Topical hyaluronan alone promotes corneal epithelial cell migration whereas combination with benzalkonium chloride impairs epithelial wound healing

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of topical hyaluronan (HA) on corneal epithelial wound healing when administered with or without benzalkonium chloride (BAC).

Methods: A cultured human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T) was subjected to in vitro scratch assays and in situ epithelial migration was evaluated in organ-cultured rabbit corneas. The corneal epithelium of C57BL/6J mice was also evaluated to determine in vivo wound healing. An in vivo imaging system was also used to evaluate the effects of HA on eye drop retention on the ocular surface.

Results: The findings revealed the promotion of HCE-T migration, in situ rabbit corneal epithelial migration, and in vivo wound healing in mouse corneal epithelium by HA. Pre-treatment with HA also protected against delayed epithelial wound healing in BAC in vitro. However, pre-treatment with 3?mg/mL HA did not show a protective effect against BAC in vivo, but instead delayed epithelial wound healing and increased detection of cleaved caspase-3. This suggested that HA promotes the retention of BAC on the ocular surface. The instilled HA was retained after 15?min, at a significantly higher rate than for phosphate-buffered saline.

Conclusions: The combination of HA and BAC impaired wound healing in the corneal epithelium.     

溴吡斯的明与左旋多巴联合激发试验峰值时间的探讨

目的：探讨溴吡斯的明与左旋多巴在生长激素（GH）激发试验中应用及峰值出现时间,以减少多次采血给患儿带来的痛苦。方法：选取2018年1-8月在我科就诊的需接受溴吡斯的明与左旋多巴联合激发试验的矮小症患儿88例,对生长激素峰值出现时间进行分析。结果：生长激素峰值出现在药物联合应用后30~60 min的患儿共69例（78.41%）,其中在用药后60 min出现峰值的患儿达40例（45.45%）,而在用药后90~120 min出现峰值的患儿仅14例（15.91%）,与30~60 min出现峰值的患儿数比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=68.97,P<0.01）。结论：溴吡斯的明与左旋多巴联合激发试验在药物联合应用后30~60 min出现峰值较多,90~120 min出现峰值较少,为减少患儿痛苦,可减少用药后120 min抽血次数,该结论可在临床推广。     

苯扎氯铵改性粘接剂对牙本质-树脂远期粘接强度的影响研究

目的:评估苯扎氯铵(benzalkonium chloride,BAC)改性粘接剂对牙本质-树脂远期粘接强度的影响。方法:将BAC加入到美国3M第八代全酸蚀树脂粘接剂(single bond universal,SBU)中,制成不同浓度的改性粘接剂。将保存于百里香酚溶液中的100颗第三磨牙随机分为10组(n=10),A、A1组:0.25%BAC;B、B1组:0.5%BAC;C、C1组:1%BAC;D、D1:2%BAC;E、E1:对照组。A、B、C、D、E组试件进行剪切强度实验(SBS)并统计断裂模式。A1、B1、C1、D1、E1组试件进行微拉伸实验(μTBS)并统计断裂模式。结果:在剪切强度和微拉伸强度实验中,处理组的强度表现均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其结果具有统计学意义。D组与C组结果具有统计学差异(P=0.01).D1组与B1组、C1组比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。断裂模式均以混合断裂为主,其次是粘接面断裂,内聚断裂最少。结论:全酸蚀粘接模式下,在树脂粘接剂中添加苯扎氯铵并不能改善牙本质与树脂的远期粘接强度,这可能是由于粘接剂的理化性能受损导致。     

2015-2017年长江流域六市样本医院国产及进口噻托溴铵的使用情况及预算影响分析

目的：基于2015-2017年长江流域六市共273家样本医院噻托溴铵的使用情况进行分析,结合此地区的经济学评价结果和数据模拟的预测影响分析,明确国产和进口噻托溴铵两者相对的经济学价值,为临床噻托溴铵的合理使用及医改选药提供参考。方法：抽取2015-2017年长江流域六市273家样本医院噻托溴铵的通用名、剂型、规格、使用数量、销售金额及生产厂商性质等,分析上述医院国产和进口噻托溴铵的销售金额、使用频度（DDDs）及其构成比等,利用理想模型费用数据模拟与预算影响分析模型进行数据处理及分析。结果：长江流域六市样本医院2015-2017年噻托溴铵总DDDs和总销售金额呈增长趋势,且具有统计学意义。六市样本医院噻托溴铵的总销售金额按照其在长江流域的地理位置（即从长江下游至上游）逐步递减的,沿海东部地区总销售金额及DDDs高于中西部地区,国产噻托溴铵在使用频度方面占主导地位,销售金额处于从属地位。从卫生服务提供者的角度考虑,国产噻托溴铵在治疗费用上相对进口噻托溴铵具有成本优势。通过预算影响分析,在假设完全规范慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）管理情况下,国产噻托溴铵对进口噻托溴铵的替换具有节约费用的作用。结论：从医保基金的高效使用以及病人的经济负担角度,临床使用国产噻托溴铵更合理有效。     

