去氢骆驼蓬碱注射用乳剂的凝聚动力学研究

采用电导法对去氢骆驼蓬注射用乳剂的凝聚动力学进行了研究，求出凝聚速度方程和25℃时半凝聚期，从而定量地预测了这一分散体系的物理稳定性。     

Platelet proteins as autoantibody targets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), caused by autoantibodies directed against certain platelet antigens, is the most common entity of the immune thrombocytopenias. ITP is an acquired disorder and can affect both children and adults. However, the clinical syndromes of ITP are distinct between children and adults. Childhood (acute) ITP characteristically is acute in onset, occurs within 1-2 weeks of an infection, usually of viral origin, resolves spontaneously within 6 months. Adult (chronic) ITP has an insidious onset and rarely resolves spontaneously. Over the last decade considerable new information has accumulated as to the pathophysiological mechanisms of immune thrombocytopenias. In addition, most of the knowledge on this disorder has been obtained from studies of adult patients with chronic ITP. The present work gives an updated overview of the platelet autoantigens and the molecular immunological reactions in ITP.     

Importance of type IV collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the regulation of labyrinthine fluid in the rat cochlear duct

The distribution of major components of the basement membrane, such as type IV collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), was investigated in the rat cochlear duct. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that type IV collagen, laminin and HSPG were distributed along capillaries in the cochlear duct, including the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, spiral prominence and spiral limbus. Additionally, type IV collagen, laminin and HSPG were found to be distributed from the basement membrane of Reissner’s membrane to that of the spiral prominence in a linear pattern. The scala media was surrounded by these basement membrane components, demarcating endolymph from perilymph, along epithelial cells except at the stria vascularis. These findings suggest that type IV collagen, laminin and HSPG create the anatomical separation between endolymph and perilymph, thus indicating that they may be involved in the regulation of fluid transport between the endolymph and perilymph. Received: 3 December 1997 / Accepted: 12 February 1998     

Advanced glycosylation end products, protein kinase C and renal alterations in diabetic rats

Objective To study the relationship between advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) an d protein kinase C (PKC), and their effects on renal alteration in diabetic rats .
Methods Insulin or aminoguanidine was administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, hem oglobin A_1C (HbA_1C), glomerular tissue extracts AGE (GTE-AGE), PKC, glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT) and urine protein/creatinine ( Pr/Cr) ratio in diabetic rats were measured and analysed.
Results Levels of blood glucose, HbA_1C and AGE, PKC activity, the Pr/Cr ratio an d GBMT were all significantly increased (P values all less than 0.01) in di abetic rats. Insulin could decrease the formation of HbA_1C and AGE, and improve PKC activity. Aminoguanidine had no influence on PKC activity (P >0.05) although it decreased the formation of AGE. Both drugs could delay t he increase of urine Pr/Cr ratio and GBMT (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusions Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to an increase of PKC activity. HbA_1Cand AGE may not directly contribute to alterations of PKC activity, but the increa se of PKC activity could promote the action of AGE on GBM thickening. It is imp ortant t o inhibit the formation of AGE and reduce the PKC activity so as to prevent or d elay the development of diabetic nephropathy.     

骨巨细胞瘤AgNOR和DNA的定量研究

 采用AgNOR染色和流式细胞术分别对50例和30例骨巨细胞瘤（GCT）进行研究。AgNOR计数Ⅰ级7．49±1．57，Ⅱ级9．47±1．08，Ⅲ级10．67±0．37。Ⅰ级与Ⅱ级，Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级之间皆有显著性差异，Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级之间无显著性差异。FCM分析结果表明，DNA异倍体率在各级GCT之间有显著差异，各级GCT的S期百分比无显著性差异。整倍体和异倍体AgNOR计数有显著性差异。GCT复发浸润与倍体水平及AgNOR计数有关。     

