新型快速中药材DNA提取方法的探索与应用

目的建立一种无设备快速30 s提取中药材DNA的方法。方法使用常规定性滤纸作为核酸吸附的载体,通过裂解液的裂解,释放核酸并吸附在滤纸上,利用洗脱液进行核酸纯化,即可完成不到30s的整个核酸提取过程,吸附核酸的滤纸可直接放入反应体系进行扩增。结果此方法可以成功提取不同药用部位的中药材核酸,提取得到的核酸经扩增验证,可获得与传统提取方法相一致的检测结果。结论此新型快速中药材DNA提取方法简单易行、速度快、成本低,可使核酸提取变得越来越大众化,不再局限于专业人员和实验室环境,为分子生药学的应用和发展提供了新思路。     

New results on H∞ filtering for nonlinear large‐scale systems with interconnected time‐varying delays

This paper proposes a new design method of H_∞ filtering for nonlinear large‐scale systems with interconnected time‐varying delays. The interaction terms with interval time‐varying delays are bounded by nonlinear bounding functions including all states of the subsystems. A stable linear filter is designed to ensure that the filtering error system is exponentially stable with a prescribed convergence rate. By constructing a set of improved Lyapunov functions and using generalized Jensen inequality, new delay‐dependent conditions for designing H_∞ filter are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同冲洗速度对无肝素血液透析患者的影响

目的探讨不同冲洗速度对无肝素血液透析患者的影响。方法将40例无肝素血液透析患者随机分为观察组与对照组各20例。观察组将0.9%氯化钠注射液200mL以250mL/min的速度冲洗滤器及管路,对照组以100mL/min的速度冲洗滤器及管路。比较两组患者透析前后实验室指标、血流动力学指标和滤器凝血情况及使用时间。结果观察组滤器使用时间显著长于对照组,凝血发生率及凝血程度显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对于无肝素血液透析治疗,250mL/min的冲洗流速可减少治疗中断时间,延长滤器使用时限。     

Batch to batch optimal control based on multiinput multioutput adaptive hinging hyperplanes prediction and Kalman filter correction

A batch to batch optimal control strategy based on multiinput multioutput adaptive hinging hyperplanes (MIMO AHH) prediction and Kalman filter correction is proposed for the products quality control of the batch process. The model of AHH is one kind of piecewise linear models and is extended to the MIMO case in this article. The MIMO AHH is then used to develop the predictive model of the batch process. Due to the model-plant mismatch and unknown disturbances, the optimal control policy calculated based on the MIMO AHH predictive model may not be optimal when applied to the true process. The Kalman filter is then utilized to correct the predictions of the current batch by considering the information of former batches. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through the simulation of a styrene batch polymerization reactor.     

Management of pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common condition with significant mortality and morbidity. Its occurrence frequently triggers referral to critical care services. Patients within critical care environments are also at elevated risk of developing venous thrombo-embolism and PE. This highlights the need for critical care clinicians to be confident in their approach to the patient with PE. Furthermore, the co-morbid conditions in this patient group may present additional challenges both in diagnosis (e.g. safe access to radiology) and management (e.g. relative contraindication to anticoagulation/thrombolysis in trauma or intracranial haemorrhage). This brief review summarizes the contemporary evidence base regarding both diagnosis and treatment strategies and draws upon this to suggest a simple algorithm for investigation, risk stratification and management, particularly tailored to patients within a critical care setting.     

A novel multivariate approach using science-based calibration for direct coating thickness determination in real-time NIR process monitoring

This study demonstrates an approach, using science-based calibration (SBC), for direct coating thickness determination on heart-shaped tablets in real-time. Near-Infrared (NIR) spectra were collected during four full industrial pan coating operations. The tablets were coated with a thin hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film up to a film thickness of 28 μm. The application of SBC permits the calibration of the NIR spectral data without using costly determined reference values. This is due to the fact that SBC combines classical methods to estimate the coating signal and statistical methods for the noise estimation. The approach enabled the use of NIR for the measurement of the film thickness increase from around 8 to 28 μm of four independent batches in real-time. The developed model provided a spectroscopic limit of detection for the coating thickness of 0.64 ± 0.03 μm root-mean square (RMS). In the commonly used statistical methods for calibration, such as Partial Least Squares (PLS), sufficiently varying reference values are needed for calibration. For thin non-functional coatings this is a challenge because the quality of the model depends on the accuracy of the selected calibration standards. The obvious and simple approach of SBC eliminates many of the problems associated with the conventional statistical methods and offers an alternative for multivariate calibration.     

Stem cell collection filter system for human placental/umbilical cord blood processing

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The hydroxyethyl starch method and the Top & Bottom method have been used worldwide for the volume reduction of human placental/umbilical cord blood (PCB) units. To simplify the preparation of nucleated cell (NC) concentrates, we developed a new filter device--the stem cell collection filter system (SCF SYSTEM)--which can collect mononuclear cells (MNC) at a high recovery rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SCF SYSTEM consisted of a filter and two bags. Multilayered polyethylene terephthalate non-wovens, coated with a hydrophilic polymer, were used as filter media. PCB units were filtered by gravity (n = 12). Red blood cells, platelets and plasma were drained into the drain bag, and the NC trapped on the filter media was collected in the recovery bag by reverse washing. Recovered cell fractions were evaluated. RESULTS: The volume of cell concentrate recovered was 27.4 +/- 2.2 ml (mean +/- SD, n = 12). The whole time required for processing was less than 30 min, and handling was very simple. The viability of recovered NC was 97.8 +/- 3.2%. The recovery of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes was 79.5 +/- 16.9%, 79.8 +/- 20.4% and 39.0 +/- 19.5%, respectively. The recovery rate of granulocytes was significantly lower than that of monocytes and lymphocytes (P < or = 0.0001). The recovery rates of CD3+ cells, CD19+ cells and CD56+ cells were almost the same as that of MNC. The recovery rates of CD34+ cells, total colony-forming cells and long-term culture-initiating cells were 81.7 +/- 27.0% (n = 11), 80.8 +/- 27.7% (n = 12) and 75.0 +/- 18.4% (n = 2), respectively. CONCLUSION: The new filter system was shown to be efficient for PCB processing, encompassing a very simple handling procedure with a good recovery of haematopoietic progenitor cells. Hence, the SCF SYSTEM is potentially useful for the volume reduction of PCB units for cord blood banking.     

图像滤波技术在B型超声诊断仪中的应用研究

目的：依据医学超声图像固有特点,对B型超声医学图像滤波技术进行研究,以达到大幅度提高图像质量的目的。方法：通过Matlab等工具实现B型超声诊断仪图像的均值滤波、中值滤波、自适应中值滤波、小波变换以及各向异性扩散方程滤波。结果：对常见的B型超声诊断仪滤波算法进行了比较与研究。结论：所有的滤波方法对图像信号均有一定程度的增强,对噪声亦有抑制。均方误差反映了滤波图像在抑制噪声的同时,对细节的保持情况和超声医学图像两者之间达到一个最佳的平衡。