广东铁皮石斛GAP基地的石斛鲜品茎和叶中多糖的含量比较研究

目的 通过对不同产地铁皮石斛引种到广东饶平铁皮石斛GAP种植基地的铁皮石斛药材鲜品茎和叶中的多糖含量比较研究,探讨环境因素对石斛多糖的影响.方法 以多糖含量为指标,应用苯酚-浓硫酸比色法测定不同产地的铁皮石斛鲜品茎和叶中的多糖含量.结果 不同原产地的铁皮石斛茎和叶中的多糖含量均有一定差异,其中鲜品的茎以云南-5(T8)样品的多糖含量最高,达到了5.59％,广东河源的样品的多糖含量最低,仅为1.22％;鲜品的叶以云南-4(T7)样品的多糖含量最高,达到了1.90％,福建武夷山的样品的多糖含量最低,为0.95％;多数品种的鲜品茎中的多糖含量高于叶中的多糖含量.结论 原产地的生长环境对铁皮石斛多糖的积累可能有一定影响.     

珍稀铁皮石斛SSR标记的开发及种质纯度鉴定

本研究利用磁珠富集法开发了60对铁皮石斛的SSR引物,从中筛选出15对多态性位点丰富、带型清晰、重复性好的引物。利用筛选出的SSR引物对铁皮石斛野生居群材料进行了遗传分析,共鉴定出等位变异92个,平均每个SSR位点等位变异数为6.1个;表观杂合度(HO)范围是0.60～0.85,平均值为0.72;期望杂合度(HE)范围是0.49～0.85,平均值为0.74。平均每个SSR位点多态信息含量(PIC)为0.702,变化范围为0.437～0.829。利用15对SSR引物对20种石斛试验材料进行跨种扩增,检测出有13对SSR引物具有种间通用性。此外,还利用所筛选的4对SSR引物检测了集约化种植过程中的铁皮石斛组培苗的种质纯度,结果显示:所开发的SSR标记可用于铁皮石斛组培苗的品种纯度鉴别。     

铁皮石斛胚状体对大鼠抗疲劳能力的影响

目的 研究铁皮石斛胚状体对大鼠抗疲劳能力的影响。 方法 大鼠随机分为低、中、高剂量组(铁皮石斛胚状体0.2、0.4、0.8 g/kg) ,空白对照组、跑步对照组及铁皮枫斗组(铁皮枫斗1.2 g/kg),进行大鼠跑台实验。观察大鼠运动前、运动后0 min及运动后30 min血糖含量、全血乳酸含量变化并检测运动后肝糖元、肌糖元及血尿素氮的含量。 结果 与跑步对照组相比,铁皮石斛胚状体各剂量组可以在跑步30 min后提高血糖含量并降低全血乳酸含量,中、高剂量组可以降低运动后肝糖元及肌糖元的消耗,各剂量组均能明显降低血尿素氮的含量。 结论 铁皮石斛胚状体具有提高大鼠抗疲劳能力的作用。     

铁皮石斛组培快繁技术研究

目的 通过研究铁皮石斛种子萌发、小苗增殖和生根的适宜培养基,建立一套铁皮石斛组织培养的快速繁殖体系.方法 以铁皮石斛种子为外植体,研究激素（6-benzylaminopurine和1-naphthleetic acid）不同质量浓度配比、天然添加物（马铃薯汁和香蕉汁）对铁皮石斛种子萌发、小苗增殖和壮苗生根的影响.结果 铁皮石斛种子萌发最适培养基为1/2MS ＋0.2 mg/L NAA＋ 100 g/L马铃薯汁＋25 g/L蔗糖汁,小苗增殖最适培养基为1/2MS ＋0.2 mg/L NAA＋ 100 g/L马铃薯汁（或香蕉汁）＋25g/L蔗糖汁＋0.5g/L活性炭,壮苗与生根最适培养基为1/2MS＋ 0.2 mg/L NAA＋ 100 g/L香蕉汁＋25 g/L蔗糖汁＋0.5g/L活性炭.结论 建立了一套铁皮石斛组培快繁体系,可用于大规模生产铁皮石斛组培苗.     

Antioxidant properties of Taraxacum officinale fruit extract are involved in the protective effect against cellular death induced by sodium nitroprusside in brain of rats

Context: Taraxacum officinale Weber (Asteraceae), known as dandelion, is used for medicinal purposes due to its choleretic, diuretic, antitumor, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties.

Objective: We sought to investigate the protective activity of T. officinale fruit extract against sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced decreased cellular viability and increased lipid peroxidation in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats in vitro. To explain the mechanism of the extract’s antioxidant activity, its putative scavenger activities against NO^˙, DPPH^˙, OH^˙, and H₂O₂ were determined.

Methods: Slices of cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were treated with 50 μM SNP and T. officinale fruit ethanolic extract (1–20 µg/mL) to determine cellular viability by MTT reduction assay. Lipid peroxidation was measure in cortical, hippocampal and striatal slices incubates with SNP (5 µM) and T. officinale fruit extract (1–20 µg/mL). We also determined the scavenger activities of T. officinale fruit extract against NO^˙, DPPH^˙, OH^˙, and H₂O₂, as well as its iron chelating capacity.

Results: The extract (1, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) protected against SNP-induced decreases in cellular viability and increases in lipid peroxidation in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. The extract had scavenger activity against DPPH^˙ and NO^˙ at low concentrations and was able to protect against H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-induced deoxyribose oxidation.

Conclusion: T. officinale fruit extract has antioxidant activity and protects brain slices against SNP-induced cellular death. Possible mechanisms of action include its scavenger activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract.     