组织蛋白酶D表达对乳腺癌预后的意义

 用免疫组化法检57例乳腺癌患者的Cath-D在乳腺癌组织中间质细胞和癌细胞的表达情况。结果表明：间质细胞Cath—D的表达强度高于癌细胞（P＜0.01）；Cath—D阳性表达与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移呈正相关（P＜0.005）与五年生存期呈负相关（P＜O.0O5）；在无淋巴结和小于4个转移的病例中，间质Cath—D阳性表达与五年生存期呈负相关（P＜0.005），而癌细胞的阳性与淋巴结转移情况和五年生存期的关系无统计学意义。本研究提示乳腺癌间质Cath—D表达能作为预测乳腺癌预后因素之一。对选择高危人群进行针对性治疗有意义。     

A limited-sampling method for evaluation of the area under the curve of ultrafilterable carboplatin in children

Carboplatin is a widely used cytotoxic agent in numerous solid tumors of children. Since there is a large degree of interpatient variability in the area under the curve of free carboplatin for a given dose of the drug, the current tendency is to adjust the carboplatin dose so as to reach a target area under the curve rather than to determine a carboplatin dose on the basis of the body surface area. A limited-sampling method was developed for estimation of the ultrafilterable carboplatin area under the curve and for adjustment of the carboplatin dose on subsequent treatments. Population parameters were obtained from 16 children (reference group). We used the maximum a posteriori (MAP) Bayesian approach on 15 children with complete carboplatin pharmacokinetic data (test group). Two blood samples were sufficient to obtain reliable prediction of the area under the curve. The best sampling times were: (a) 30 min after the end of the infusion and (b) 5 h after the end of the infusion. On the basis of these data it is possible to prescribe prospectively a target area under the curve for free carboplatin given in a fractionated daily infusion and to adapt the carboplatin dose directly to ultrafilterable carboplatin measurements. Received: 8 June 1997 / Accepted: 9 January 1998     

肾透明细胞癌中PCNA和T淋巴细胞的免疫组化研究

应用免疫组化的方法，检测增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和Ｔ淋巴细胞在５２例肾透明细胞癌中的阳性表达，结果显示ＰＣＮＡ指数与肿瘤核分级存在相关性，与分期无相关性；ＰＣＮＡ－ＬＩ≥２０％组的生存率明显低于ＰＣＮＡ－ＬＩ＜２０％组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｔ－ＬＩ≥１０％组生存率明显高于Ｔ－ＬＩ＜１０％组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；与肿瘤核分级、分期无相关性。提示ＰＣＮＡ－ＬＩ、Ｔ－ＬＩ可以作为肾透明细胞癌预后的参考指标。     

胃癌患者全胃切除、代胃及人工括约肌重建术后免疫功能的变化

为了研究全胃切除、胃及幽门重建新术式及术后胃癌患者免疫功能的变化，测定了胃癌患者术后０．５ａ、１ａ血液中ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＮＫＬ、Ｌ、ＩＬ－２、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＩＮＦ－γ水平。新术式术后患者ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＣＤ４、ＮＫＬ、Ｌ、ＩＬ－２、ＩＮＦ－γ水平明显高于传统术式组（Ｐ＜０．０１），与非肿瘤手术组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；新术式术后患者ＣＤ８、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显低于传统术式组（Ｐ＜０．０１），与非肿瘤手术组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示，新术式患者术后免疫功能恢复较快，而传统术式患者术后免疫功能恢复较慢且低下。     

数据挖掘方法用于中药水提液膜过程优化的研究

用数据挖掘技术研究常见的7种中药水提液体系中淀粉、果胶等高分子物质组成、物理化学性质与Al2O3陶瓷膜膜通量之间的关系。结果发现本实验体系：(1)中药水提液的粘度、粒径分布(D50)分别与有关变量呈近线性关系，且果胶含量对粘度、粒径分布(D50)的影响较大；(2)中药水提液的pH值与x1(固含物)、x3(果胶)等变量没有简单的线性关系，但采用模式识别方法，可以找到pH值的定性规律；(3)初步认识到中药水提液这一复杂体系影响Al2O3陶瓷微滤膜膜通量的主要因素，即水提液中的蛋白质含量、原液pH值和粒径分布(D90)；(4)利用自行开发的数据挖掘软件处理有关数据，得到膜通量下降速率与原液中粒径分布参数、pH值之间的定量关系，“留一法交叉验证”表明该定量关系的预报结果正确，基本锁定了造成该体系通量衰减的主要因素，使得中药水提液膜过程优化设计取得突破性进展。