亚急性甲状腺炎的CT诊断

目的:探讨亚急性甲状腺炎的CT表现和特点,提高对该病影像表现的认识。材料和方法:回顾性分析10例亚急性甲状腺炎CT影像特征及临床资料,共16个病灶,其中9例经手术病理证实,1例临床证实。同时抽取局限型甲状腺癌65例,就部分征象作对照分析。结果:亚急性甲状腺炎局限性3例,弥漫性7例。CT表现分3型:①局限于甲状腺一侧叶的低密度病变,病变甲状腺肿大,峡部可受累,3例;②甲状腺两叶各有一低密度病变,呈不对称肿大,病灶之间有正常甲状腺组织,6例共12个病灶;③甲状腺两叶及岬部均匀肿大,略不对称,1例。CT平扫病变为低密度,增强扫描后呈轻到中度均匀强化(15/16),腺内更低密度结节少见(1/16)。病变处甲状腺边缘模糊(16/16),与正常甲状腺组织界限不清(15/16),而局限型甲状腺癌病灶与正常甲状腺腺组织分界清楚(62/65),两者极不一样(P<0.01)。结论:亚急性甲状腺炎CT表现有一定特点,熟悉这些特点对于诊断及鉴别诊断很有帮助。     

多层螺旋CT肺密度测定对结缔组织病肺问质病变的早期诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)肺密度测定对结缔组织病(CTD)肺间质病变(ILL)早期诊断的临床意义。方法对222例CTD患者及50名正常对照者，应用MSCT附带的Pulmo自动评估软件进行上、中、下肺区的密度测定，并同时进行肺高分辨扫描(}-IR(_1、)，分析二者的变化与CTD伴ILL的关系。结果222例cm患者中197例平均肺密度有不同程度的增高，25例平均肺密度正常。157例HRCT有不同程度的肺间质病变，65例HRCT正常。50名正常对照者HRCT均正常，8名平均肺密度有不同程度的增高，42名平均肺密度正常。结论采用MSCT与HRCT对CTD伴ILL的检测结果差异有统计学意义，P=0．000(双侧)，因此MSCT平均肺密度测定对早期诊断CTD伴ILL比HRCT更敏感，更有临床意义。     

Alveolar hydatid disease of the liver: Brief review and spectrum of adjacent organ invasion

The purpose of this study is to show the spectrum of adjacent organ invasion and to make a brief review of hepatic alveolar hydatid disease (AHD), using CT and MR imaging. We retrospectively reviewed CT and MR images of three patients with various adjacent organ invasions surgically and histologically proven to be AHD. Local invasion to right kidney and adrenal, right hemidiaphragm and lung were detected in one patient, right adrenal in another patient and gall bladder, duodenum, gastric wall and pancreas invasion in the other. AHD may rarely extend to the gall bladder, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, right adrenal and kidney, diaphragm, pleura and lung. The extension of the disease outside the liver is usually encountered in patients with large, peripherally located masses in the advanced stage of the disease.     

老年腹主动脉瘤非手术治疗的长期超声随访研究

目的超声随访观察经非手术治疗的老年腹主动脉瘤的发展变化规律。方法超声随访诊断明确、病历及影像学资料完整的老年腹主动脉瘤非手术治疗患者37例，按首次发现时瘤体大小分3组，定期测量并记录各组腹主动脉扩张最明显处横切面直径，计算年增长量。结果37例腹主动脉瘤首次发现时瘤径大小平均为4．68cm，随访年限0．5～11年，平均6．1年，瘤径平均每年增长0．47cm。14例瘤径小于4．0cm，平均年增长0．23cm，15例瘤径小于6．0cm，平均年增长0．37cm，8例瘤径大于6．0cm，平均年增长0．67cm。随访期间死亡5例，其中因动脉瘤破裂死亡2例，破裂前瘤径大小分别为8．35cm、8．91cm。7例随访期间因瘤径短期内明显增大而行腹主动脉瘤腔内支架隔绝术。结论老年腹主动脉瘤瘤径小于6．0cm者随增龄增长缓慢，大于6．0cm者随增龄增长快，应进行积极的外科干预。     

