Dustborne and airborne fungal propagules represent a different spectrum of fungi with differing relations to home characteristics

BACKGROUND: Exposure to fungi is often assessed by culturing floor dust or air samples. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between dustborne and airborne fungi and to identify factors that modify these relationships. METHODS: From November 1994 to September 1996 sequential duplicate 45-l air samples were collected in bedrooms of 496 homes in the Boston area, using a Burkard culture plate sampler. After air sampling, bedroom floors were sampled with a vacuum cleaner that was modified to collect dust in a cellulose extraction thimble. Dust was sieved, and the fine dust was dilution-plated onto DG-18 media. RESULTS: Concentrations of total culturable fungi per gram of bedroom-floor dust were correlated weakly, but significantly, with those of indoor air (r = 0.13, P < 0.05). Concentrations of some individual taxa in the dust and indoor air were also weakly associated. Adjusting for the concentrations of fungi in outdoor air, dustborne fungal concentrations were positively associated with those in indoor air for the taxa Cladosporium and Penicillium, but not for total fungi. The indoor air fungal levels were often predicted by different covariates to those predicting fungal levels in dust. The type of housing (house or apartment) and the presence of carpeting were often predictive factors for dust fungi. In contrast, outdoor fungal levels were often predictive of the indoor air fungal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Because our data do not indicate a strong overall relationship between culturable fungi in dust and indoor air, the results from these two methods (dust and air sampling) likely represent different types of potential fungal exposures to residents. It may be essential to collect both air and dust samples, as well as information on housing characteristics, as indicators for fungal exposure.     

Confirmed Cases of Ophidiomycosis in Museum Specimens from as Early as 1945, United States

Ophidiomycosis represents a conservation threat to wild snake populations. The disease was reported in North America early in the 21st century, but the history of ophidiomycosis has not been investigated. We examined museum specimens and confirmed cases of ophidiomycosis >50 years before the disease’s reported emergence.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海鱼中无机砷

目的建立测定海鱼中无机砷含量的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法。方法海鱼样品经稀硝酸超声热水浴提取后,AS7阴离子交换色谱柱分离,3.5 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3+1%甲醇与100 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3+1%甲醇流动相梯度洗脱,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果在1~100μg/L的线性范围,6种砷形态化合物的回归方程均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均优于0.9996,检出限为0.05~0.25μg/L,定量限为0.17~0.84μg/L,3个浓度加标回收率为88.5%~106.4%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.9%。结论本方法满足海鱼中无机砷含量的测定要求,提取快速,稳定,操作简单,检出限低,方法的重现性好,灵敏度高。     

苦参碱的镇痛作用部位及机制研究

目的:研究苦参碱的镇痛作用部位及机制.方法:采用小鼠醋酸扭体法,观察用后扭体反应数,舔小足潜期及组织NO含量的变化.结果:苦参碱侧脑室注射(icv)0.25,0.5nm/kg,ip或iv3.75,7.5,15,30mg/kg均可显著减少小鼠扭体反应数,并呈量效关系;ip与iv同等剂量的苦参碱,对小扭体反应的抑制欧以iv为强,给药后各时段的ip抗扭体半数有数量(ED50)均大于iv抗扭体ED50,ip苦参碱7.5,30mg/kg可显著降低醋酸致痛小鼠脑组织NO含量,进一步研究发现苦碱延长小鼠舔小足潜伏期的作用可被沦钙所拮抗,而被维拉帕米所增强.结论:苦参碱的镇痛作用部位在中枢,其镇痛作用可能与影响Ｃa^2 内流和减少ＮＯ生成有关.     

广藿香内生真菌撕裂耙齿菌A878次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究药用植物广藿香Pogostemon cablin内生真菌撕裂耙齿菌Irpex laceratus A878的活性次级代谢产物。方法 运用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、HPLC等多种柱色谱技术以及重结晶方法对发酵产物进行分离纯化,并利用¹H-和¹³C-NMR、UV等谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。采用SRB法和Griess法测定化合物的生物活性。结果 从广藿香内生真菌撕裂耙齿菌A878固体发酵产物中分离鉴定了2个新化合物和10个已知化合物。分别为撕裂耙齿菌内酯A(1)、撕裂耙齿菌内酯B(2)、细胞松弛素H(3)、细胞松弛素J(4)、18-甲氧基细胞松弛素J(5)、去乙酰基细胞松弛素H(6)、细胞松弛素J₃(7)、拟茎点霉(口山)酮A(8)、狄瑟酚A(9)、桔青霉三酚A(10)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(11)和1S,2R,4S-三羟基-对-薄荷烷(12)。结论 化合物1、2为新的吡喃内酯类化合物。活性研究表明化合物4、5和9对人神经癌SF-268细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人肝癌H...     

海绵共附生链霉菌Streptomyces parvulus 162432次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究海绵共附生链霉菌Streptomyces parvulus 162432的化学成分。方法 采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶填料（ODS）中压柱色谱和半制备高效液相色谱等技术进行分离纯化,得到的单体化合物采用HR-ESI-MS、NMR以及文献比对等方法进行鉴定,新化合物的绝对构型通过计算NMR和圆二色谱（ECD）确定。结果 从菌株Streptomyces parvulus 162432中分离纯化了9个环二肽类化合物,包括1个新化合物链霉菌二肽A（1）和8个已知化合物：环-(D-顺式-羟脯氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸)（2）、环-(D-脯氨酸-D-苯丙氨酸)（3）、环-(L-羟脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)（4）、环-(L-羟脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)（5）、环-(D-脯氨酸- L-亮氨酸)（6）、环-(L-脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)（7）、环-(D-脯氨酸-L-异亮氨酸)（8）、环-(L-亮氨酸-D-缬氨酸)（9）。对分离得到的化合物1～9进行肿瘤细胞增殖细胞毒和抗菌活性评价,活性结果显示,化合物1～9在10 μg/mL下对肿瘤细胞增殖均未显示出明显的细胞毒活性;化合物9对苏云金芽孢杆菌显示抑菌活性,最小抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）为25 μg/mL。结论 化合物1为新化合物,化合物2和4～9为首次从链霉菌Streptomyces parvulus中分离得到,化合物9具有一定的抗菌活性。     

海警人员核化生威胁防护装备发展策略研究

分析了国内海警部队执法时面临的核化生威胁的特点,总结了国内外核化生防护装备发展现状及在洗消、救治等方面的应用情况。针对目前海上核化生防护存在的问题,基于对我军现有核化生装备防护效能的评估,提出构建海警部队核化生防护装备体系及核化生威胁防护装备训练演练体系的发展策略,为海警部队核化生防护装备适应未来执勤任务提供参考。     

Fusarium endocarditis involving aortic valve following coronary artery surgery

This article describes a case of infective aortic valve endocarditisdue to Fusarium oxysporum occurring 4 years after coronary arterybypass grafting. It is the first reported case of endocarditiscaused by Fusarium.