2006—2020年四川省疾病预防控制中心因公出国(境)任务现状分析及发展建议

目的回顾四川省疾病预防控制中心"十一五""十二五""十三五"期间因公出国(境)任务现状,为强化新时期疾病预防控制国际交流与合作提供依据和建议。方法通过Excel 2013软件录入2006—2020年的因公出国(境)档案资料并建立数据库,从任务类型、业务领域、出访国家(地区)、经费来源等方面进行描述性分析。结果2016—2020年("十三五")四川省疾控中心因公出国(境)共223人次,2011—2015年("十二五")较2006—2010年("十一五")下降14.29%,2016—2020年较2011—2015年下降51.19%,实地考察出访人次2016—2020年较2006—2010年下降80%,任务占比下降约52.18%;业务领域方面,传染性疾病防治领域出访129人次(57.85%),非传染性慢性疾病防治14人次(6.28%)、卫生检验10人次(4.48%)、免疫规划8人次(3.59%);出访高收入国家(地区)人次"十三五"时期较"十一五"时期下降76.47%,占比下降43.76%,对外援助增加7人次。结论2006—2020年四川省疾控中心因公出国(境)出访人次总体呈下降趋势,实地考察任务下降幅度最大;出访任务集中于传染性疾病防治领域,在业务领域分布上存在较为明显的比例失衡现象;出访高收入国家(地区)人次(占比)下降,对外援助大幅增加。     

Bt Toxin Modification for Enhanced Efficacy

Insect-specific toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) provide a valuable resource for pest suppression. Here we review the different strategies that have been employed to enhance toxicity against specific target species including those that have evolved resistance to Bt, or to modify the host range of Bt crystal (Cry) and cytolytic (Cyt) toxins. These strategies include toxin truncation, modification of protease cleavage sites, domain swapping, site-directed mutagenesis, peptide addition, and phage display screens for mutated toxins with enhanced activity. Toxin optimization provides a useful approach to extend the utility of these proteins for suppression of pests that exhibit low susceptibility to native Bt toxins, and to overcome field resistance.     

低龄低体重小儿心脏手术容量管理的护理配合

低龄低体重的先天性心脏病的患者，心脏及各方面发育均不完善。不恰当的少量液体的输入，即可增加心脏的负荷，造成严重的心功能衰竭。严格的容量管理是低龄低体重患者手术安全的重要措施之一。我院2009年3月～2010年5月对体重小于7kg的低龄低体重先天性心脏病患者进行容量管理的护理配合，取得满意效果，现报告如下。     

节能经济型手术室管理初探

节能经济型手术室建设首先考虑的是安全、可靠、实用方便,既洁污分明,又分区合理;既符合医院感染控制管理原则,又遵循全过程和全面控制原则;既要减少交叉感染,又要节约使用空间和运营费用。     

Professional Demeanor of Chronically Unemployed Cocaine-Dependent Methadone Patients in a Therapeutic Workplace

This study assesses the frequency that users of illicit drugs display unprofessional behaviors in an employment setting. This research was conducted in the therapeutic workplace, a model employment-based treatment program for chronically unemployed adults with long histories of illicit drug use in 2003. Fifty-three unemployed adults in methadone treatment, who were opiate and cocaine dependent, showed signs of injection drug use, and recently used cocaine were hired to work for 4 hours every weekday for 7 months. Results show that while the overall incidence of many undesirable behaviors is low, a small percentage of participants had serious workplace behavior problems that might limit their success in community workplaces. This study suggests that unprofessional behavior in the workplace could contribute to chronic unemployment in this population. The study's limitations are noted and future needed research is suggested.     

无线镇痛泵系统用于骨科术后患者镇痛管理的可行性及有效性研究

目的探讨无线镇痛泵系统用于骨科手术患者术后镇痛管理的可行性及有效性。方法将600例骨科术后患者分为两组,使用无线镇痛泵系统镇痛的300例患者为A组,使用传统电子镇痛泵镇痛的300例患者为B组。观察两组患者术后出PACU、术后24 h、48 h、72 h的疼痛强度,按压自控镇痛键的总次数,有效按压次数及镇痛不足次数;记录两组医务人员服务患者的有效处理时间、被叫服务率和主动服务率;测评患者对镇痛治疗的满意度及观察镇痛药物引起的不良反应的发生率。结果两组患者术后各观察时间点的疼痛强度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者按压自控镇痛键的总次数,有效按压次数及镇痛不足次数两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。医务人员服务患者的有效处理时间:A组为(10.0±2.33)min,B组为(16.0±3.09)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);B组患者的被叫服务率显著高于A组,而A组患者的主动服务率显著高于B组(P0.05)。A组患者的镇痛满意度显著高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者关于镇痛药物引起的不良反应发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论无线镇痛泵系统用于骨科手术患者术后镇痛,安全可行,有助于个体化镇痛管理,提高术后疼痛管理质量。     

互联网环境下医学院校高效班级规范管理制度探讨

通过对江苏省1132名医学院校大学生网络利用现状调查问卷的研究分析,论述当下网络环境下医学院校大学生网络利用现状,分析互联网的迅速发展给高效班级管理带来的发展机遇和面临的挑战。提出能够更好地利用互联网进行班级管理的措施:树立正确的上网观念、加强网络监管;积极引导学生正确利用互联网上的优质资源;利用网络平台,加强班级交流。     

Collection,verification, sharing and dissemination of data: the CONTRAST experience

The scientific community is charged with growing demands regarding the management of project data and outputs and the dissemination of key results to various stakeholders. We discuss experiences and lessons from CONTRAST, a multidisciplinary alliance that had been funded by the European Commission over a 4-year period, in order to optimize schistosomiasis control and transmission surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa. From the start, project partners from Europe and Africa set out an ambitious goal: to sample data following standard protocols at all field sites and then sharing the data in a way that would enable all project partners to have access through a password-protected Internet-based data portal. This required anonymous agreement on several common standardized sample forms, ranging from the mundane but important issue of using the same units of measurement to more complex challenges, for instance agreeing on the same protocols for double-treatment of praziquantel in different settings. With the experiences gained by the CONTRAST project, this paper discusses issues of data management and sharing in research projects in the light of the current donor demand, and offers advice and specific suggestions for similar interdisciplinary research projects.     

新型农村合作医疗2型糖尿病患者自我管理现状的调查

目的调查新型农村合作医疗2型糖尿病患者自我管理现状。方法采用自行设计的自我管理问卷对205例患者进行问卷调查。结果 57.07%的糖尿病患者自我管理总体处于一般水平,29.27%处于较好水平,0.98%处于非常好水平。自我管理各维度得分指标由高到低依次为:药物管理、饮食管理、糖尿病足管理、低血糖管理、血糖监测、运动管理。结论新型农村合作医疗2型糖尿病患者的自我管理总体水平不高,护理人员应有针对性地对患者及家属开展健康教育。