干预性早产89例分析

目的探讨降低早产儿的病死率。方法回顾性分析89例干预性早产的原因，比较不同治疗措施对围生儿结局的影响。结果重度妊高症、前置胎盘和胎儿窘迫是引起干预性早产的最常见病因，有规律的产前检查、应用促胎肺成熟药物可降低早产儿的并发症和围生儿的死亡率。结论不可避免的干预性早产，规律的产前检查、适当的宫内治疗可提高早产儿成活率。     

严重肝外伤25例术后再出血原因分析

目的 探讨严重肝外伤术后再出血的原因。方法 对1985年1月～2004年11月手术治疗的97例严重肝外伤, 术后再出血25例的2次手术所见及保守治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 按AAST对肝脏损伤的分级，Ⅲ级外伤12例，Ⅳ级外伤8例，V级外伤5例，第1次术后累计出血量800～2700mL，平均1500mL。2次手术止血19例，死亡5例；保守治疗6例，死亡2例（其中失血性休克3例，复合伤、多脏器功能衰竭各3例，严重感染致AKDS1例）。结论 严重肝外伤术后再出血的原因有多种，但最常见的是术中及术后处理方法不当。     

甲状腺机能亢进症临床特点的性别差异及其原因探讨

目的探讨甲状腺机能亢进症(甲亢)临床特点的性别差异及其原因。方法对35例男性甲亢患者与同期54例女性甲亢患者的临床资料进行分析。结果40～59岁的男性甲亢多于女性(P<0.05),<40岁的女性甲亢多于男性(P<0.05),男性甲亢的平均年龄高于女性(P<0.01)。男性甲亢在突眼征、心律失常(尤其心房纤颤)、周期性麻痹、药物性肝损害等的发生率高于女性(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.05)。男、女性甲亢的甲状腺激素水平差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论男性甲亢的年龄、突眼征、心房纤颤、周期性麻痹、药物性肝损害等临床特点与女性之间存在性别差异。     

濉溪县2006年居民病伤死亡原因分析

目的分析濉溪县居民死亡顺位、死亡原因、分布特征，为制定区域疾病预防控制措施及对策提供科学依据。方法死亡资料来源于常规监测报告，用Deaha Reg002软件系统进行统计分析。结果2006年濉溪县居民粗死亡率为5．04‰；前5位死因顺位是：恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、损伤与中毒、脑血管病。恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病是影响濉溪县居民尤其是中老年人生命安全和健康的主要疾病；损伤与中毒的高发人群是25～49岁的青壮年男性，同时危及到各个年龄层次，也是导致居民潜在寿命损失的第1位原因。结论恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、脑血管病为代表的慢性非传染性疾病和损伤与中毒已经成为威胁濉溪县居民的主要疾病。针对不同的人群开展慢性非传染性疾病和伤害与中毒的预防控制工作迫在眉睫。     

Risk factors in falls among the elderly according to extrinsic and intrinsic precipitating causes

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to identify the risk factors involved in falls in 190 elderly residents of two geriatric centres in Granada (Andalusia, Spain). Because different types of falls may be associated with different factors, falls were classified according to the precipitating cause, either extrinsic or intrinsic. The incidence density and the ratios for crude and adjusted density were calculated. Cox proportional risk analysis was used to calculate adjusted incidence density ratios. Of the 121 falls identified, 63 (52.1%) had a extrinsic precipitating cause, 43 (35.5%) had an intrinsic precipitating cause, and no precipitating cause was determined in 15 falls. The rate of falls with an extrinsic precipitating cause was 0.39 per person per year, while falls with an intrinsic precipitating cause showed a frequency of 0.27 per person per year. For falls with an extrinsic precipitating cause, the most significant risk factors were: age, diabetes mellitus, a history of falling, and treatment with neuroleptics or oral bronchodilators. The number of illnesses acted as a protective factor. For falls with an intrinsic precipitating cause, the independent risk factors were: age, diabetes, dementia, alterations of gait and balance, previous falls, and treatment with digitalins, neuroleptics or antidepressants. These results suggest that the susceptibility to a fall with an intrinsic precipitating cause is easier to identify and has a greater potential for being controlled.     

Classification of perinatal deaths: development of the Australian and New Zealand classifications

Classifications of perinatal deaths have been undertaken for surveillance of causes of death, but also for auditing individual deaths to identify suboptimal care at any level, so that preventive strategies may be implemented. This paper describes the history and development of the paired obstetric and neonatal Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand (PSANZ) classifications in the context of other classifications. The PSANZ Perinatal Death Classification is based on obstetric antecedent factors that initiated the sequence of events leading to the death, and was developed largely from the Aberdeen and Whitfield classifications. The PSANZ Neonatal Death Classification is based on fetal and neonatal factors associated with the death. The classifications, accessible on the PSANZ website (http://www.psanz.org), have definitions and guidelines for use, a high level of agreement between classifiers, and are now being used in nearly all Australian states and New Zealand.     

《诸病源候论》对皮肤病学的贡献

对《诸病源候论》在皮肤病方面的成就进行了较为系统的整理总结 ,该书着重讨论了皮肤病的命名、分类、病因病机 ,并阐发了《内经》“邪之所凑 ,其气必虚”理论和预防为主的思想。     

Registration of external causes of death in the Baltic States 1970-1997

BACKGROUND: Trends in external causes of deaths in the Baltic States--Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania--were analysed against the background of turbulent political, social and economic changes. The reliability of mortality statistics concerning external causes of death in these countries is considered to be good. METHOD: This study is based on data published by the statistical offices of the three Baltic States and on data obtained through interviews with personnel employed at the national statistical offices. The study period was divided, by socio-political and economic factors, into a period of stagnation (1970-1984) and a period of reforms (1985-1997). RESULTS: During 1970-1984 a stable slightly upward trend of external causes of death rates was observed. The curve became S-shaped in the reform period: between 1984 and 1988 a marked decrease occurred followed by a rapid increase of rates until 1994, and then by 1997 a fall to the approximate level of 1984. The male to female ratio of external causes of death was between 3.4:1 and 4.2:1. External deaths accounted for 10% to 14% of all deaths before 1984. During the period 1984-1988 the proportion of external deaths was under 10% and peaked in 1994 at 16%. Fluctuations in the trends of external death were more pronounced among males than females in all Baltic countries. CONCLUSION: Trends in external causes of death were similar in Baltic States. High proportions of violent death decreased life-expectancy for both sexes, but markedly for males. Social stresses and alcohol consumption could be considered as factors influencing the mortality rates and specific fluctuations in trends of external death, especially among males.     

三峡库区居民主要死因及潜在寿命损失分析

目的分析目前三峡库区居民主要死因,为制定疾病防治策略提供科学依据。方法系统收集三峡库区人群健康监测点居民死因资料,进行全死因分析和潜在寿命损失年（PYLL）分析。结果2005年,三峡库区居民死亡率前5位的死因依次为心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤与中毒和消化系统疾病,占全死因构成的87.96%;引起居民寿命损失的主要疾病为损伤与中毒、肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、内分泌营养代谢性疾病、呼吸系统疾病,PYLL合计为20406.43人年。结论三峡库区监测点人群的死亡以慢性疾病和损伤与中毒为主,加强慢性病防制,减少死亡和伤残是今后工作的重点。