Pharmacokinetics of methyldopa in healthy man

Summary The pharmacokinetics of 2-¹⁴C-L--methyldopa have been investigated in five healthy volunteers following intravenous and oral administration. In the intravenous study a bi-phasic plasma concentration curve was found both for chemically determined -methyldopa and for radioactivity. The plasma level of radioactivity differed significantly from chemically determined drug, a pattern which was also found in urine. This suggests the presence of unidentified metabolite(s). The difference between plasma disappearance and urine recovery of -methyldopa and radioactivity during the first 4 h after injection suggests distribution to an extravascular compartment. Plasma half-lives of total radioactivity and of unchanged drug were calculated. In three subjects, pharmacokinetic parameters for a two-compartment open body model were calculated from urine and plasma data. Urinary recovery of radioactivity was almost complete within 48 h after intravenous administration. After oral administration, however, only about 40 per cent of the radioactive dose was recovered in the urine, and it contained approximately equal amounts of unconjugated methyldopa, acid-labile conjugated methyldopa and unidentified metabolite(s). The acid-labile conjugate was found only after oral administration, which supports the theory of a mucosal conjugation process. The lack of acid-labile conjugated drug either in the plasma or urine after intravenous injection indicates that there is no enterohepatic circulation of this drug.     

中药质量监控之我见

本文在对现有的指标成分检测及指纹图谱质量控制模式进行分析的基础上，结合本实验室的研究工作，提出有效成分检控应是中药质量控制的发展方向，并阐述了实施有效成分检控这一质量控制模式的方法与可能性。     

人体生理学电子教案的制作与应用

与统编教材配套的系列人体生理学电子教案紧贴教学大纲 ,以PowerPoint为媒体 ,制作编辑了数百幅动画和精美的图片 ,形象直观 ,使学生能很好地掌握课本中的重点和难点问题。该教案使用方便 ,且能在网络上运行 ,在实践中取得了良好的教学效果。     

中药预处理对家兔缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察中药复方温心汤对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡以及病理组织学改变的影响.方法采用实验性家兔缺血再灌注及缺血预适应模型,随机分成7组,每组8只.观察各组家兔血清心肌酶学变化,并通过电镜形态学及原位末端标记法检测心肌细胞凋亡情况.结果缺血预适应和温心汤预处理组心肌酶水平与缺血再灌注组、复方丹参和消心痛组相比差异显著(P<0.01);缺血预适应和温心汤预处理组心肌细胞凋亡率与缺血再灌注组、复方丹参和消心痛组相比差异显著(P<0.05).结论缺血预适应和中药复方温心汤预处理可减轻心肌细胞损伤,很大程度上是通过减轻心肌细胞凋亡而起作用的,提示温心汤对实验性家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用可能是通过预处理的途径产生的.     

单片机电子视力计的研制

目前在医院查体和眼科视力检测方面仍然使用简单的视力表,这样,既不准确又需要专门的检查人员,很不方便。本文介绍了一种用单片机制作的视力计,具有方便、快捷、准确的特点。文中简述了该机的设计思路、过程和使用方法。该设备对医院有较大的实用价值。     

次声作用后SD大鼠视网膜内皮素-1表达及超微结构改变

目的:探讨次声作用后SD大鼠视网膜内皮素-1表达及超微结构改变。方法:雄性SD大鼠25只,分为5组,每组5只,除未经次声作用对照组外,余4组放入次声舱,经16 Hz、130 dB每日暴露2 h, 分别于1,7,14和21 d硝酸镧静脉灌注后处死动物, 取视网膜组织用电镜和免疫组化检测超微结构改变和内皮素的表达。结果:对照组和次生作用1d,内皮素表达在视网膜和脉络膜血管内皮,次声作用后,内皮素主要表达在视网膜的色素上皮层和外颗粒层,外丛状层也有较弱的表达;而14d主要表达在外丛状层,内核层和节细胞层阳性表达加强。21d视网膜各层表达均减弱;随着次声作用时间的延长,视网膜组织表现由外向内的损害。电镜下,随次声暴露时间的延长,除7d外镧的渗入也逐渐加重,视网膜各层出现细胞水肿,细胞器肿胀,染色质浓缩边集,细胞变性坏死和细胞膜断裂和髓样等改变。结论:内皮素的表达与视网膜次声损伤部位相关,可能是对损伤的一种修复反应。     

妊娠晚期胎心监护的非应激性试验临床研究

目的探讨妊娠晚期胎心监护对临床的应用价值。方法选择280例胎心监护非应激性试验（NST）异常孕妇为观察组，抽取同期270例胎心监护（NST）正常孕妇作为对照组，分析两组孕妇妊娠合并症的发生率，胎心率监测结果及围产儿死亡率。结果观察组孕妇妊娠合并症明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。观察组新生儿窒息和低体重儿的发生与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05），羊水污染和围产儿死亡率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论NST是妊娠晚期产前胎儿电子监护的有效方法可提前筛选预测胎儿宫内窘迫，为临床做出前瞻性诊断，改善围产儿预后。     

浅谈医院客户服务电子平台的建设

目的通过信息化管理手段,提高医院客户服务中心管理水平。方法采用计算机、网站、电话、短信、视频等多种技术,建立一体化的客户服务电子平台。结果实现市场调研、分析、宣传和客户服务系统化管理。结论解决了客户管理分散和人工操作的现状,提高了工作效率,增进了人性化服务,加强了客户档案管理。     

依托咪酯、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉在消化内镜诊疗中的应用

目的研究依托咪酯、芬太尼静脉复合麻醉用于电子肠镜检查的可行性。方法选择无电子肠镜检查禁忌症的需接受肠镜检查的患者116例,其中自愿接受麻醉的58例为组,静脉推注芬太尼,用量2ug/kg,依托咪酯用量0.15mg～0.3mg/kg/次;另58例为组,接受常规肠镜检查。两组病人术中常规监测血氧饱和度、血压及心电图,并记录患者入室至检查结束不同时点的SpO2及HR值,观察苏醒时间和不良反应并进行比较。结果组58例患者顺利完成肠镜检查,患者术中几无不适感,不良反应的发生率较对照组明显降低(P<0.01),组患者反应明显,有两例未完成手术。结论依托咪酯、苏太尼静脉复合麻醉用于电子肠镜检查是一种安全有效方法。     

Constructing Large Scale Cohort for Clinical Study on Heart Failure with Electronic Health Record in Regional Healthcare Platform: Challenges and Strategies in Data Reuse

Regional healthcare platforms collect clinical data from hospitals in specific areas for the purpose of healthcare management. It is a common requirement to reuse the data for clinical research. However, we have to face challenges like the inconsistence of terminology in electronic health records (EHR) and the complexities in data quality and data formats in regional healthcare platform. In this paper, we propose methodology and process on constructing large scale cohorts which forms the basis of causality and comparative effectiveness relationship in epidemiology. We firstly constructed a Chinese terminology knowledge graph to deal with the diversity of vocabularies on regional platform. Secondly, we built special disease case repositories (i.e., heart failure repository) that utilize the graph to search the related patients and to normalize the data. Based on the requirements of the clinical research which aimed to explore the effectiveness of taking statin on 180-days readmission in patients with heart failure, we built a large-scale retrospective cohort with 29647 cases of heart failure patients from the heart failure repository. After the propensity score matching, the study group (n=6346) and the control group (n=6346) with parallel clinical characteristics were acquired. Logistic regression analysis showed that taking statins had a negative correlation with 180-days readmission in heart failure patients. This paper presents the workflow and application example of big data mining based on regional EHR data.