comparison with age-matched control subjects. METHODS: Eighteen females with Type 1 diabetes and 19 healthy female control subjects were recruited for a case-control study at the age of 16-19 years (baseline). Six years later, 16 of the diabetic females and 17 of the control subjects were re-examined (follow-up). Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (total fat mass/height2) were significantly higher at baseline in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects (26.4 +/- 2.6 vs. 23.9 +/- 3.7 kg/m2, P < 0.05, and 10.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 8.0 +/- 2.8 kg/m2, P = 0.04, respectively). At follow-up, these parameters still tended to be higher in the diabetic group (27.8 +/- 4.9 vs. 24.6 +/- 5.7 kg/m2, P = 0.09, and 11.8 +/- 5.6 vs. 8.7 +/- 4.9 kg/m2, P = 0.05, respectively). BMI at baseline was strongly correlated to BMI at follow-up in both diabetic patients (r = 0.60; P < 0.05) and control subjects (r = 0.83; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Increased fat mass in pubertal girls with Type 1 diabetes seems to persist in young adulthood. This study emphasizes the need for new strategies to prevent the development of overweight during puberty in diabetic girls.     

Development of sample handling procedures for foods under USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program

The National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was implemented in 1997 to update and improve the quality of food composition data maintained by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NFNAP was designed to sample and analyze frequently consumed foods in the U.S. food supply using statistically rigorous sampling plans, established sample handling procedures, and qualified analytical laboratories. Methods for careful handling of food samples from acquisition to analysis were developed to ensure the integrity of the samples and subsequent generation of accurate nutrient values. The infrastructure of NFNAP, under which over 1500 foods have been sampled, mandates tested sample handling protocols for a wide variety of foods. The majority of these foods were categorized into several major areas: (1) frozen foods; (2) fresh produce and/or highly perishable foods requiring refrigeration; (3) fast foods and prepared foods; (4) shelf-stable foods; (5) specialized study and non-retail (point of production) foods; and (6) foods from remote areas (e.g. American Indian reservations). This paper describes the sample handling approaches, from the collection and receipt of the food items to the preparation of the analytical samples, with emphasis on the strategies developed for those foods. It provides a foundation for developing sample handling protocols of foods to be analyzed under NFNAP and for other researchers working on similar projects.     

全国部分城乡家鼠鼠情监测三年结果分析——Ⅰ.鼠种组成及地区分布

对全国部分城乡家鼠鼠情监测三年结果的分析表明:城乡家鼠组成均以三大家鼠(褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠)为主,其次为食虫目臭鼩鼱~#和黑线姬鼠。五种主要鼠种在家鼠组成中的数量比基本稳定,但三年中城乡少数鼠种间的顺位有所变化。监测结果亦表明,五种主要鼠种的地区分布是:褐家鼠、小家鼠遍布所有监测的省、市、区,同以往文献中遍布全国的说法一致;黄胸鼠分布于黄河以南;食虫目中的臭鼩鼱分布于华中区以南的广大地区。这在以往文献中均已有记载,但以往文献有关黄胸鼠和臭鼩鼱分布的其他说法,则被证实为不确切的。黑线姬鼠的分布范围已超过以往文献中关于分布于东北、华北及长江流域的说法,但以往文献中关于该鼠种遍及全国的说法是否正确,则有待进一步证实。     

东北边境地区吸血蠓的调查研究

1980～1988年在东北边境的漠河、珲春县等10个县区采获吸血蠓2属37种,其中发现4个新种和4个国内新记录。不显库蠓(35.7％)和刺螯库蠓(34.9％)为优势蠓种。不同生境、场所和季节的蠓种组成有所不同。灰黑库蠓、淡角库蠓和端斑库蠓在整个活动季节均只出现一次高峰,而不显库蠓、刺螫库蠓和兴安库蠓在整个活动季节均出现两次高峰。刺螫库蠓的活动季节最长,为11旬,端斑库蠓最短,仅为5旬。刺螫库蠓、不显库蠓、兴安库蠓和灰黑库蠓在昼夜24小时均出现晨、昏两次活动高峰,而边缘库蠓只在凌晨出现一次晨峰。     

方剂学科发展思路与方法

方剂学科传统模式已发生重大变化，现代方剂学以计算机和实验为重要研究手段，熔理论方剂学、实验方剂学及临床方剂学于一炉。现代方剂学科模式的建立必将培育出新的知识增长点，丰富学科内涵，促进研究方向和专业课程的调整，提高学术水平和人才培养质量，实现新世纪方剂学科发展质的飞跃。