发展性照顾对极低出生体重儿住院期间生长发育的影响

目的探讨发展性照顾对极低出生体重儿住院期间生长发育的影响。方法将新生儿重症监护病房收治的100例成活的极低出生体重儿随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用发展性照顾,比较两组极低出生体重儿的住院情况、生长发育、相关并发症等。结果两组极低出生体重儿的胎龄、出生体重、出生头围等差异无显著性(P>0.05);恢复出生体重的时间、达到全肠内营养时间、平均住院的天数均少于对照组(P﹤0.01);每日睡眠时间大于对照组(P>0.01);观察组恢复出生体重后平均体重增长率、每周头围增长的速度、每周身长增长的速度均快于对照组(P>0.01);呼吸暂停、喂养不耐受、坏死性小肠结肠炎、早产儿视网膜病的发生率均少于对照组(P>0.01)。结论发展性照顾护理模式能加快极低出生体重儿的生长发育,缩短住院时间,减少并发症,提高患者生存质量。     

Application of the IML Resistograph to the infield assessment of basic density in plantation eucalypts

Average bark-to-bark resistance of the IML Resistograph PD400 (hereafter referred to as ‘Resi’) was found to provide strong linear correlations with the basic density of 12-mm-diameter increment cores taken from standing plantation eucalypt trees. Relationships between Resi values and approximately 2 000 cores (predominantly Eucalyptus globulus but some E. nitens) were examined across seven studies (representing samples from nine distinct sites) in Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Custom-written software was developed to process the Resi traces to automatically perform a linear baseline correction of the trace, and extract:

• over-bark and under-bark diameter

• bark thickness

• average resistance of the bark-to-bark (under-bark) trace

• average resistance of the outer 50 mm on the entry and exit side of the traces.

Baseline correction was needed to counter the variable effects among trees of needle drag across the diameter, largely a function of tree diameter and wood density.

Individual traces were collected in less than 20 s tree^?1. The sampling conditions of 150 cm min^?1 speed of forward movement (feed speed) and 3 500 revolutions per minute (rpm) were identified as optimal for the plantation eucalypts studied. The relationship between different feed speeds and rpm were linear and coefficients determined to allow average Resi resistance to be converted to a common set of sampling conditions. A simple linear regression was identified in each study to define a slope and intercept to convert the Resi values to basic density and determine the variance between them. Resi traces from different studies were not always collected using the same instrument and this is believed to explain most of the between-study variance in slope and intercept.

Trace processing software was built into a web-based package that is available to make trace processing easy, with defined variables downloadable for use in routine plantation assessment. Users can change the default slope and intercept values to suit their individual instruments or species as required. Further work is required to fully define the effects of instrument, site and species on these relationships.

The IML Resistograph PD400 was found to be an accurate and quick (40–70 trees hour^?1 person^?1) infield tool for estimating diameter and wood density in standing trees. When combined with automated, web-based processing software the methodology is among the lowest cost options conceivable for wood density assessment of plantation eucalypts.     

HO-1与ox-LDL在大鼠动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用及相关性分析

目的:探讨诱导血红素氧合酶-1(hemeoxygenase-1,HO-1)与氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxidizedlowdensity lipoprotein,ox-LDL)在动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)发生中的作用.方法:利用高脂饮食法建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,40只Wistar大鼠随机均分为4组:对照组(A组)、单纯高脂饲料组(B组)、银杏叶提取物(extract of ginkgo biloba,EGB)组(C组)及锌原卟啉(Zinc protoporphyrinⅨ,ZnPPⅨ)组(D组),应用免疫组织化学染色法检测HO-1蛋白的表达,采用ELISA法测定大鼠血浆中oX-LDL的含量.结果:与A、B、D组相比,C组HO-1蛋白阳性表达程度最强,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与A、B、C组相比,D组ox-LDL蛋白的含量最高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);分析动脉粥样硬化中HO-1蛋白表达与ox-LDL含量之间的关系,发现二者呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论:EGB诱导HO-1蛋白的表达抑制ox-LDL表达,而ZnPPⅨ抑制HPO-1蛋白表达促进ox-LDL表达.因此,可以选用HO-1蛋白诱导剂来下调ox-LDL蛋白的表达实现抑制动脉粥样硬化的目的.     

The Return of Actionable Variants Empirical (RAVE) Study,a Mayo Clinic Genomic Medicine Implementation Study: Design and Initial Results

Objectives

To identify clinically actionable genetic variants from targeted sequencing of 68 disease-related genes, estimate their penetrance, and assess the impact of disclosing results to participants and providers.

