超声刺激关元穴对自然围绝经期大鼠卵泡发育的影响

目的探讨超声刺激"关元穴"对围绝经期大鼠卵泡发育的影响。方法采用阴道涂片法筛选围绝经期雌性SD大鼠。选用输出声功率0.1 W,工作频率9 MHz,焦距4.5～5 mm,给予大鼠关元穴超声刺激。采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测大鼠血清雌激素(E)水平,组织学方法观察卵巢组织学结构变化,计数卵巢各级卵泡数。结果与对照组比较,超声刺激关元10 min/d、5min/d连续刺激10 d后显著提高围绝经期大鼠血中E水平(P<0.05),卵巢初级卵泡数、次级卵泡数增多,闭锁卵泡数减少(P<0.05)。结论超声刺激关元能改变围绝经期大鼠分泌雌激素的功能,影响卵巢卵泡发育。     

Prevalence of amino acid mutation in hepatitis C virus core region among Japanese volunteer blood donors

It is not known whether there is a trend of increasing or decreasing incidence of new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Japan. From the treatment point of view, it is important to verify HCV genotypes and the prevalence of treatment-resistant clones of HCV. At the Japanese Red Cross blood centers, all blood samples obtained from blood donation have been screened using serological methods and the minipool nucleic acid amplification testing. One hundred and fourteen donors have been identified over the past 10 years to be HCV RNA-only positive without detectable anti-HCV and were considered to be in the acute phase of HCV infection. There was a trend of decreasing incidence of such new infections among the blood donors. HCV RNA-only-positive samples were examined further for genotyping and HCV RNA quantitation. Genotype 2 (2a plus 2b) was predominant (78.2%) among them followed by genotype 1b (21.2%). Direct sequencing was carried out to detect the possible treatment-resistant mutant clones 70Q and 91M, clones with amino acid substitutions at positions 70 and 91 of the HCV core protein, respectively. 70Q and 91M were found regularly in donors with genotype 1b, but not in those with other genotypes. No particular endemic areas for the mutant clones were identified. There was no significant difference in the mean viral titer between the 70Q mutant type and the non-70Q wild-type. Even in newly infected people, the mutant clone 70Q was detected frequently.     

A time-dependent effect of caffeine upon lesion-induced plasticity

During a critical period, unilateral retinal lesions induce rapid axonal sprouting of intact axons into denervated territories within the collicular visual layers. We investigated the effect of caffeine, a non-selective A₁ and A_2a antagonist, upon the lesion-induced plasticity of retinotectal axons. Pigmented rats submitted to a temporal retinal lesion received either caffeine (30 mg/kg, ip) or saline treatment. The anterograde tracing revealed that caffeine treatment during the critical period resulted in a clear reduction on the sprouting of ipsilateral fibers but to an amplification of the plasticity after PND21, thus revealing opposite effects depending on the developmental time window.     

Absence of reproductive and developmental toxicity in rats following exposure to a 20-kHz or 60-kHz magnetic field

The use of intermediate frequency (IF) magnetic fields (MFs) in occupational equipment and domestic appliances, such as inductive heating cookers, is increasing. The WHO indicated a lack of scientific evidence needed to assess the health risk of exposure to IF MFs. Male and female rats (24/group) were exposed to a 20 kHz, 0.2 mT(rms) or 60 kHz, 0.1 mT(rms) sinusoidal MF for 22 h/day from 14 days prior to and during mating. Copulated females were exposed until gestation day 7 and sacrificed thereafter. Mated males were sacrificed to examine MF exposure effects on spermatogenesis. Reproductive examinations were blinded, and experiments were duplicated per frequency to ensure reproducibility. No statistically significant, exposure-related changes were found in the estrous cycle, copulation and fertility indices, numbers of corpora lutea and implantation sites, or pre- and postimplantation loss. No reproducible changes were observed in sperm count, motility, or morphological abnormality, or in the weights of testes and epididymides after MF exposure. No significant abnormalities were observed in gross pathology or histopathology of the uterus, ovary, testis, and epididymis in the MF- or sham-exposed groups. MF exposure during the preimplantation period was not toxic to fertility or early embryogenesis under the experimental conditions.     

