38例非小细胞癌脑转移的综合治疗分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌脑转移的有效治疗方案.方法对38例非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者进行头部、胸部放疗并结合全身化疗的综合治疗.结果近期疗效的有效率为76.3%(29/38).神经精神症状缓解率73.7%(28/38),肺部症状缓解率60.5%(23/38).1年生存率31.5%(12/38),2 a生存率10.5%(4/38).结论合理采用综合治疗可有效提高非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的生存率.     

神经干细胞移植治疗缺氧缺血性脑损伤的实验研究

目的 研究神经干细胞移植治疗缺氧缺血性脑损伤的可行性。方法 取孕龄为12－16天的母鼠，从胎脑中分离神经细胞，进行培养、鉴定。用出生7天的SD大鼠的新生鼠制作缺氧缺血性脑损伤的动物模型，7天后接受神经干细胞移植（移植组，n＝16只），同时设置对照组，只注射磷酸缓冲液（对照组，n=8只），8－10周后，作Y迷宫实验检测大鼠的学习能力和记忆能力。取脑组织作免疫组织化学检查。结果 从大鼠胎脑中成功培养出神经干细胞，培养条件下呈悬浮状态生长，形成神经球，绝大多数的细胞表达神经干细胞的标志物神经巢蛋白（nestin）。接爱神经干细胞移植组大鼠的学习能力、记忆能力和对照组相比，有明显提高，差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）。接受神经干细胞移植大鼠组织中可见存活的移植细胞，并和宿主脑组织融合在一起。结论 在体外培养条件下，可从胎脑组织中培养出神经干细胞，移植到缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠脑内后，细胞与宿主的脑组织融合在一起，动物的学习、记忆能力有改善。移植神经干细胞是治疗缺氧缺知性脑损伤的有效方法之一。     

肺癌脑转移的CT诊断

目的:提高对肺癌脑转移CT诊断的认识.方法:回顾性分析48例经手术及病理证实的肺癌脑转移的CT表现及特征.结果:腺癌21例,鳞癌11例,小细胞癌15例,细支气管肺泡癌1例.多发灶41例,单发灶7例.CT发现脑部转移灶126个;囊性病灶99个,实性病灶16个,囊实性病灶11个.幕上病灶112个,幕下病灶14个.结论:CT对肺癌脑转移有重要的诊断价值.     

脑肿瘤患者手术前后T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的变化

目的 探讨脑肿瘤患者手术前后细胞免疫功能的变化及其临床意义。方法 采用单克隆抗体酶标法对22例脑肿瘤和12例脑内血肿患者手术前后不同时期的T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性进行动态监测。结果 脑肿瘤CD3^ 、CD4^ ,CD10^16 56和CD4^ /CD8^ 比值较对照组均有不同程度降低。而胶质瘤组较其余两组明显下降。34例患者术后4期CD3^ ,CD4^ ,CD16 56^ 比值均发生变化。胶质瘤组在术后1至2周明显低于其余两组。术后3至4周才逐渐恢复至正常水平。结论 脑肿瘤患者细胞免疫功能被抑制。且恶性胶质瘤较良性肿瘤更为明显，手术应激能导致T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性变化。脑肿瘤切除术后细胞免疫功能呈现暂时抑制至逐渐恢复的过程。     

高热惊厥214例临床分析

本文分析了214例高热惊厥,结果为:检出率4.35％;男女之比为1.61:1;好发年龄为6个月～6岁(93.5％);首发年龄为6个月～4岁(89.9％);惊厥发作时体温多在39℃以上(74.6％);惊厥发作多在发热后12h内(72.4％);每次热病中惊厥发作1～3次(99.5％);惊厥持续时间多在15min内(91.0％);致惊厥发作的热性疾病以上呼吸道感染为最多;214例中63例复发,其中2例转癫痫,61例尚未发现智力低下或其他异常。从2例转癫痫的临床及脑电图看,提示惊厥发作愈重,持续时间愈长,转癫痫的可能性愈大。     

