躁狂症病人围手术期心理干预

目的探讨心理干预和医护结合治疗措施在躁狂症病人围手术期治疗过程中的应用及效果。方法将100例合并外科疾病的围手术期躁狂症病人随机分为干预组(50例)及对照组(50例),两组接受相似的抗躁狂药治疗及外科手术治疗方案,干预组在围手术期治疗过程中给予心理干预和医护结合治疗措施。结果通过两组对比研究,发现干预组与对照组在焦虑程度、治疗配合程度等方面比较,差异有显著性(p<0.01)。干预组治疗配合程度好于对照组,好转率高于对照组。结论对躁狂症病人围手术期开展心理干预和医护结合治疗措施,在缓解症状和提高病人治疗配合程度方面有明显促进的作用。     

Videotaped reliability in a multicenter collaborative investigation of divalproex sodium for the treatment of mania

This study describes the procedures used to establish videotaped inter-rater reliability in a multicenter study investigating the clinical efficacy of divalproex sodium for the treatment of acute mania. A total of 46 raters from 10 centers viewed and rated five videotaped diagnostic patients interviews using a modified SADS and SADS-C. Raters also viewed a follow-up videotaped interview at the midpoint of the study. Raters rated the quality of each interview for its teaching potential. Agreement among raters within study sites was estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results demonstrated significant agreement among raters within study centers at baseline and follow-up for both the SADS and SADS-C.     

Thrombocyte monoamine oxidase activity and personality traits in women with severe premenstrual syndrome

Women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) of such severity that they actively had sought medical attention for their symptoms were compared with healthy female students with regard to platelet MAO activity and temperamental correlates by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), scales from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Eysenck's IVE inventory. The women with PMS were divided into two groups; irritability and depression as predominating symptom. No variation in platelet MAO was found during the menstrual cycle, either in patients or in controls. Both PMS groups had significantly lower platelet MAO activity than the controls. There was no difference between the two groups with PMS. Also with regard to personality traits there were considerable differences between the females with PMS and the controls. There were few differences between the two groups of PMS patients. Thus, the patients scored significantly higher as regards somatic anxiety, muscular tension, indirect aggression, verbal aggression and neuroticism and lower as regards socialization than the controls.     

Acute mania due to a right hemisphere infarction

A 67-year-old woman who developed acute secondary mania immediately after a mixed (perforating and cortical) embolic brain infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery is described. According to neuroradiological findings ischemic lesions involving the basal and medial areas of the temporal lobe and the head of the caudate as well as the putamen were evident. In the pathogenesis of secondary mania due to cerebrovascular disease, the pattern of involved structures is unique and underlines the significance of lesion location after damage of the minor hemisphere.     

Assessment and Treatment of Mood Disorders in Persons with Developmental Disabilities

This article reviews the gradually emerging literature on the diagnosis and treatment of major depression and mania in persons with developmental disabilities. By analyzing prevalence data in the general population and large samples of people with mental retardation, the tendency to underdiagnosis mood disorders becomes apparent. The utility of a method of assessing symptomatic behaviors, which reflect the underlying depressive and manic symptoms, is demonstrated in individuals not able to self-report. A literature review on treatment of mood disorders in persons with developmental disabilities reveals virtually no research on psychotherapy and a modest number of case reports on the successful use of psychopharmacology.