应用计算机网络系统提高门急诊管理水平

作者介绍的门急诊计算机管理网络系统，应用软件使用ＦＯＸＰＲＯ２．５ＦＯＲＤＯＳ语言，在两台网络服务器之间应用镜像技术，门诊号的录入使用光笔和条形码技术，实行划价、收费一体化，采用星型拓扑网络结构，保证了网络的先进性、安全性、稳定性和可扩充性。网络系统实现挂号、划价收费、调剂、药品使用管理、工作量统计及经济核算的全程闭环管理格局，有效地堵塞了管理和经济上的漏洞，提高了工作效率和管理水平。该系统已正常运行了１２个月，并通过省级科技成果鉴定。     

Heterogeneity of Red Blood Cell Velocity in Skeletal Muscle Decreases with Increased Flow

Objective: Effective material exchange between blood and tissue depends on the heterogeneity of microvascular flow. The objective was to address inconsistencies between intravital studies regarding this dependency. We tested the hypothesis that heterogeneity of red blood cell velocity (V_RBC) in capillary beds varies with the strength of metabolic stimulus and with capillary bed geometry. Methods: We used videomicroscopy to measure V_RBC in a bed of 10–24 capillaries at the surface of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in anesthetized rats. The coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation/mean; an index of spatial heterogeneity) was computed in the same bed before and after (i) 1, 2, 4, or 8 Hz supramaximal muscle contraction or (ii) adenosine superfusion (10^?7–10^?3 M). Beds with or without arteriolar—venular capillary shunts were used. Results: Although control V_RBC differed between beds (shunt: 232 μm/s; no shunt: 130 μm/s), the percentage increases in postcontraction V_RBC did not (range: 111–326%). In both beds, control CV varied greatly (overall range: 28–117%) and 2–8 Hz muscle contractions reduced CV significantly by 25%. Similar results were obtained for adenosine. In confirmatory experiments using the rat cremaster muscle, contractions (4 Hz) and adenosine (10^?4 M) also reduced CV. Based on all data, CV = 63–0.022 V_RBC (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The heterogeneity of V_RBC decreased with metabolic stress, regardless of capillary bed geometry. We propose that both the large variability in control CV and the relatively shallow dependence of CV on velocity could be responsible for the present inconsistencies between intravital studies.     

A neural network confirms that physical exercise reverses EEG changes in depressed rats

The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) system to differentiate the EEG power density spectra in depressed from normal rats was tried. The beneficial effects of chronic physical exercise in reducing the effects of stress and therefore depression was also to be tested in animals by the same method. In this study, rats were divided into 4 groups, subjected to (i) chronic stress (D group); (ii) chronic exercise by treadmill running (EO group); (iii) exercise with stress (ES group) and (iv) handling (C group). The prefrontal cortical EEG, EMG and EOG were recorded simultaneously on paper and the digitized EEG signals were also stored in the hard-disk of a PC-AT through an ADC. After filtering the digitize signals, the EEG power spectra were calculated by an FFT routine. Three successive 4 s artefact-free epochs were averaged. The REM and NREM sleep periods as well as the awake period signals were analyzed separately. The FFT values from each of the 3 states, in the 4 groups of animals were tested by an ANN with 30 first layer neurons and a 2nd layer of a majority-vote-taker. The ANN could distinguish the depressed from the normal rats' EEG very well in REM (99%) sleep, NREM (95%) sleep and awake (81%) states. In most of the cases it identified the exercised rats' EEG as normal.     

兔耳纯静脉皮瓣血流量和血管网面密度观测

目的:观测纯静脉皮瓣术后血流量和血管网面密度变化。方法:利用家兔耳背设计纯静脉皮瓣和动脉皮瓣模型①观测术后血流量;②墨汁灌注后软蜡厚蜡切片,图像分析血管网面密度。结果:①纯静脉皮瓣术后48h血流量最低,第14d恢复至术前65%。②纯静脉皮瓣术后第1～7d的血管网面密度高于动脉皮瓣(P<0.05)。结论:纯静脉皮瓣术后血流量及血管网密度变化与动脉皮瓣不同。     

Auditory evoked potentials to tones and syllables in adults: evidence of specific influence on N250 wave

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the differentiation and the survival of neurons. It has also been shown to be associated with the regrowth of neurons of damaged spinal cord and the modulation of ionic currents by acting on sodium channels and NMDA receptors through tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptors. We investigated the effects of BDNF on rhythm generation induced by disinhibition in dissociated cultures from embryonic rat spinal cord (E14), with extracellular multisite recordings (MultiElectrode Arrays, MEAs) or intracellular patch-clamp recordings. Exogenous BDNF had only minor effects on the bursting by increasing the activity during the burst. This increase of activity is suggested to be mediated by a potentiation of the postsynaptic NMDA receptors because it has been found that BDNF potentiates the NMDA-evoked depolarization in cultures incubated with BDNF for 10 min. Possible direct effects of BDNF on sodium channels were also investigated by local application of BDNF to the soma of patched neurons but no depolarization was observed. Long-term application of BDNF strongly decreased the activity during the burst and also the number of active electrodes, possibly due to a decrease in network density.     

