构建药学实验教学新体系的实践与思考

国家级实验教学示范中心的建设为构建药学实验教学新体系、深化教学改革、提高教学质量提供了契机。本文分析了高等中医药院校实验教学的现状和存在的问题,针对学生创新精神和实践能力的培养,提出了构建药学实验教学新体系的实践与思考。     

The indications and principles of correction of post-traumatic deformities

Summary Post-traumatic malposition of the spine usually results in inadequate conservative treatment or in-correct surgical therapy. The main indication for secondary reconstructive measures in pain. Besides the predominant vertebragenic causes, neuropathic forms may be combined in spinal cord damage. Secondary neurological damage or progressive neurological deficits are combined with persistent spinal compression or increasing (mostly kyphotic) malpositions. The objective of the surgical treatment is to correct the malposition with reprofiling the spine and restoration of the stability of the axis organ. Attention must be paid to primary or secondary spinal lesions, since additional neurological lesions can be provoked when the strategy is wrong, and concomitant or prior neurosurgical interventions may become necessary. Almost exclusively, the objective of our reconstructive measures with reprofiling of the injured spine avoiding damage to healthy movement segments can be achieved only by a combined ventral and dorsal operation. The crucial shortcomings result from the first treatment. Acceptable treatment results can only be expected in both first and secondary treatment of spinal cord injuries when the following factors are taken into consideration: (1) pretherapeutic definition of the injury pattern; (2) the functional anatomy of the spine (load sharing and tension band principle); (3) mastery of all approaches (dorsal, dorsolateral, ventral) and the instrumentation.     

临床医师定期考核的实践与思考

卫生部<医师定期考核管理办法>已经颁布,在实际工作中如何贯彻执行尚处于探索阶段.本文对安徽医科大学第一附属医院299名临床医师的首次业务水平考核进行了总结和分析,针对存在的问题提出了改进建议,以使医师的定期业务考核方案更加完善,真正达到以考试促学习,从而全面提高医师的实际业务水平的目的.     

论军队医学院校优秀校园文化建设的思考

校园化是构成育人环境的重要组成部分。在经济全球化对我国高等医学教育的影响面前。军队医学院校只有提高对校园化意义与特性的认知，锻造高品位的先进校园化，塑造军医学院富有特色的校园精神，才能充分发挥教育人、熏陶人为国家培养高素质军事医学人才的作用。     

上海市PPI耗材的医生使用决策因素及理念

目的:界定我国医生意愿影响强的(PPI)耗材的概念,总结目前上海市PPI耗材在医生使用端的决策因素及理念.方法:通过文献综述收集掌握美国PPI耗材的主要医生使用决策因素,结合专家咨询后拟定了结构化访谈提纲,对上海市22家二级及三级公立医院中38名使用过PPI耗材的医生进行关键知情人访谈.结果:总结了12个PPI耗材医生使用决策因素并明确了因素的重要程度;PPI耗材使用决策理念可分为以医生价值导向为中心、以病人价值导向为中心和以医疗管理方价值导向为中心的三种决策理念,其中优先决策理念为以医生价值导向为中心.结论:建议研究建立PPI耗材医生使用决策指标体系;PPI耗材采购准入评估加入医生使用决策因素考量;引导医生合理提升以病人或管理者为中心的决策理念.     

Responses to procedural information about colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood testing: the role of consideration of future consequences

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation is low despite its effectiveness in reducing CRC mortality. Identifying benefits and barriers requires consideration of specific characteristics of screening modalities. Aims and Research Questions To monitor the impact of providing information about CRC screening via faecal occult blood testing (FOBt) on intentions to participate. To investigate moderation by individual differences in consideration of future consequences (CFC). Design, setting and participants A total of 211 healthy adults (aged 45–59) with no experience of CRC screening were presented with eight consecutive statements about FOBt‐based screening in a web survey. Participants completed measures of i) intention (after each statement), ii) CFC and iii) the importance of screening practicalities (e.g. unpleasantness of completing the test) and benefits (e.g. early detection of cancer). Results An 8 (information) × 2 (CFC) mixed ancova showed that intentions varied across the eight statements. (P < 0.001): increasing after information about FOBt being completed at home (P < 0.001) before subsequently decreasing after information about the requirement to collect faecal samples (P < 0.001) in a plastic tub (P < 0.01) on three occasions (P < 0.01) with the low CFC group generally being less inclined to complete the test (P < 0.01). Two between‐group anovas demonstrated that the low CFC group attributed greater importance to practicalities of screening than the high CFC group while the opposite was found for the importance of benefits (both P’s < 0.001). Conclusion Deconstructing FOBt‐based screening pointed to specific benefits and barriers which can advance research into public preferences of screening and educational materials.     

The safety of temozolomide in the treatment of malignancies

Background: Temozolomide (TMZ) has demonstrated clinical antitumor activity. In the US and the EU, TMZ is licensed for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme concurrently with radiation followed by a maintenance treatment, and for refractory anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. TMZ is also approved for metastatic melanoma in > 20 countries worldwide. Objectives: To ascertain the safety profile of TMZ. Methods: Synthesis of evidence from published clinical trials and the investigator's brochure of the manufacture. Conclusion: For a cytotoxic cancer-treatment agent, TMZ has an acceptable safety profile. Lymphopenia is common in patients treated with all doses and schedules of TMZ. All patients receiving TMZ should be observed for lymphopenia and potential opportunistic infections, particularly when it is combined with other immune suppressive therapies.     

创新药药学研究的基本考虑和问题

创新药研发有其自身规律和研发思路,研究工作应按照其规律有序开展,审评应遵循其自身规律采取不同策略。目前由于经验有限,国内创新药研究和技术评价还存在一定问题。本文对近年来的工作进行了总结,参照FDA、EMEA发布的IND申请药学研究技术要求,介绍创新药药学研究的基本考虑和重要问题。     

医疗机构开展疫苗早期临床试验的法规要求及关注点探究

目的:汇总分析疫苗早期临床试验的法规要求及临床试验过程中的关注点,为开展疫苗早期临床试验的医疗机构、相关管理和研究人员提供参考.方法:收集我国现行法规、规范性文件和技术指南,梳理法规中对疫苗早期临床试验的合规要求.结果 与结论:结合医疗机构实际特点,对疫苗早期临床试验中的场地及设施设备、质量管理体系、人员配备、疫苗管理...