沐舒坦临床应用剂量规范化探讨

沐舒坦作为一种粘液溶解剂,临床应用广泛。然而,沐舒坦的临床应用剂量的选择跨度较大,疗程长短也存在差异,还未能达成共识。其疗效与剂量的相关性有待于临床实验探究。随着遗传药理学和药物基因组学的兴起,研究沐舒坦是否存在遗传和基因组因素的影响,可能为其临床应用剂量的选择及个体化用药开拓新的视野。     

无创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭的临床观察

目的 慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭病情危重,近年来发病率高,笔者旨在探讨有效的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭的临床治疗.方法 回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年9月笔者所在医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期呼吸衰竭的60例患者的临床资料、动脉血气的变化.对照性研究所有患者机械通气治疗前后的临床表现、呼吸参数及动脉血气分析指标.结果 所有患者均能较好的耐受无创机械通气,且呼吸困难症状改善明显,机械通气后动脉血氧分压及二氧化碳分压得到明显改善(P＜0.05),而且也减慢了患者的呼吸频率,1周后所有患者病情缓解.结论 无创机械通气治疗能缓解呼吸肌疲劳、改善肺功能等,是慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者的一种安全有效的治疗方法,值得临床进一步的推广.     

临床药师干预I类切口围手术期预防用药成效分析

目的了解普外科清洁手术(Ⅰ类切口)患者围手术期抗菌药物预防应用情况,评价其合理性,为后期的围手术期抗菌药物干预研究提供参考。方法回顾性分析我院2011年7月和10月住院手术患者,抽取234例和245例Ⅰ类切口手术患者的完整资料进行统计分析。结果干预后抗菌药物在药物选择、术后用药时间、联合用药方面使用合理率有显著提高。结论实施的合理用药干预措施具有可行性和有效性,对促进合理使用抗菌药物起到积极作用。     

右美托咪定应用于高血压全麻患者围拔管期的临床研究

目的探讨右美托咪定应用在高血压患者全麻手术围拔管期的临床效果。方法选取60例合并高血压行全麻开腹手术的患者,随机分为实验组（D组）和对照组（N组）,两组均采取相同的全麻诱导与维持方式,在手术结束前并停用麻醉药时,D组给予右美托咪定1ug／kg、浓度4ug／mL,缓慢泵注10min,N组给予相同速率泵注等容量生理盐水。观察记录围拔管期患者的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、脑电双频指数（BIS）、苏醒时间（T1）、拔管时间（T2）及不良反应。结果拔管前1min、后10min,D组患者的MAP和HR均明显低于N组,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论右美托咪定能有效减轻高血压全麻患者在拔管期心血管反应和气道反射,同时可降低术后躁动等不良反应。     

腹腔镜胆囊手术围手术期的护理探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊手术围手术期护理干预。方法选择我院2010年2月。2012年2月收治80例行腹腔镜胆囊手术的患者,随机分成两组,对照组采用常规护理40例,观察组在围术期行优质护理干预40例,回顾性分析两组临床资料。结果两组患者均成功完成手术,平均手术时间和住院时间观察组均短于对照组,护理满意度高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,有统计学差异（P〈O．05）。结论腹腔镜胆囊手术围手术期行优质护理干预,可显著提高护理质量及临床效果,降低并发症发生率,改善患者的生存状况。     

宫颈癌患者介入治疗的围手术期护理

目的探讨宫颈癌患者介入治疗的围手术期护理要点。方法对13例宫颈癌患者,采用Seldinger技术进行动脉连续灌注化疗。制定详细的护理计划,术前对患者的心理健康情况进行全面评估,并通过宣教详细向患者介绍这一疗法的基本原理、优点和术后副反应的原因和处理原则,以消除病人紧张心理。术后采用系统化护理,积极预防各种并发症的发生。结果 13例患者均安全地接受治疗,治疗后检查肿瘤体积明显缩小。腰骶部、会阴及肛门的局部疼痛是术后较突出的一个症状,有9例患者出现术后低热,12例患者出现轻度恶心、呕吐,没有出现局部血肿、动脉血栓形成或栓塞等并发症。结论对宫颈癌患者进行介入治疗,术前、术后的护理非常重要,要求护理人员有高度的责任心、耐心做好解释工作、细致观察预防并发症,保证介入治疗的顺利完成。