产褥期并发深静脉栓塞的预防和护理

探讨引发产褥期深静脉栓塞的危险因素,加强早期观察,实施有效的预防措施,以及产褥期深静脉栓塞病人的护理对策。     

颈椎后路螺钉-钛棒(板)内固定技术:初步临床报告

目的 报告利用螺钉-钛棒（板）固定技术治疗各种原因引起的颈椎不稳的初步临床结果。方法 作者1年来行颈椎后路螺钉-钛棒（板）技术内固定9例，其中齿突样骨引起的C1～C2不稳2例，手术后进行性颈椎后凸2例，颈椎管狭窄2例，C3-C4滑脱1例，C6～C7外伤滑脱2例。分别采用C1侧块、C2椎弓根螺钉、C3～C5侧块螺钉、C2-T2椎弓根螺钉植入技术，然后连接钛棒或钛板完成固定。9例病人共植入螺钉59枚。结果 所有病人在1周内带外支架进行活动，除1例因拒绝治疗死亡外，其余病人在1个月及1年后复查均未见内固定物移位。结论 颈椎后路螺钉-钛棒（板）固定为安全可靠的技术，可以术后即刻获得牢固内固定，为下一步治疗创造有利条件。     

等离子电切治疗前列腺增生症

目的探讨经尿道等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生症(PKRP)的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析经尿道等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生112例,比较术前术后尿流率,前列腺症状评分,残余尿量;记录手术失血量,体重变化,切除前列腺组织重量。结果所有手术顺利完成,切除前列腺重量65±15.5g,手术时间40±7.5min,平均出血量150ml,最大尿流率(Qmax)术前7.4±2.6ml/s术后3个月为18.6±4.6ml/s;国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)术前生活质量评分22.6分,术后3个月为6.5;残余尿量(RUV)术前>60m1,术后<20ml。结论等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生症具有安全,有效,经济,技术易于掌握等优点,适合基层医院开展。     

Viscoelastic properties of acid- and alkaline-treated human dermis: a correlation between total surface charge and elastic modulus

BACKGROUND: One of the major mechanical functions of collagenous tissues is the storage, transmission and dissipation of elastic energy during mechanical deformation. In skin, mechanical energy is stored during loading and then is transmitted and dissipated, which protects skin from mechanical failure. Thus energy storage (elastic properties) and dissipation (viscous properties) are important characteristics of extracellular matrices. METHODS: A uniaxial incremental stress relaxation test method has been used to characterize the time-dependent (viscous) and time-independent (elastic) properties of human dermis. Viscoelasticity was investigated in processed human dermis that was equilibrated at pHs of 3.0, 7.4 and 11.0 in an effort to study the link between electrostatic interactions within the collagen matrix and macroscopic tissue properties. RESULTS: Our results show that the solution pH and the charge on collagen significantly affected the high-strain elastic behavior of dermis; the elastic behavior of skin has previously been shown to be directly correlated with axial stretching of the collagen triple helix in crosslinked collagen fibrils. A positive linear correlation existed between the high-strain elastic modulus and both pH (R(2)=0.96) and the total number of charged residues on collagen (R(2)=0.93). These results provide in vitro/ex vivo evidence that charged groups on the surface of collagen molecules in processed human skin influence the high-strain elastic properties of dermis and are likely to be involved in elastic energy storage. CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the pH and charged residue dependency of the elastic modulus suggests that charged pair interactions and repulsions within and between collagen molecules are involved in elastic energy storage during stretching at high strains. It is hypothesized that elastic energy storage is associated with the stretching of pairs of charged amino acid residues that are found primarily in the flexible regions of collagen molecules.     

心理一致感的潜结构研究

目的：探讨Antonovsky开发的13个项日的心理一致感量表在中国大陆的适用性。方法：采用实证研究方式对656名被试的样本数据进行了探索性及验证性因索分析，结果：个体的心理一致感是由可理解性、易处理性及意义性三个成分构成的总体．支持Antonovsky提出的关于心理一致感的要念构思。结论：心理一致感量表对中国大陆样本基本上是适用的，但个别题目有待进一步修正。     

单人手法整复治疗儿童尺桡骨下段双骨折

儿童尺桡骨下段双骨折,临床以桡偏背侧重叠移位多见且整复难度较大,1999-2004年运用单人手法整复治疗32例,取得满意疗效,现报告如下。1临床资料本组32例,男28例,女4例;年龄2~14岁。均于伤后1h~3d内就诊。开放性2例,闭合性30例;左侧22例,右侧10例。尺桡骨骨折线距下端骨骺线1~3c     

加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染的药物经济学评价

目的对加替沙星序贯治疗下呼吸道细菌感染进行药物经济学评价。方法将69例下呼吸道细菌性感染患者，随机分为A组（34例）、B组（35例），其中A组采用加替沙星注射液400mg静脉滴注，每天1次，连用10天；B组先用加替沙星注射液400mg静脉滴注，每天1次，3—4天后改为口服400mg，每天1次，连用6—7天，然后对两种方案进行成本-效果分析。结果两组在临床疗效、不良反应发生率及细菌清除率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；但A组的医疗费用却高于B组（P〈0．01）。结论加替沙星序贯疗法与单纯静脉滴注相比更安全，更经济合理。     

社会主义本质论教学探讨

社会主义本质论本身比较抽象,加上现实与理论存在着较大差距,学生思想认识问题较多,使得社会主义本质论的教学难以得取得实效。针对这一实际,提出了从历史和现实2个方面激发学生的学习兴趣,用"定义法"和"比较法"讲清"什么是社会主义",从理论和实践两个层面解决学生思想认识问题的教学策略,为提高教学实效探索了一条有效途径。     

Scintigraphic evaluation of myocardial uptake of thallium 201 and technetium 99m pyrophosphate utilizing a rat model of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity

To evaluate the usefulness of myocardial scintigraphy as a monitoring tool for chronic doxorubicin (DXR) cardiotoxicity, a rat model was used to investigate the relationship between the myocardial uptake of thallium 201 (Tl) or rechnetium 99m pyrophosphate (^99mTc-PPi) and histological changes of the heart. Although there was no significant difference in myocardial Tl uptake between control and DXR-treated rats at an early phase after Tl injection, late-phase Tl uptake was significantly higher in the DXR-treated rats than in the control rats, indicating a slow wash-out of Tl from the myocardium. The wash-out rate calculated from scintigraphic examination of DXR-treated rats was significantly decreased with increasing degree of cardiomyopathy. Since the Tl wash-out rate was sharply decreased even in animals with minimal histological changes, it may be a possible monitoring tool for the early detection of chronic DXR cardiotoxicity. On the other hand, myocardial^99mTc-PPi images could be obtained only in rats with severe myocardial changes and hence would not useful for early detection.     

趋化因子及其受体在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用

近年来陆续发现了许多新的趋化因子和受体，研究发现趋化因子及其受体参与机体的多种生理和病理过程，并在肿瘤的侵袭转移中通过不同机制发挥着重要作用。本文对其进行简要综述。