Effect of Zingiber officinale. on Some Hematologic Values in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effect of an extract of Zingiber officinale. Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) (ginger) on some hematologic values in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: control, diabetic, and Z. officinale.–treated diabetic. At the end of the experimental period (3 weeks), animals in all three groups were fasted for 12 h and blood samples were taken for the determination of glucose levels, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and platelet count. It was found that Z. officinale. treatment increased the lowered levels of RBC and WBC counts and PCV in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). However, the RBC count and PCV of the Z. officinale.–treated diabetic group were still lower than control. Z. officinale. treatment also decreased the elevated level of platelets and glucose concentration of diabetic rats (p < 0.05). It is therefore concluded that oral Z. officinale. treatment might decrease the diabetic-induced disturbances of some hematologic parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

Two new dendrocandins with neurite outgrowth-promoting activity from Dendrobium officinale

Two new bibenzyl derivatives, dendrocandin T (1) and dendrocandin U (2), together with eight known bibenzyls, were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium officinale. Those compounds were sent for the first time for central nervous system-related bioassay and the results indicated that compounds 3, 4, and 5 have a certain degree of neurite outgrowth-promoting activity, and compounds 1, 2, 6, and 7 also have weak activity. The results indicated that D. officinale used as health food and traditional Chinese medicine “Tiepi Shihu” has a health function of neurotrophic effects.     

铁皮石斛咖啡酰辅酶A氧甲基转移酶基因的分离与表达分析

目的 分离珍稀濒危药用植物铁皮石斛咖啡酰辅酶A氧甲基转移酶（caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase,CCoAOMT）基因（DoOMT）并进行生物信息学和表达模式分析。方法 采用RT-PCR和RACE技术获取基因cDNA全长;利用生物信息学软件预测蛋白的理化性质、结构域和三维建模等分子特性;用DNASTAR 6.0和MEGA 4.0分别进行氨基酸多序列比对和进化关系分析;借助实时定量PCR检测基因表达模式。结果 分离到DoOMT（GenBank注册号KF876839）,cDNA全长1 005 bp,编码一条由239个氨基酸组成的多肽,相对分子质量为2.708×10⁴,等电点5.03;DoOMT蛋白不含跨膜域和信号肽,具有氧甲基转移酶family 3、甲基转移酶的保守结构域（13～238、31～238）和8个保守基序;DoOMT与植物CCoAOMTs蛋白一致性为49.4%～78.7%,所在分支隶属于CCoAOMTs分子进化的1b类群,与单子叶植物香草亲缘关系最近;DoOMT基因转录本在石斛根、茎、叶器官中为组成型表达,茎中相对表达量较高,为叶中的4.562倍,根和叶中无显著差异。结论 铁皮石斛CCoAOMT基因DoOMT的分子特征为进一步研究其在铁皮石斛次生代谢和生长发育过程中的作用奠定基础。     

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ginger Oil

Objective Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice in cooking and as a medicinal herb in traditional herbal medicine. The present study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ginger oil in experimental animal models. Methods The analgesic effect of the oils was evaluated by the “acetic acid” and “hot-plate” test models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the oil was investigated in rats, using rat paw edema induced by carrageenan, adjuvant arthritis, and vascular permeability induced by bradykinin, arachidonic acid, and histamine. Indomethacin (1 mg/kg), Aspirin (0.5 g/kg) and Dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) were used respectively as reference drugs for comparison. Results The ginger oil (0.25－1.0 g/kg) produced significant analgesic effect against chemically- and thermally-induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice (P < 0.05, 0.01). And the ginger oil (0.25－1.0 g/kg) also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, adjuvant arthritis, and inflammatory mediators-induced vascular permeability in rats (P < 0.05, 0.001). Conclusion These findings confirm that the ginger oil can be used to treat pain and chronic inflammation such as rheumatic arthritis.     

稀土元素镧、铈对铁皮石斛组培苗生长影响的研究

目的 探讨添加稀土元素镧、铈对铁皮石斛组培苗以及移栽后铁皮石斛苗的生长的影响,寻找能显著促进铁皮石斛生长发育的稀土元素,以获得品质优良的铁皮石斛苗.方法 以铁皮石斛小苗为外植体,通过添加不同浓度硝酸镧、硝酸铈的培养基上进行培养,并对其性状特征、生理活性、移栽后生长状况等进行统计比较研究.结果 通过90 d的培养后,添加稀土元素组别的铁皮石斛的鲜质量、根数、株高、叶绿素含量均高于空白组,分蘖数低于空白组,而且随着硝酸镧和硝酸铈浓度的增高,铁皮石斛组培苗的鲜质量、株高、根数、叶绿素含量基本呈递增的趋势,分蘖数呈递减的趋势,硝酸铈浓度为40 mg/L时,其鲜质量、根数、株高最大,分蘖数最少;铁皮石斛移栽培养30 d后,稀土元素组比空白组中的存活率和抽芽率高,硝酸铈为40 mg/L时其生长情况最佳;一定浓度的稀土元素La 、Ce能增强铁皮石斛组培苗的T-SOD酶、CAT酶活性和根系活力,添加10.0～40.0 mg/L La3+,SOD酶活性和CAT酶活性均呈现先增后降的趋势;添加10.0～40.0 mg/L Ce3+,SOD酶活性逐渐增强,但CAT酶活性在Ce3+10～ 30.0 mg/L时逐渐增强,40.0 mg/L时又稍下降;添加10.0～40.0 mg/L La3+,根系活力呈先增后降的趋势,10～ 30.0mg/L时根系活力逐渐上升,40.0 mg/L时略有下降;添加10.0～40.0 mg/L Ce3+,根系活力逐渐上升,40.0mg/L时最高.结论 稀土元素镧、铈对铁皮石斛组培苗的生长及T-SOD酶、CAT酶活性和根系活力均有较显著的影响,本文结果为铁皮石斛组培苗的壮苗以及品质的提高提供了依据.