A Clinical Study of Reversing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients by Adalat

ＡＣｌｉｎｉｃａｌＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＲｅｖｅｒｓｉｎｇＬｅｆｔＶｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒＨｙｐｅｒｔｒｏｐｈｙｉｎＨｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅＰａｔｉｅｎｔｓｂｙＡｄａｌａｔＺｈａｎｇＦｕｍｉｎ（张馥敏）ＸｕＤｉ（许迪）ＹｏｎｇＹｏｎｇｈｏｎｇ（雍永宏）Ｃｈｅｎ...     

New peritoneal dialysis solutions

Summary: Current peritoneal dialysis solutions are not biocompatible, particularly in respect to low pH, high osmolality and use of lactate. In addition, glucose is not an ideal osmotic agent. Recent advances in the formulation of peritoneal dialysis fluids aim to provide a more physiological environment to preserve membrane integrity. the effects of pH and lactate have been overcome by the use of bicarbonate based solutions whilst icodextrin (glucose polymers) often prolonged ultrafiltration in spite of being isomotic to uraemic plasma. Future formulations will see a combination of osmotic agents (including amino acids) and bicarbonate to achieve a more biocompatible solution whilst still meeting the ultrafiltration needs of the patients. Additives (glycosaminoglycans, procysteine) may protect the peritoneum from free radical injury.     

l-DOPA induces concentration-dependent facilitation and inhibition of presynaptic acetylcholine release in the guinea-pig submucous plexus

Neurotransmitter- or neuromodulator-like actions ofl-DOPA were investigated with intracellular recordings from submucous plexus neurons of the guinea-pig caecum.l-DOPA at 30 nM augmented the amplitude of fast EPSPs, but did not affect depolarizations elicited by puff application of acetylcholine (ACh). The augmenting effect ofl-DOPA on the fast EPSPs was counteracted byl-DOPA methyl ester. The fast EPSPs were depressed by 10 μMl-DOPA, but transiently augmented after rinsing the drug.l-DOPA methyl ester did not affect the inhibitory action ofl-DOPA on the fast EPSPs, but antagonized the potentiation following the inhibition. The depolarization elicited by exogenously applied. ACh was inhibited by 10 μMl-DOPA. Intracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]_i) of the neuronal soma were measured with fura-2 microfluorophotometry. The transient increase in the [Ca²⁺]_i evoked by the somatic action potential (Δ[Ca²⁺]_AP) was facilitated by 30 nMl-DOPA, but decreased by the drug at 10 μM. It is concluded thatl-DOPA at low concentrations enhances the Δ[Ca²⁺]_AP, increasing the neurotransmitter release, but at high dose diminishes the Δ[Ca²⁺]_AP, inhibiting the neurotransmission.     

补钙预防结直肠息肉及结直肠癌的作用

本文概述了人体补充钙后对大肠息肉及结肠癌发生的影响。     

草酸钙尿石症患者尿液和结石中凝血酶原片段检测及其意义

为比较正常人和尿石症患者尿液中凝血酶原片段1（UPTF1）在含量及其与草酸钙晶体的结合能力，以探讨UPTF1含量或功能异常与草酸结石形成的关系，用ELISA法检测正常人和尿石症患者24h尿液、用过饱和结晶法制备的晶体表面结合物质和结石基质中UPTF1的含量。结果发现尿石症患者尿液中能与草酸钙结合的UPTF1的浓度及其在24h尿中含量显著低于正常人组；UPTF1普遍存在于含钙结石中。结果表明：尿石症患者尿液中抑制结石形成的UPTF1明显减少可能是结石形成的重要原因。     

Ineffectiveness of organic calcium channel blockers in antagonizing long-term potentiation

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the presence of calcium is critical for development of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). However, there is a paucity of information about whether calcium's role in LTP is pre- or postsynaptic. In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of nitrendipine, verapamil, flunarizine and the benzodiazepine diazepam in: blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels; blocking synaptic transmission; and preventing development of LTP. Using the in vitro slice preparation, we obtained intracellular and extracellular recordings from guinea pig hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. At the cellular level, all 4 drugs were ineffective in blocking voltage-dependent calcium spikes (TTX resistant) and the calcium-dependent afterhyperpolarization. Verapamil and diazepam appeared to antagonize synaptic transmission, as reflected in smaller population spike amplitudes. Development of long-term potentiation was not affected by the presence of verapamil, flunarizine and diazepam. Nitrendipine appeared to reduce the percentage of slices exhibiting LTP; however, ethanol, the vehicle used to dissolve nitrendipine, was shown in separate experiments to reduce the percentage of slices exhibiting LTP. These results suggest that neither the organic calcium channel blockers--nitrendipine, verapamil, and flunarizine--nor micromolar concentrations of diazepam are potent blockers of extrasynaptic voltage-sensitive calcium channels in hippocampus. They thus cannot be used to demonstrate a specific pre- or postsynaptic calcium role in LTP.     