CO2 reactivity and autoregulation in fetal brain

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants is well known to be associated with the high morbidity and mortality of this group. Previous studies have suggested altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) as an important pathologic factor. We measured the CBF in nearterm rabbit fetuses using the hydrogen clearance technique. The local CBF of the rabbit fetuses was significantly low compared with that of the maternal rabbits. The response of CBF to changes in PaCO₂ was observed in rabbit fetuses. The CO₂ reactivity index of the fetal rabbit was lower than that of the maternal rabbit. This low CO₂ reactivity might reflect the immaturity of the fetal brain and its low CBF. We were unable to monitor the fetal blood pressure, but the fetal CBF remained stable when the maternal blood pressure was altered. It is well known that IVH in preterm infants originates from the subependymal germinal matrix and that this has many fragile vessels. Our observation suggests that even a small increase of CBF during hypercapnia might have a large effect towards producing hemorrhage.     

Ineffectiveness of organic calcium channel blockers in antagonizing long-term potentiation

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the presence of calcium is critical for development of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). However, there is a paucity of information about whether calcium's role in LTP is pre- or postsynaptic. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of nitrendipine, verapamil, flunarizine and the benzodiazepine diazepam in: blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels; blocking synaptic transmission; and preventing development of LTP. Using the in vitro slice preparation, we obtained intracellular and extracellular recordings from guinea pig hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. At the cellular level, all 4 drugs were ineffective in blocking voltage-dependent calcium spikes (TTX resistant) and the calcium-dependent afterhyperpolarization. Verapamil and diazepam appeared to antagonize synaptic transmission, as reflected in smaller population spike amplitudes. Development of long-term potentiation was not affected by the presence of verapamil, flunarizine and diazepam. Nitrendipine appeared to reduce the percentage of slices exhibiting LTP; however, ethanol, the vehicle used to dissolve nitrendipine, was shown in separate experiments to reduce the percentage of slices exhibiting LTP. These results suggest that neither the organic calcium channel blockers--nitrendipine, verapamil, and flunarizine--nor micromolar concentrations of diazepam are potent blockers of extrasynaptic voltage-sensitive calcium channels in hippocampus. They thus cannot be used to demonstrate a specific pre- or postsynaptic calcium role in LTP.     

Interaction of estrogen receptor‐α ligand binding domain with nuclear proteins of aging mouse brain

After the interaction of estrogen with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of mouse estrogen receptor‐α (mERα) and hormone‐responsive elements of target genes, many nuclear proteins are recruited to regulate the expression of specific genes. Because it is not known which brain proteins interact with LBD or whether these proteins vary with age and sex, we used pull‐down assay and far Western blotting to detect five nuclear proteins of 160, 140, 87, 60, and 46 kD in the mouse brain. These interacting proteins were identified as PELP1, RIP140, PGC1α, BAF60, and ADA3, respectively. The level of PELP1, RIP140, PGC1α, and BAF60 decreased drastically in old compared with adult male mice, whereas the ADA3 level showed no significant change. PELP1, PGC1α, and BAF60 levels were lower in old male compared with female mice. Thus we report the identification and interaction of five nuclear proteins with mERα‐LBD, indicating their role in estrogen signaling and brain functions during aging. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Functioning and disability 6–15 years after traumatic brain injuries in northern Sweden

Objectives –  To assess long‐term functioning and disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Material and methods –  Individuals (n = 88) in Norrbotten, northern Sweden, who had been transferred for neurosurgical care were assessed with internationally established TBI outcome measures 6–15 years post‐injury. Results –  There was an improvement in overall outcome from discharge from inpatient rehabilitation to follow‐up. Many individuals had a high degree of motor and cognitive functioning, which enabled them to live independently in their own home without assistance, but there remained a disability related to community reintegration and social participation. This affected their productivity and to some degree their marital stability. The remaining disability and reduced productivity were related to the age at injury and the injury severity. Conclusions –  Our data showed that individuals with a TBI can achieve and maintain a high degree of functioning many years after the injury. Increasing age and a greater injury severity contributed to their long‐term disability.