Immunologic immaturity, but high IL-4 productivity, of murine neonatal thymic CD4 single-positive T cells in the last stage of maturation

To determine the levels of maturation and differentiation ofmurine CD4 single-positive (SP) T cells, we compared the secondaryresponses of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-induced neonatalthymic, adult thymic and adult splenic CD4 SP T cell blastsprepared from whole or heat-stable antigen^low CD4 SP T cells.Proliferative responses upon re-stimulation with SEA were strongin adult splenic CD4 SP T cell blasts, but quite weak in neonatalthymic and adult thymic CD4 SP T cell blasts. SEA-induced IL-2production was weaker in neonatal thymic blasts than in theadult splenic CD4 SP T cell blasts. In contrast, SEA-inducedIL-4 production was high in neonatal thymic CD4 SP T cell blasts,and low in adult splenic and thymic CD4 SP T cell blasts. Expressionof GATA-3, that directs production of IL-4 in T cells, examinedat protein and mRNA levels, was higher in neonatal thymic cellsthan in adult thymic and splenic cells. These results suggestthat neonatal and adult thymic CD4 SP T cells in the final stageof maturation are relatively immature compared with adult splenicCD4 SP T cells. The cytokine production profile of neonatalthymic CD4 SP T cells suggests that they are inclined towardsa T_h2 response.     

An assessment of PKI and networked electronic patient record system: lessons learned from real patient data exchange at the platform of OCHIS (Osaka Community Healthcare Information System)

To enhance medical cooperation between the hospitals and clinics around Osaka local area, the healthcare network system, named Osaka Community Healthcare Information System (OCHIS), was established with support of a supplementary budget from the Japanese government in fiscal year 2002. Although the system has been based on healthcare public key infrastructure (PKI), there remain security issues to be solved technically and operationally. An experimental study was conducted to elucidate the central and the local function in terms of a registration authority and a time stamp authority in contract with the Japanese Medical Information Systems Organization (MEDIS) in 2003. This paper describes the experimental design and the results of the study concerning message security.     

Chronic ethanol exposure differentially regulates NOS1 mRNA levels depending on rat brain area

In vitro experiments were performed on brainstem – spinal cord preparations from mouse neonates to compare the noradrenergic regulations of the respiratory network in the control C3H/HeJ strain and the transgenic Tg8 strain which has been created from the C3H/HeJ strain by deletion of the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), the main enzyme for serotonin degradation. In both control and MAOA-deficient strains, we show: (i) that the pontine A5 area exerts a potent inhibitory modulation on the respiratory rhythm generator; (ii) that noradrenaline application induces a tonic phrenic activity; and (iii) that noradrenaline increases the respiratory rhythm. The latter effect is however delayed and weak in the Tg8 strain. Therefore, MAOA-deficiency has only slightly altered the noradrenergic regulations of the respiratory network.     

Effect of inhaled corticosteroid on an immunoreactive thymus and activation-regulated chemokine expression in the bronchial biopsies from asthmatics

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, notably because of eosinophils and T cells. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is known to selectively attract Th2 cells, and is increased in response to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which share a common receptor, IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha). While corticosteroids have proven, very effective in modifying airway inflammation, the effect of corticosteroids on TARC in asthmatics has been little studied. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of inhaled budesonide (BUD) on the expression of TARC and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchial biopsy specimens taken from asthma patients. METHODS: Inhaled BUD 800 mug daily, or placebo was administered for 3 months in a double-blind, parallel-group study, and bronchial biopsies were performed before and after treatment. Biopsy specimens were examined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in the epithelial expression of TARC (P < 0.01) in the BUD group compared with the placebo group. This was accompanied by decreases in the number of eosinophils (P < 0.01), CD3(+) T cells (P < 0.05), and CD4(+) T cells (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was found between changes in epithelial TARC and in IL-4Ralpha immunoreactivity (r(s) = 0.66, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that corticosteroid asthma treatment can reduce infiltration of the airway by inflammatory cells, an effect modulated by down-regulation of bronchial epithelial TARC expression.