胆管空肠吻合术后营养支持研究

目的从临床角度分析胆管空肠吻合术后患者采用肠内营养与肠外营养对患者恢复的差别,评价肠内营养的作用。方法在行胆管空肠吻合术后的患者中,通过72例肠内营养组和67例肠外营养组之间的术后营养状态、免疫功能、并发症发生率、平均住院日、平均费用等的比较分析,比较两组间的差异。结果肠内营养组与肠外营养组术后营养状态、免疫功能无显著差异(P>0.05),并发症发生率、平均住院日、平均费用肠内营养组均明显少于肠外组(P<0.01)。结论早期肠内营养支持应是胆管空肠吻合术后的首选营养支持方案。     

老年恶性消化道肿瘤患者术后应用肠内营养的安全性及疗效

目的 评价老年恶性消化道肿瘤患者术后应用肠内营养支持的安全性及临床疗效。方法 将108例老年恶性消化道肿瘤患者随机分为肠内营养（EN）组（45例）、肠外营养（PN）组（45例）及对照组（常规输液）组（18例），EN组术后24小时输注肠内营养液，PN组经外周静脉输注营养液。观察临床和测定营养支持前后患者的血糖、肝肾功能和电解质以及营养和免疫指标的变化。结果 EN组肠功能恢复时间明显短于PN组和对照组（P＜0．001）；血糖、肝肾功能、电解质、补体C3、C4和总补体溶血活性在各组问差异无显著性；EN、PN组治疗后体重、前白蛋白、白蛋白、IgG、IgM、IgA及C-反应蛋白均显著高于对照组（P＜0．05，P＜0．01），而EN组与PN组间差异无显著性；EN组、PN组治疗后CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01），且EN组治疗后CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋亦高于PN组（P＜0．05）。结论 肠内营养安全、实用有效，对体质差、年龄大的恶性消化道肿瘤患者更为适合。     

795例肠外营养支持的回顾性分析

目的:对795例患者的肠外营养支持进行回顾性分析.方法:对行肠外营养支持的399例患者进行治疗前后淋巴细胞计数、血浆白蛋白和血浆锌离子浓度等营养学指标的比较,并选择行肠外营养的患者198例与行单一静脉营养的患者198例进行营养学指标的比较,同时比较不良反应和依从性.另选择25例有单一静脉营养史患者25例,分为足量组13例和低氮组12例,分别按照1.0～1.5和0.6 g·kg-1·d-1逐渐在3 d内递增到1.0～1.5 g·kg-1·d-1给予氨基酸,其余营养支持相同, 进行营养学指标的比较.结果:与治疗前比较,行肠外营养支持后患者的白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、锌离子浓度等均显著增加(P<0.05).与单一静脉营养相比较,行肠外营养患者的白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、锌离子浓度等也均显著增加(P<0.05),同时不良反应和依从性较好.足量组与低氮组比较,白蛋白值显著增加,而淋巴细胞计数、锌离子浓度无显著性差异.结论:肠外营养支持可以显著改善营养不良.     

左半结肠癌急性梗阻一期切除吻合的安全保证——彻底快速而无污染的肠减压术(英文)

目的研究一种彻底快速而毫不污染手术野的术中肠减压方法,以便提高手术的安全性。方法游离系膜后,钳夹下将拟切除肠段的下端先切断,将其近侧断端置入并固定于粘附在手术床边的塑料袋中;松开肠钳,肠内容物自由流入袋内;双手交替推挤膨胀的肠段,由近而远,由小肠向大肠,直至大、小肠的内容物彻底排空。钳夹下切断上端,移除切下的肠段和充满粪便的塑料袋。结果使用本法行肠减压术,一期切除急性梗阻的左结肠癌31例,均未发生吻合口漏,创口一期愈合。另有6例肝段切除同时切除未作肠道准备的结肠癌亦取得同样结果。同法亦用于各种急性小肠梗阻,均未造成腹腔污染。结论本法可推荐为术中肠减压的首选方法。     

急性胰腺炎早期肠内营养研究进展

急性胰腺炎是临床常见的急危重症,病死率高,恰当的营养支持在机体高代谢及负氮平衡状态下可降低感染率及病死率,是我们一直关注的热点。过去,我们主张通过禁食让胰腺获得休息,从而改善疾病预后。但是,目前越来越多的试验研究表明,相比禁食早期肠内营养让胰腺炎病人获益显著。接下来我将从肠道屏障功能障碍、肠内营养途径、启动时间、营养制剂及营养量的选择等方面就急性胰腺炎早期肠内营养的最新进展作一综述。     

Nutritional therapy for the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are lifelong conditions with particular effects upon nutrition, especially in children and adolescents. Various therapies are available for these conditions but there remains no cure. Over the last decades, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been demonstrated to have efficacy in the induction of remission, along with numerous other nutritional and inflammatory benefits. This article reviews the benefits and outcomes associated with EEN in Crohn’s disease. The potential mechanisms of this therapy are highlighted, along with factors that are barriers to the wider use of EEN.     

Early percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy nutrition in head and neck cancer patients

Objective Many head and neck cancer patients suffer from poor nutrition. Nutrition is a problem during and after therapy, especially when it consists of extensive surgery, intensive (chemo)radiotherapy or their combination. Additional enteral nutrition has been provided by means of either nasogastric tube feeding, surgical gastrostomy, radiologic percutaneous gastrostomy or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Because of the straightforward, easy technique involved and its low complication rate, PEG has become established as the primary route of nutrition in these patients. Previously, the aim of assisted enteral nutrition was to compensate for already existing malnutrition; nowadays, an additional purpose is to diminish or prevent the development of malnutrition. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of pre-treatment PEG in a sample of patients with an upper aerodigestive tract area malignancy treated in a tertiary referral centre.

Material and methods A total of 79 patients with an upper aerodigestive tract area malignancy were treated with a total of 80 PEGs during the period 1997–2001.

Results Most of the PEGs (62/80; 77.5%) were performed by an otolaryngologist. An open gastrostomy was needed in five cases because of unsuccessful gastroscopy due to oesophageal stricture (n=4) or severe trismus (n=1). Both acute and late complications were minor and the respective complication rates (1/80; 1.3% and 12/80; 15%) were low. In addition, all complications were easily managed and did not seriously affect the actual treatment.

Conclusions A major advantage of having the PEG performed by the otorhinolaryngologist was the possibility to combine it easily with other necessary procedures, such as panendoscopy, tracheostomy and additional biopsy. In addition, the timing of the procedure was easy to schedule.