布地奈德沙丁胺醇联合异丙托溴铵雾化吸入治疗支气管哮喘急性发作临床效果观察

目的：探讨布地奈德、沙丁胺醇联合异丙托溴铵雾化吸入对支气管哮喘急性发作患者临床症状、体征及肺功能的影响。方法：选择符合标准的患者83例,采用入院先后顺序分为观察组42例和对照组41例,两组患者均给予基础治疗,对照组加用沙丁胺醇气雾剂,观察组加用布地奈德气雾剂、沙丁胺醇气雾剂及异丙托溴铵气雾剂,比较两组患者临床症状及体征、肺功能变化情况。结果：观察组患者气急、胸闷、咳嗽及哮鸣音缓解时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。两组患者治疗前肺功能相似,差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;治疗后患者肺功能较治疗前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）;观察组较对照组改善幅度更大,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。治疗5d后观察组患者临床控制21例、显效12例、好转8例及无效1例;对照组患者临床控制14例、显效13例、好转9及无效5例,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：布地奈德、沙丁胺醇联合异丙托溴铵雾化吸入能快速改善支气管哮喘急性发作患者的肺功能,缓解临床症状及体征,临床疗效确切。     

吸入异丙托溴铵联合布地奈德治疗哮喘-慢阻肺重叠综合征的效果探讨

目的以哮喘-慢阻肺重叠综合征患者为研究对象,探讨患者应用吸入异丙托溴铵与布地奈德联合治疗的效果。方法以90例哮喘-慢阻肺重叠综合征患者作为本次研究对象并随机分为两组,为对照组(n=45)患者实施布地奈德吸入治疗,为观察组(n=45)患者实施吸入异丙托溴铵与布地奈德联合治疗。结果治疗前患者FEV1、FEV1/FVC等肺功能指标组间差异显著(P>0.05),治疗后观察组患者FEV1、FEV1/FVC均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组0级及I级占比高于对照组,III级及IV级占比均低于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者III级占比差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论哮喘-慢阻肺重叠综合征患者采用异丙托溴铵与布地奈德联合吸入治疗能够使其呼吸困难症状得到有效缓解,肺功能改善效果理想。     

Tiotropium bromide inhibits relapsing allergic asthma in BALB/c mice

Recurrent relapses of allergic lung inflammation in asthmatics may lead to airway remodeling and lung damage. We tested the efficacy of tiotropium bromide, a selective long-acting, muscarinic receptor antagonist as an adjunct therapy in relapses of allergic asthma in mice. We compared the effectiveness of local intranasal administration of tiotropium and dexamethasone in acute and relapsing allergic asthma in BALB/c mice. Although tiotropium at low doses is a potent bronchodilator, we tested higher doses to determine effectiveness on inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. A 5-day course of twice daily intranasal tiotropium or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg (b.w.)) suppressed airway eosinophils by over 87% during disease initiation and 88% at relapse compared to vehicle alone. Both drugs were comparable in their capacity to suppress airway and parenchymal inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, though tiotropium was better than dexamethasone at reducing mucus secretion during disease relapse. Despite treatment with either drug, serum antigen-specific IgE or IgG1 antibody titres remained unchanged. Our study indicates that tiotropium at higher doses than required for bronchodilation, effectively suppresses inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in the lungs and airways of mice during the initiation and relapse of asthma. Tiotropium is currently not approved for use in asthma. Clinical studies have to demonstrate the efficacy of tiotropium in this respiratory disease.     

Unilateral pupillary mydriasis from nebulized ipratropium bromide: A false sign of brain herniation in the intensive care unit

Although there are many causes of anisocoria in the intensive care setting, the development of unilateral mydriasis in patients with intracranial hemorrhage or tumor is a neurological emergency, as it may herald the onset of uncal herniation. We describe two patients with a hemiparesis from neurosurgical disorder who subsequently developed a fixed and dilated pupil. The pupillary abnormality was caused by nebulized ipratropium bromide in both cases, and resolved when the medication was discontinued. Nebulized ipratropium may leak from the mask into ipsilateral eye and cause mydriasis in patients with facial weakness. This benign cause of anisocoria in the intensive care setting is distinguished from uncal herniation by the laterality of neurologic findings, and lack of mental status change, ptosis, and extraocular movement impairment.     

单磷酸阿糖腺苷联合复方异丙托溴铵、布地奈德治疗毛细支气管炎患儿的疗效及对血清样淀粉蛋白A的影响

目的 评价单磷酸阿糖腺苷联合复方异丙托溴铵、布地奈德治疗小儿毛细支气管炎疗效及对血清样淀粉蛋白A （SAA）水平的影响。方法 选取2016年2月-2017年12月收治的毛细支气管炎患儿110例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组55例。对照组给予布地奈德混悬液0.5 mg联合复方异丙托溴铵1.25 mL溶入3 mL生理盐水中雾化吸入。观察组在对照组的基础上加用单磷酸阿糖腺苷10 mg溶于5%葡萄糖溶液100 mL中iv。两组均治疗7 d,比较两组临床疗效（包括发热、咳喘、啰音等）以及治疗前后血清SAA、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）以及IL-8水平。结果 观察组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.4%和83.6%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后观察组症状体征消失时间和住院时间与对照组相比明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患儿血清SAA表达水平及血清TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8水平均较治疗前明显下降,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 单磷酸阿糖腺苷联合复方异丙托溴铵、布地奈德治疗小儿毛细支气管炎疗效确切,可改善机体免疫功能及降低炎症指标,值得临床推广应用。