SELEX技术及寡核苷酸适配体的近期研究进展

指数富集的配体系统进化（SELEX）技术是一类具备蓬勃发展前景的体外筛选技术,在生物学、药学及化学领域已引起广泛关注。本文即针对2004年以来SELEX技术的发展特点,主要介绍两类新型SELEX策略,即毛细管电泳-SELEX和针对复杂靶标的SELEX方法,并简要总结了寡核苷酸适配体在生物医学和药学相关方面的最新应用进展。     

Standard protocol for assessment of colon cancer improves the quality of pathology

Aim Tumour stage is the most important prognostic factor in colon cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the impact on the quality of pathology of the use of a standardized pathological and anatomical (PAD) protocol. Method A standardized PAD protocol for colorectal cancer was developed and all patients subjected to colon resection due to adenocarcinomas between 2004 and 2006 were analysed regarding lymph node status, circumferential resection margin (CRM), and intravascular and perineural growth. Moreover, usage of the PAD protocol and whether a pathologist or biomedicine analytical technician (BMA) performed the lymph node dissection was noted, and also whether the surgical procedure was elective or acute. Results During the study period 302 colon resections were carried out. The standard protocol was employed in 68% of the cases, varying from 0% to 100% between pathologists. The median number of investigated lymph nodes was 16 ± 11. When the lymph node dissection was performed by a BMA, significantly more lymph nodes were examined; 22 ± 15 and 14 ± 9, respectively (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between application of the standard protocol and the number of analysed lymph nodes (< 0.05). Comments on CRM, perineural growth and intravascular growth were also significantly more frequent when the protocol was used. Emergency surgery did not influence the handling of the specimens. Conclusion Minor changes in procedure in terms of a standard protocol for pathology and specimen dissection by BMAs, leading to an increased quality of the PAD‐report, may also improve the long‐term outcome for patients.     

Gods,Germs, and Petri Dishes: Toward a Nonsecular Medical Anthropology

Abstract

This commentary calls on medical anthropology to become programmatically non-secular. Despite recent anthropological critiques of secularity, within and outside of anthropology, most contemporary medical anthropologists continue to leave deities and religiosity out of their examinations of healing practices, especially in their accounts of biomedicine. Through a critical, relational constructionist lens, which traces how all entities are both constructed and real, a non-secular medical anthropology would insist that when deities are part of medical practice, they are integral to analysis. Importantly then, within the symmetrical nature of this same constructionist lens, biomedical entities like germs and petri dishes need to be accounted for just as much as deities.     

‘You don’t need a body to feel a body’: phantom limb syndrome and corporeal transgression

One of the central tensions within the literature on body studies concerns the degree to which the physical body is constituted by or through language, knowledges, and practices and the degree to which the body has foundational, purely material, or essential attributes. Three theoretical approaches have been at the heart of this debate: social constructionism, phenomenology, and structuration theory. Recently, body studies theorists have challenged scholars to move beyond the widely recognised limitations of dominant theorising by taking into account all three perspectives and conceptualising the body as surface, vehicle, and circuit. Because they embrace agnosticism and relational materialism, science and technology studies scholars are in a distinctive position to answer this call. Proponents fully acknowledge the materiality of the body without espousing essentialist claims by effacing the analytic division between agency and structure. Starting from this perspective, I use the concept of corporeal transgression and the phenomenon of phantom limb to reveal how ‘immaterial’– indeed, at times, fictive and fanciful – body parts became socially and materially substantive, engendering transformations within the bodies, minds, and brains of amputees, as well as within the field of neuroscience.     

生物医学领域中随机共振的理论及应用研究

随机共振是非线性动力系统中的普遍现象，它向人们展示了噪声在非线性体系中的积极作用。除了经典的随机共振理论外，还讨论了其他类型的随机共振，诸如非周期、超阈值和耦合随机共振等等；讲述了随机共振的基本机理及表征方法；介绍了随机共振在生物和医学领域中的应用及最新研究进展，并对随机共振的发展前景做了展望。     

BOOK REVIEW: Simulations in Biomedicine IV, edited by H. Power, C. A. Brebbia, and J. Kenny

PAC98: 0130Cc, 8710+e     

At,with and beyond risk: expectations of living with the possibility of future dementia

Biomedical research aimed at the development of therapies for chronic and late‐onset conditions increasingly concentrates on the early treatment of symptom‐less disease. This broad trend is evidenced in prominent shifts in contemporary dementia research. Revised diagnostic criteria and new approaches to clinical trials propose a focus on earlier stages of disease and prompt concerns about the implications of communicating test results associated with the risk of developing dementia when no effective treatments are available. This article examines expectations of the implications of learning test results related to dementia risk, based on focus group research conducted in the UK and Spain. It points to the extended social and temporal aspects of the dementia risk experience. Three key dimensions of this risk experience are elaborated: living ‘at risk’, represented in efforts to reduce risk and plan for the future; ‘with risk’, through vigilance towards cognitive health and earlier or prolonged contact with healthcare services; and finally, ‘beyond risk’ through a cessation of the self in its current social, legal and financial form. A virtual abstract of this paper can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_979cmCmR9rLrKuD7z0ycA     

中国海洋生物医药产业链发展研究

进入21世纪,海洋产业迅速崛起。海洋生物医药产业作为战略性新兴产业,在“蓝色药库”开发计划上升为国家战略的背景下,具有极大的发展潜力。研究聚焦于中国海洋生物医药产业链,剖析产业链各环节,阐述产业链各环节的内容及特点,分析中国海洋生物医药产业链现存问题,解析产业链未来发展的战略环节,并从产业链各环节提升、产业链整合两方面提出对策建议,以期促进中国海洋生物医药产业链的发展。     

Queer challenges to evidence‐based practice

This paper aims to queer evidence‐based practice by troubling the concepts of evidence, knowledge and mental illness. The evidence‐based narrative that emerged within biomedicine has dominated health care. The biomedical notion of ‘evidence’ has been critiqued extensively and is seen as exclusive and limiting, and even though the social constructionist paradigm attempts to challenge the authority of biomedicine to legitimate what constitutes acceptable evidence or knowledge for those experiencing mental illness, biomedical notions of evidence appear to remain relatively intact. Queer theory offers theoretical tools to disrupt biomedical norms and challenges biomedical normativity to indicate how marginalisation occurs when normative truths about mental health classify those who differ from the norm as ‘ill’ or ‘disordered’. Queer theory's emphasis on normativity serves the political aim to subvert marginalisation and bring about radical social and material change. Reference will be made to mental health subjects within each discourse by indicating how the body acts as a vehicle for knowing. Deleuzian notions of the rhizome are used as metaphor to suggest a relational approach to knowledge that does away with either/or positions in either biomedical, or queer knowledge to arrive at a both/and position where the biomedical, constructionist and queer are interrelated and entangled in needing the other for their own evolution. However, queer does not ask for assimilation but celebrates difference by remaining outside to disrupt that which is easily overlooked, assumed to be natural or represented as the norm. The task of queer knowledge is to do justice to the lives lived in the name of evidence‐based practice and demands that we consider the relations of power where knowledge is produced. This pursuit creates different knowledge spaces where we identify new intersections that allow for socially just understandings of knowing or evidence to emerge.