旋磁场对胆结石病人胆汁中胆红素、钙、胆固醇和pH的影响

目的 探讨旋磁场与大面积静磁场对置对胆结石病人胆汁中总胆红素（BIT）、直接胆红素（BID）、间接胆红素（BII）、钙（Ca）、胆固醇（CH）和pH的影响。方法 旋磁组30例,测定旋磁处理前后65对胆汁样本。空白对照组15例,留取前后30对胆汁样本。将直径12mm圆形稀土永磁片110块,表面磁感应强度210mT,分别间隔10mm贴于210mm×220mm铁皮上形成一个大面积磁板与旋磁头表面静磁感应强度160mT,旋转平均表面磁感应强度100mT呈异名极对置,磁板置肝区背侧,旋磁头置剑突下处理40min。结果 旋磁组胆结石病人胆汁（n=65）:经旋磁场与磁板对置处理前减去处理后差值的x±s和t值分别为BIT41.81±93.52、3.59;BID 13.57±43.70、2.46;BII28.27±61.67、3.32;Ca 0.19±0.31、4.87;CH0.12±0.29、3.36;pH 0.01±0.27、0.30。除pH外,其余各项指标P值均<0.05。对照组胆汁（n=30）:间隔时间前后差值的x±s和t值分别为BIT4.42±22.05、1.14;BID2.40±12.37、1.06;BII2.52±46.27、0.30;Ca0.01±0.18、0.50;CH0.03±0.15、0.94;pH 0.009±0.06、0.84。P值均>0.05。结论 在本项磁场类型、强度和时间处理条件下,旋磁场与磁板对置能明显影响胆结石病人胆汁中的BIT、BID、BII、Ca和CH的浓度变化,且有显著降低的作用。     

Studies on Toxicity of Nitroquine-Dapsone Compound and Therapeutic Effects of Folic or Folinic Acid on Toxicated Animals

The toxic effects of nitroquine-dapsone compound(NQD)in mice and dogs were studied.The therapeutic index of NQDin mice is 1911,the greatest among the 6 antimalarials tested.Thetoxic effects of NQD(50 mg/kg/day for 3 days per os)and nitro-quine in dogs were manifested by injuries on the adrenal cortexand intestinal epithelium.When folic acid(4 mg/kg/day for 4 days)or calcium leucovorinum(0.3 mg/kg/day for 4 days)were usedconcomitantly with NQD,the death rate and the incidence of dia-rrhea in the toxicated dogs were greatly reduced,the injury on theintestinal epithelium was much milder,and the goblet cells weremuch more numerous than those without treatment.The results suggestthat folic acid and calcium leucovorinum can protect the undifferen-tiated cells in the intestinal crypts from being injured by NQD.     

Calcium absorption following small bowel resection in man. Evidence for an adaptive response

Seventeen patients who had undergone extensive small bowel resection were studied for calcium absorption (FACa) and plasma vitamin D metabolites. FACa was measured by a double radio-tracer technique and expressed as percentage of total oral dose. FACa was decreased compared with controls (34%, range: 3-46 v 65%, range: 57-73, P less than 0.01). A positive correlation (r = 0.49, P = 0.05) was found between FACa and the remaining length of small bowel (SBL). As wide variations in both SBL and duration after surgery were observed among the seventeen investigated patients, we were led to individualize less heterogeneous subgroups of patients. Better correlations were found when the patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether the time interval between the resection and the investigation was shorter (r = 0.75, n = 11, P less than 0.02) or longer (r = 0.89, n = 6, P = 0.05) than 2 years. In thirteen patients who had a SBL shorter than 100 cm, a positive correlation was observed between FACa and the time interval after surgery (months): r = 0.65, P less than 0.05. Plasma 1,25 (OH)2D was markedly reduced in the whole group (31 pmol l-1, range: 8-108) compared with controls (103 pmol-1, range: 59-134, P less than 0.01). The present study shows that in extensively small bowel resected patients, calcium absorption is reduced, the alteration being dependent both on the length of the remnant small bowel and on the time after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

恒定分压CO2对羟基磷灰石溶解度的影响

[目的]应用固体滴定技术监测羟基磷灰石(Hydroxyaptite,HA)的溶解平衡过程,观察组织液生理浓度CO2对羟基磷灰石溶解度的影响.[方法]在恒温水浴系统中以HA为固体滴定物.测试液为KCl溶液(0.1 mol/L),并引入恒定分压的CO2(占空气体积比为3.5%±0.1%).半导体二极管激光为发射光源,散射光源探测器用于监测HA的溶解平衡过程并判断超越溶解平衡点所出现的沉淀(合共17次滴定终点).固体滴定总量用于代表溶解度等温线上的数据点.[结果]引入恒定分压CO2后测定的HA在KCl溶液中的溶解度高于其在KCl溶液中所得50倍以上.[结论]固体滴定技术利于监测HA的溶解平衡过程.溶液体系中CO2增加HA的溶解度.推测该现象与CO2-3形成的复合物密切相关.