Long-Term Weight Loss and Metabolic Health in Adults Concerned With Maintaining or Losing Weight: Findings From NHANES

More than two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese, with many attempting to lose weight to avoid adverse health outcomes and improve well-being. Achieving long-term weight loss (LTWL) success, defined as reaching at least a 5% to 10% weight loss goal, is challenging, yet important for overall metabolic health. It is currently unclear whether achieving higher thresholds of LTWL is associated with improved health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between LTWL thresholds (5%-9.9%, 10%-14.9%, 15%-19.9%, ≥20%) and metabolic health (metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk z score) among 7670 US adult respondents to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014) who were overweight or obese (past or present), were not underweight in the past year, not pregnant, and attempting to lose or maintain weight. A subsample of 3362 participants was used in the analysis of the metabolic risk z score. Multivariable regression models were constructed adjusting for covariates. Results indicate that the lowest and the 2 highest LTWL thresholds were related to lower odds for metabolic syndrome; for example, greater than or equal to 20% LTWL (odds ratio=0.52; 95% CI, 0.23-0.44; P<.001). All LTWL thresholds were significantly associated with the metabolic risk z score, with the largest effect among the 2 highest LTWL thresholds, that is, 15% to 19.9% LTWL (β=?0.45; 95% CI, ?0.54 to ?0.36; P<.001) and greater than or equal to 20% LTWL (β=?0.35; 95% CI, ?0.53 to ?0.17; P<.001). In conclusion, although achieving the currently recommended LTWL target was related to improved metabolic health, the 15% LTWL threshold was associated with more favorable outcomes.     

Limited Osteoporosis Screening Effectiveness Due to Low Treatment Rates in a National Sample of Older Men

Objective

To determine the association between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) testing for osteoporosis and subsequent fractures in US male veterans without a previous fracture.

2型糖尿病患者血糖控制水平对骨密度的影响

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制水平对骨密度的影响。方法:纳入T2DM患者170例,其中绝经前女性T2DM患者(A1组)21例,绝经后女性T2DM患者(A2组)79例,小于50岁男性T2DM患者(B1组)22例,50岁及以上男性T2DM患者(B2组)48例。应用双能X线骨密度仪测定所有患者腰椎(L2、L3、L4和L2~4)及股骨近端[(股骨颈(FN)、大转子(TM)和Wards三角区(WA)]的骨密度。以各部位骨密度为因变量,以糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、年龄、体重指数、病程等可能影响骨密度的因素为自变量,建立多重线性回归模型,分析血糖控制水平是否对T2DM患者骨密度有影响。结果:A1组未发现Hb A1c水平对骨密度有影响。A2组中Hb A1c水平对L2、L3、L4和L2~4的骨密度有影响(β=-0.579、-0.556、-0.614和-0.476,P均<0.05)。B1组中Hb A1c水平对L4、L2~4和WA的骨密度有影响(β=-0.443、-0.284和-0.227,P均<0.05)。B2组中Hb A1c水平对L4、L2~4和TM的骨密度有影响(β=-0.745、-0.297和-0.147,P均<0.05)。结论:T2DM患者血糖控制水平是骨密度的影响因素,尤其是对于男性及绝经后女性患者。     

MSCs 2种分离培养方法及其培养液中的 VEGF、SDF-1α浓度比较

目的：通过2种分离培养方法所得骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）的生长特征和微环境中细胞因子的比较,提供一种可以快速、安全、高效地为临床和实验提供大量优质MSCs的方法。方法提取C57BL／c小鼠的骨髓,分别作密度梯度离心法和全骨髓贴壁培养分离法分离培养MSCs ,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞表面CD29＋、CD31－、CD34－、CD45－表达水平,并比较各自所得细胞的生长曲线;ELISA检测培养液中的血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、SDF‐1α浓度并比较二者的差异。结果与密度梯度离心法比较,全骨髓贴壁分离法所得原代细胞有较快的生长速度,较短的生长周期;培养液中VEGF和SDF‐1α浓度也稍高于密度梯度离心法。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法可以快速、方便、有效地为临床和实验提供大量MSCs ,所得细胞的培养环境优于密度梯度离心法,减少了对细胞功能的损害。     

龙葵碱对人结肠癌鸡胚移植模型血管生成的影响

目的：建立人结肠癌鸡胚移植模型,研究龙葵碱对其血管生成的影响。方法将鸡胚分为对照组和低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组（均n＝10）,将培养的人结肠癌细胞系HT‐29细胞株接种到鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜（CAM）上,通过立体显微镜、Image‐proplus6．0图像分析软件及免疫组织化学苏木精‐伊红（HE）染色法,观察移植瘤在CAM上血管生成的特点,及不同龙葵碱剂量对血管生成的影响。结果HT‐29细胞接种到CAM第3～5天,大量血管向瘤体集中,长入或跨越瘤体表面,肿瘤迅速生长。给药后第5天进行拍照,图像分析,定量计算血管新生面积明显低于对照组,且呈剂量依赖性,各组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。免疫组织化学检测表明不同剂量龙葵碱的微血管密度明显低于对照组,与血管新生面积相一致;ki‐67抗原表达指数逐渐下降,实验组低于对照组,且各组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论龙葵碱能明显抑制人结肠癌HT‐29细胞株诱导的血管生成,从而抑制肿瘤的生长,为抗肿瘤血管生成的治疗方面提供了重要依据。