齿状突骨折的MRI诊断

目的分析齿状突骨折的MRI表现,探讨MRI扫描在诊断齿状突骨折中的价值。方法回顾性分析我科CT确诊的52例齿状突骨折患者的MRI资料,MRI扫描包括横断面、矢状面、冠状面的T1WI及T2WI像。结果根据骨折部位将齿状突骨折分为三型,Ⅰ型:尖端骨折,本组3例;Ⅱ型:基底骨折,本组35例;Ⅲ型:枢椎椎体部骨折,本组14例。所有患者中,并发脊髓损伤16例,韧带损伤8例,3例合并颈椎脱位。结论MRI能清晰显示齿状突骨折线,确定骨折类型,显示椎旁软组织损伤,脊髓损伤。对于齿状突骨折患者,MRI对临床治疗有重要指导价值。     

冠状CT扫描对颅脑疾患的诊断意义

作者通过对30例颅脑疾患冠状CT扫描资料进行研究,提出在一定情况下,在横断CT扫描的基础上,加用冠状CT扫描或冠矢重建图象,对病变的精确定位、病变的起源和发展方向以及病变与周围结构的关系等很有裨益。     

CT scan and threshold vibrometry in the diagnosis of spinocerebellar degenerations

45 patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) underwent through quantitative investigation of the ventricular and cisternal systems by CT scanning and threshold vibrometry in the limbs to find out whether these parameters could be used for distinguishing mainly spinal from cerebellar forms or from olivopontoce-rebellar atrophy. The increase in the vibration sense threshold and the mild atrophy in the posterior cranial fossa proved typical of spinal forms and the reverse for cerebellar forms. In olivopontocerebellar atrophy enlargement of the cisterns and dilatation of the ventricles always exceeded 85% of normal values.

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Sommario 45 pazienti affetti da degenerazione spinocerebellare (SCD) sono stati sottoposti ad uno studio approfondito di esplorazione quantitativa del sistema ventricolare e cisternale alla TAC e della soglia di percezione vibratoria agli arti per valutare la possibilità di distinguere con questi parametri le forme prevalentemente spinali da quelle cerebellari o delle atrofie olivopontocerebellari. L'aumento della soglia vibratoria e la modesta atrofia in fossa posteriore è risultata tipica delle forme spinali, mentre l'inverso si verifica per le forme cerebellari. Nelle atrofie olivopontocerebellari l'allargamento delle cisterne e la dilatazione dei ventricoli supera quasi sempre l'85% rispetto ai casi normali.

     

False positive-false negative CT scan in late epileptic seizure: a meningioma-glioblastoma association

Summary A false-negative finding on initial CT is reported in a case of supratentorial glioma. This observation was peculiar because the first CT revealed a meningioma which might initially have been related to the clinical symptoms. The term false positive-false negative CT is proposed. The reasons for such CT failures are discussed. The accuracy of clues as to the localization of the glioma provided by EEG is emphasized.     

自发性颅内低压综合征的影像学特点

自1938年Schaltenbrand第一次描述1例自发性颅内低压综合征病例以来,该病症逐渐为人们认识。颅内低压综合征的诊断主要根据临床有典型的体位性头痛症状(直立位出现或加重,平卧位减轻或消失),同时腰椎穿刺测脑脊液压力低于8kPa(60mmH2O)。自20世纪90年代以来,文献报道的本综合征神经影像学表现越来越多,并使其诊断发生了革命性的变化。本文将就其影像学特点及发生的病理生理机制进行简要介绍。1自发性颅内低压综合征影像学表现的病理生理基础腰椎穿刺脑脊液压力低于8kPa(60mmH2O)是诊断自发性颅内低压综合征的主要依据,脑脊液压力降低也一…     

Successful embolization of a large superior gluteal artery pseudoaneurysm emerging during anticoagulant therapy

Gross hemorrhage is the most serious complication of anticoagulant therapy. We report the discovery and treatment of a large pseudoaneurysm of the superior gluteal artery in one patient who had been receiving oral anticoagulant therapy. We diagnosed the pseudoaneurysm by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and embolized the artery with stainless steel coils. The exact cause of the pseudoaneurysm remains unclear, however, minor trauma appears most likely.